Theory of Change. A methodology for: planning, implementa,on, Evalua,on. To promote economic, environmental, social change.

Transcription

1 Theory of Change A methodology for: planning, implementa,on, Evalua,on. To promote economic, environmental, social change. First: Defines long-term goals Then: maps backward to iden@fy necessary precondi@ons.

2 PRAGMATISM A philosophical tradi,on begun in the US around 1870 John Dewey John Dewey William James Accepts logical thought as an instrument or tool for predic,on, problem solving and ac,on. Rejects the Cartesian idea that the func,on of logical thought is to describe, represent, or mirror reality.

3 DEVELOPMENT THEORY Actually a collec,on of theories about how change takes place: Moderniza,on Theory Dependency Theory Basic Needs Theory Neo-Classical Theory Structuralism Sustainable Development Human Development Theory Post Development Theory

4 IN PPRACTICE: WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT? CHANGE FROM THE STATUS QUO by.

5 CHANGE FROM THE STATUS QUO by. TURNING RESEARCH TO ACTION that. WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT?

6 WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT? CHANGE FROM THE STATUS QUO by. TURNING RESEARCH TO ACTION that. MOVES TOWARD A DESIRED STATE FROM A LESS DESIRED STATE and

7 WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT? CHANGE FROM THE STATUS QUO by. TURNING RESEARCH TO ACTION that. MOVES TOWARD A DESIRED STATE FROM A LESS DESIRED STATE and. CARRIED OUT IN AN ORDERLY AND PLANNED MANNER THROUGH PROJECTS

8 THEORY OF CHANGE

9 PROBLEM C O N C E P T I O N

10 PROJECT PROBLEM C O N C E P T I O N A C T I O N

11 PROGRAM PROJECT PROBLEM C O N C E P T I O N A C T I O N S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y

12 LEADERS OF CHANGE ROLES and RESPONSIBILITIES EFFECTIVELY MANAGING PROJECTS within PROGRAMS

13 PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION and EMPOWERMENT EMPOWERMENT Beneficiary

14 PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION and EMPOWERMENT EMPOWERMENT Worker Beneficiary

15 PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION and EMPOWERMENT EMPOWERMENT Acquiring skills & knowledge Worker Beneficiary

16 PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION and EMPOWERMENT EMPOWERMENT Manager, decision maker Acquiring skills & knowledge Worker Beneficiary

17 PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION and EMPOWERMENT EMPOWERMENT Policy maker Manager, decision maker Acquiring skills & knowledge Worker Beneficiary

18 PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION and EMPOWERMENT EMPOWERMENT Policy maker Owner of equity Manager, decision maker Acquiring skills & knowledge Worker Beneficiary

19 WE BEGIN WITH A PROBLEM SO, WHAT S THE PROBLEM?

20 PROBLEM AN UNDESIRED STATE:.. A LACK OF SUFFICIENT INFORMATION?

21 PROBLEM AN UNDESIRED STATE:.. AN EXISTING CONDITION NECESSITATING REARRANGEMENT?

22 PROBLEM AN UNDESIRED STATE:.. A HARMFUL SITUATION?

23 PROBLEM AN UNDESIRED STATE:.. A CHALLENGE?

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25 PROJECT PROGRAM PROBLEM C O N C E P T I O N A C T I O N S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y HYPOTHESIS THEORY FACT

26 HYPOTHESIS Either a suggested explana,on for an observable phenomenon, or a reasoned predic,on as a first step in response to a ques,on or problem

27 THEORY A tested, well-substan,ated, unifying explana,on consistent with known researched results and having predic,ve power. As new knowledge is gained, theories are refined.

28 FACT GROUNDED, MEASURABLE, OBSERVABLE REALITY

29 CREATING YOUR THEORY OF CHANGE PROBLEM CHANGE AHEAD GREATER GOAL IF I DO THIS WILL I GET THERE? Where is there?

30 CAUSE AND EFFECT The Problem Tree

31 ROOT CAUSES Economic Decline No market informa,on Poor informa,on technologies Loss of access to healthy foods No funds for school fees Insufficient knowledge Limitd extension services Limited training of extension workers No income for household consump,on Households earn less than $2/day Limited access to technology Limited number of extension workers If nothing is done over the next 4 years, the 1350 smallholder farmers of xx will con,nue to demonstrate effects of poverty Dependent upon food imports Poor government policies Loss of produc,ve farm land Poor irriga,on Poor regula,on & management unbanked Rural-Urban migra,on Poor pest management Cross-border migra,on High risk factors No insurance Limited access to capital BLOSSOMING EFFECTS No government subsidies

32 How Does Theory of Change Work? How does it relate to the logical framework? -Iden,fying long-term goals -Backwards mapping and connec,ng the precondi,ons or requirements necessary to achieve that goal and explaining why these precondi,ons are necessary and sufficient. -Iden,fying your basic assump,ons about the context. -Iden,fying the ac,ons that your ini,a,ve will perform to create your desired change. -Developing indicators to measure your outcomes to assess the performance of your ini,a,ve. -Iden,fy the means of measurement

33 GOAL (END STATE, FACTS ON THE GROUND) BUILDING A SMALLHOLDER FARMER COLLABORATIVE AMONG THE 1350 FARMERS OF XXXX THAT INCLUDES PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND MARKETING PROBLEM: SMALLHOLDER FARMERS DEMONSTRATING MEASURABLE EFFECTS OF POVERTY

34 GOAL (END STATE, FACTS ON THE GROUND) BUILDING A SMALLHOLDER FARMER COLLABORATIVE AMONG THE 1350 FARMERS OF XXXX THAT INCLUDES PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND MARKETING IF TEN INDIVIDUAL SHARED INTEREST SAVINGS GROUPS (SISGs) ARE FORMED AMONG 250 FARMERS. PROBLEM: SMALLHOLDER FARMERS DEMONSTRATING MEASURABLE EFFECTS OF POVERTY

35 GOAL (END STATE, FACTS ON THE GROUND) BUILDING A SMALLHOLDER FARMER COLLABORATIVE AMONG THE 1350 FARMERS OF XXXX THAT INCLUDES PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND MARKETING THEN GROUP MEMBERS CAN ACQUIRE SUFFICIENT ECONOMIC POWER TO MAKE FINANCIAL DECISIONS IF TEN INDIVIDUAL SHARED INTEREST SAVINGS GROUPS (SISGs) ARE FORMED AMONG 250 FARMERS. PROBLEM: SMALLHOLDER FARMERS DEMONSTRATING MEASURABLE EFFECTS OF POVERTY

36 GOAL (END STATE, FACTS ON THE GROUND) BUILDING A SMALLHOLDER FARMER COLLABORATIVE AMONG THE 1350 FARMERS OF XXXX THAT INCLUDES PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND MARKETING IF FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES ARE INTRODUCED AT THE BI-WEEKLY SISGs MEETINGS THEN GROUP MEMBERS CAN ACQUIRE SUFFICIENT ECONOMIC POWER TO MAKE FINANCIAL DECISIONS IF TEN INDIVIDUAL SHARED INTEREST SAVINGS GROUPS (SISGs) ARE FORMED AMONG 250 FARMERS. PROBLEM: SMALLHOLDER FARMERS DEMONSTRATING MEASURABLE EFFECTS OF POVERTY

37 GOAL (END STATE, FACTS ON THE GROUND) BUILDING A SMALLHOLDER FARMER COLLABORATIVE AMONG THE 1350 FARMERS OF XXXX THAT INCLUDES PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND MARKETING THEN INFORMED DECISIONS WILL BE MADE REGARDING ADOPTING OR ADAPTING GOOD PRACTICE. IF FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES ARE INTRODUCED AT THE BI-WEEKLY SISGs MEETINGS THEN GROUP MEMBERS CAN ACQUIRE SUFFICIENT ECONOMIC POWER TO MAKE FINANCIAL DECISIONS IF TEN INDIVIDUAL SHARED INTEREST SAVINGS GROUPS (SISGs) ARE FORMED AMONG 250 FARMERS. PROBLEM: SMALLHOLDER FARMERS DEMONSTRATING MEASURABLE EFFECTS OF POVERTY

38 GOAL (END STATE, FACTS ON THE GROUND) BUILDING A SMALLHOLDER FARMER COLLABORATIVE AMONG THE 1350 FARMERS OF XXXX THAT INCLUDES PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND MARKETING IF INFORMATION IS SHARED AND GOOD PRACTICES SPREAD THEN INFORMED DECISIONS WILL BE MADE REGARDING ADOPTING OR ADAPTING GOOD PRACTICE.. IF FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES ARE INTRODUCED AT THE BI-WEEKLY SISGs MEETINGS THEN GROUP MEMBERS CAN ACQUIRE SUFFICIENT ECONOMIC POWER TO MAKE FINANCIAL DECISIONS IF TEN INDIVIDUAL SHARED INTEREST SAVINGS GROUPS (SISGs) ARE FORMED AMONG 250 FARMERS. PROBLEM: SMALLHOLDER FARMERS DEMONSTRATING MEASURABLE EFFECTS OF POVERTY

39 GOAL (END STATE, FACTS ON THE GROUND) BUILDING A SMALLHOLDER FARMER COLLABORATIVE AMONG THE 1350 FARMERS OF XXXX THAT INCLUDES PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND MARKETING THEN INCOMES WILL RISE AND QUALITY OF LIFE IMPROVES AMONG MEMBERS IF INFORMATION IS SHARED AND GOOD PRACTICES SPREAD THEN INFORMED DECISIONS WILL BE MADE REGARDING ADOPTING OR ADAPTING GOOD PRACTICE IF FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES ARE INTRODUCED AT THE BI-WEEKLY SISGs MEETINGS THEN GROUP MEMBERS CAN ACQUIRE SUFFICIENT ECONOMIC POWER TO MAKE FINANCIAL DECISIONS IF TEN INDIVIDUAL SHARED INTEREST SAVINGS GROUPS (SISGs) ARE FORMED AMONG 250 FARMERS. PROBLEM: SMALLHOLDER FARMERS DEMONSTRATING MEASURABLE EFFECTS OF POVERTY

40 GOAL (END STATE, FACTS ON THE GROUND) BUILDING A SMALLHOLDER FARMER COLLABORATIVE AMONG THE 1350 FARMERS OF XXXX THAT INCLUDES PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND MARKETING IF PRODUCTION OF QUALITY INCREASES THEN INCOMES WILL RISE AND QUALITY OF LIFE IMPROVES AMONG MEMBERS IF INFORMATION IS SHARED AND GOOD PRACTICES SPREAD THEN INFORMED DECISIONS WILL BE MADE REGARDING ADOPTING OR ADAPTING GOOD PRACTICE. IF FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES ARE INTRODUCED AT THE BI-WEEKLY SISGs MEETINGS THEN GROUP MEMBERS CAN ACQUIRE SUFFICIENT ECONOMIC POWER TO MAKE FINANCIAL DECISIONS IF TEN INDIVIDUAL SHARED INTEREST SAVINGS GROUPS (SISGs) ARE FORMED AMONG 250 FARMERS. PROBLEM: SMALLHOLDER FARMERS DEMONSTRATING MEASURABLE EFFECTS OF POVERTY

41 GOAL (END STATE, FACTS ON THE GROUND) BUILDING A SMALLHOLDER FARMER COLLABORATIVE AMONG THE 1350 FARMERS OF XXXX THAT INCLUDES PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND MARKETING THEN MORE FARMERS WILL COLLABORATE IN VALUE CHAINS FROM INPUTS TO MARKETS IF PRODUCTION OF QUALITY INCREASES THEN INCOMES WILL RISE AND QUALITY OF LIFE IMPROVES AMONG MEMBERS IF INFORMATION IS SHARED AND GOOD PRACTICES SPREAD THEN INFORMED DECISIONS WILL BE MADE REGARDING ADOPTING OR ADAPTING GOOD PRACTICE. IF FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES ARE INTRODUCED AT THE BI-WEEKLY SISGs MEETINGS THEN GROUP MEMBERS CAN ACQUIRE SUFFICIENT ECONOMIC POWER TO MAKE FINANCIAL DECISIONS IF TEN INDIVIDUAL SHARED INTEREST SAVINGS GROUPS (SISGs) ARE FORMED AMONG 250 FARMERS. PROBLEM: SMALLHOLDER FARMERS DEMONSTRATING MEASURABLE EFFECTS OF POVERTY

42 GOAL (END STATE, FACTS ON THE GROUND) BUILDING A SMALLHOLDER FARMER COLLABORATIVE AMONG THE 1350 FARMERS OF XXXX THAT INCLUDES PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND MARKETING OBJECTIVE 2 MORE FARMERS WILL COLLABORATE IN VALUE CHAINS FROM INPUTS TO MARKETS OBJECTIVE 1 INCOMES WILL RISE AND QUALITY OF LIFE IMPROVES AMONG MEMBERS OUTPUT 2 INFORMED DECISIONS WILL BE MADE REGARDING ADOPTING OR ADAPTING GOOD PRACTICE OUTPUT 1 GROUP MEMBERS CAN ACQUIRE SUFFICIENT ECONOMIC POWER TO MAKE FINANCIAL DECISIONS INPUT 2 FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES ARE INTRODUCED AT THE BI-WEEKLY SISGs MEETINGS INPUT 1 TEN INDIVIDUAL SHARED INTEREST SAVINGS GROUPS (SISGs) ARE FORMED AMONG 250 FARMERS. PROBLEM: SMALLHOLDER FARMERS DEMONSTRATING MEASURABLE EFFECTS OF POVERTY

43 Project Design Elements in a Logical Framework We hypothesize that by transforming Inputs into Outputs we will achieve our Objec@ves, and, in turn, contribute to realizing the Goal. GOAL OBJECTIVES OUTPUTS INPUTS If Purpose, then Goal If Outputs, then Objec@ves If Inputs, then Outputs 43

44 Logical Framework Matrix Core Elements of a Project s Design Narra@ve Summary Goal Indicators Data Sources Assump@ons Objec@ves Outputs Inputs Roadmap for Project Monitoring & Evalua@on

45 Stay within the One Page Guideline for your Logical Framework!

46 Theory of Change Logical Framework ImplementaSon Plan

47 Taking research to action