M. Muniraju. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Economics, Tumkur University,

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1 Indian Streams Research Journal ISSN: ORIGINAL ARTICLE ORIGINAL ARTICLE M. Muniraju Assistant Professor, Dept. of Economics, Tumkur University, Abstract:Agriculture is the backbone for any country's economic development and it creates and for the opportunities of employment and business for the women also as it is a labor intensive industry. Rural entrepreneurship is now a days a major opportunity for the people who migrate from rural areas or semi - urban areas to Urban areas. On the contrary it is also a fact that the majority of rural entrepreneurs are facing many problems due to not availability of primary amenities in rural areas of developing country like India. Lack of education, financial problems, insufficient technical and conceptual ability it is too difficult for the rural entrepreneurs to establish industries in the rural area. Keywords: Agriculture, Rural, Entrepreneur's. RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN THE INDIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR M. Muniraju1 and Jayasheela2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Economics, Tumkur University, 2Professor, Dept. of Studies and Research in Economics, Tumkur University,

2 INTRODUCTION Rural women play a critical role in agricultural production and in the rural economies of developing countries. In the developing world as a whole, agriculture accounted for about 63 percent of total female employment in 1997 and it is still the most important sector for female employment in India. Rural women make major and multiple contributions to the achievement of food security and produce more than half of the food grown worldwide. Women diversify and perform multiple tasks simultaneously to sustain their livelihoods, working on farms and engaging in off-farm activities, as well as continuing their critical role in terms of reproduction. Their responsibilities include the collection of water and fuel, activities that are particularly burdensome in areas with a poor social infrastructure. Within the context of globalization, macroeconomic policies, including those related to economic stability, external debt, taxation, investment, employment and markets, have a direct influence on the livelihoods of rural women, in both the formal and informal sectors. Development of macroeconomic policies must take into account the impact of those policies on rural women to ensure their equal access to resources, services and economic opportunities and to enhance their productivity. The agriculture is the economic face of any country. It is important for the prosperity and growth of the country. The aim is to build the country with the development potential so to give the value of growth to the Indian economy. The demand for the industrial products will be generated if the industrial production is high Fluctuations in agricultural output play a key role in the state of the national economy. Rural consumption of industrial goods is nearly three times that o urban consumption. As a matter of fact, the current spurt in the rural consumption of durable goods has led to redefinition consumer demographics itself. Obviously, there is a direct relationship between agriculture production, income and the demand for industrial goods. Similarly, performance in agriculture also influences total demand via government savings and public investments. Agriculture is the main contributor to national income and it is the primary source of savings and capital formation which influences the economic growth of any economy. Women are associated with agriculture sector are facing the problems of poverty and exploitation which is impacting the total productivity of the Indian agriculture. Yet, women all over the world continue to work hard to make a difference to alter their lives and the lives for others. Woman as a force of development can change the shape of global economy. Women Entrepreneurs have to experience lot of problems in terms of growth challenges to balance the family and career obligations. For the woman entrepreneur, the process of starting and operating a new enterprise can be tremendously difficult in both the formal and informal sectors because she often lacks the skills, education, and social support system to facilitate her efforts. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE QUALITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR THROUGH THE WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA. The status of the women in the Indian economy is low and the government has to promote the education and training of the women to create better economy with the empowered women entrepreneurs India is a rural based economy with majority of population residing in the rural areas. The female workers in the rural economy play an important role to foster employment and prosperity for the growth of the rural sector. The agricultural sector is guided by the low production and outdated technological processes. The growth can be promoted through the better growth of the productivity in the agricultural sector by employing better conditions. The government has to take a policy decision in order to prompt the agriculture and promote the labours and entrepreneurs through providing better credit facilities and good working conditions. The women should be given the legal status in the property so to enhance the ownership rights through the easy legal procedures. The women should be given the training and education to promote the development in a better way. The financial institutions should give loans and credit facilities to the women entrepreneurs so that they are get economic freedom. The rate of interest of on the investment should be low so as to reduce the cost structures. The woman has to be made aware of the markets so that she can sell the products and good with the better prices. 2

3 AREAS OF MICRO-ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA Depending on number of factors ranging from landholdings, subsidiary occupations, agro climatic conditions and socio-personal characteristics of the rural women and her family member the areas of micro-enterprises also differ from place to place. The micro enterprises are classified under two major heads: 1.Micro Enterprise development related to agriculture and allied agricultural activities like cultivating to organic vegetables, flowers, oil seeds and seed production are some of the areas besides taking up mushroom growing and bee-keeping. Some more areas can be like dehydration of fruits and vegetables, canning or bottling of pickles, chutneys, jams, squashes, dairy and other products that are ready to eat. 2.Micro-Enterprise development related to livestock management activities like dairy farming, poultry farm, livestock feed production and production of vermin composting using the animal waste can be an important area in which women can utilize both her technical skills and raw materials from the farm and livestock to earn substantial income and small scale agro-processing units. RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA Who should be capable individuals who happen to be local leaders and NGOs and who are committed to the cause of the rural people have been le of making use of the government policies and schemes for the betterment of rural people? Some catalytic agents for development. Though their efforts need to be recognized yet much more needs to be done to reverse the direction of movement of people, i.e. to attract people in the rural areas. It means not only stopping the outflow of rural people but also attracting them back from the towns and cities where they had migrated. This is possible when young people considered rural areas as places of opportunities. Despite all the inadequacies in rural areas one should assess their strengths and build on them to make rural areas places of opportunities. This is much to do with the way one sees the reality of the rural areas. The way a survivor or job seeker would see things would certainly be different from those who would like to do something worthwhile and are ready to go through a difficult path to achieve their goals. It isn't that there is a dearth of people with such a mindset. But with time they change their minds and join the bandwagon of job seekers due to various compilations. Enabling them to think positively, creatively and Entrepreneurship purposefully is most of the development of rural areas. Young people with such perspective and with the help of rightly channelized efforts would usher in an era of rural entrepreneurship CONDITIONSFACED BY THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN INDIA The agriculture sector has faced the tough conditions of drought and famine which have led to slow growth of the economy and has resulted in poverty of the people. The most of the conditions impacting the agricultural sector are depressing where there are traditional and backward methods of farming resulting in the slow growth of the productivity of this sector. The conditions of the agriculture sector have been changed by the impact of education and development and from the position of a net importer of food grains; our country has now reached the stage of self-sufficiency. Going away from Indian economy, agriculture has its impact on work discipline and power structure. The Indian agriculture has attained both stability and resilience. Output of food grains has been increasing from year to year. Rural women constitute the invisible work force, which keeps the family and the rural economy alive. But they and their labour often go unrewarded or under-rewarded. It must be noted that much of the work that women do is 'invisible' in national accounting and censuses, despite its obvious productive and social worth. Women represent half of the world's population and one third of the official labour force, but they receive only 1% of the world income and own less than 1% of the world's property. In India there are differences in agriculture and farming systems and this impacts the distribution of work between the male and female. The gender dimension is not a supplementary consequence of variation in agricultural practices but a fundamental organizing principle of labour use, stemming directly from differences in resource endowment and the carrying capacity of the land. Variations in farming systems and technology are not demonstrated by aggregate employment and labour force. The agriculture in the India is more important to the women as a source of employment than to men. There are far more women relatively working in the agricultural sector and they impact the productivity of the economy by putting a direct impact on the agricultural industry. The women work in agricultural food crops the men work in the cash economy, either in plantations, in mines, or on their own land, but producing goods for 3

4 export. It has been estimated recently that between sixty and eighty percent of the total agricultural work is done by women and that in some areas they produce as much as ninety percent of the food. This does not include strictly household maintenance work, such as cooking, cleaning, and child care, nor fetching fuel and water, all of which are also predominantly. CHALLENGES FACED BY RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA 1Family Challenges: Convincing to opt for business over job is easy is not an easy task for an individual. The first thing compared is webecome almost impossible to convince that you can generate more cash with your passion than doing what your Dad is doing. This is where it you make more money in the business of your choice or as a successor of family business. 2Social Challenges: Family challenges are always at the top because that is what matter the most but at times social challenges also are very important. Let us say you and your friend graduated at the same time. You opted for entrepreneurship and your friend opted for a job. He now has a flat, car and what not because he could easily get those with a bank loan but you still have nothing to show off and this is where the challenge comes. 3Technological Challenges: Indian education system lags too much from the Job industry as a whole but then it lags even more when it comes to online entrepreneurship. What technology would be ideal and how to use that technology effectively? 4Financial Challenges: (Difficulty in borrowing fund): Financial challenges are a lot different in India especially for online entrepreneurs. When you are starting out as an entrepreneur you don't opt for venture funding but try to go to funding for small to medium business people. Many such non-technical business people don't understand the online business models as a whole and so getting an initial business funding from them becomes challenging. The other option you can think of is a loan but bank loan is not at all an option in India for new online entrepreneurs. 5Policy Challenges: Now and then there is lots of changes in the policies to change in the government. Problems of TRIPS and TRIMS. Problems of raising equity capital, Problems of availing raw-materials, Problems of obsolescence of indigenous technology Increased pollutions Ecological imbalanced. Exploitation of small and poor countries etc. THE BASIC ENTREPRENEURIAL PRINCIPLES SHOULD BE APPLIED TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT. This would result in. Better distribution of farm produce resulting in the rural prosperity. Entrepreneurial occupation rural for youth resulting in reduction of disguised employment and Alternative occupations for rural youth. Formations of big cooperatives like Amul for optimum utilization of farm produce d. Optimum utilization of local resource in entrepreneurial venture by rural youth. CONCLUSION Rural women are not as aware and literate as to handle all the legal and other formalities involving in loan taking and establishing an Industrial Unit. They also lack confidence in their ability to run the entrepreneurship. Need capacity building and training in functional They areas such as finance, literacy skills, marketing, production and managerial skills. The only urgent need is to create a favorable atmosphere to increase self-employment for women and over all developments of the country. Thus,the women entrepreneurs play an important part in the economic development of the rural economy. They have the impact on the production and the quality of the goods. The prosperity and the employment are impacted by the growth agricultural sector. The agriculture is the basic industry and it deals with the rural development.there are bright prospects for rural women entrepreneurship in India. REFERENCES 1.AhirraoJitendra. (2013), Enterpreneurship and Rural Women in India, New Century, New Delhi. 2.NandanwarKalpana P. (2011), Role of Rural Entrepreneurship in Rural Development, International Referred Research Journal, ISSN , Vol. II, ISSUE-26, March. 4

5 3.Saxena Sandeep. (2012), Problems Faced By Rural Entrepreneurs and Remedies to Solve It, Journal of Business and Management, ISSN X, Vol. 3, Issue 1, July-August. 4.Santhi N. and Rajesh Kumar S. (2011), Entrepreneurship Challenges and Opportunities in India, BonfringSTATUS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL INDIA JYOTI BAHL* *Lecturer in Commerce University of Jammu Udhampur Campus, India International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 1, Special Issue, December 5.Charumathi, B., Women entrepreneur s challenges and prospects, in C. Swarajya Lakshmi, ed., Development of Women Entrepreneurship in India: Problems and Prospects (New Delhi, Discovery Publishing House). Entrepreneurship Challenges and Opportunities: Indian Scenario: Dr. VineetChouhan, Lecturer, Sir PadampatSinghania University, Udaipur: Dr. M. L. Vasita, Assistant Professor, Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur and Mr. Dinesh Kumar Vyas, Research Scholar, University of Kota, Kota.RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: N.G.Shah and ReshmaSherkhane, CTARA, Bombaywww.indianblogger.com. 6.Problems of Women Entrepreneurs in India,. SCHEMES FOR DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS, 7.Rural Entrepreneurship in India: Challenge and Problems ; Brijesh Patel1 Kirit Chavda2 Volume 1, Issue 2, July 2013 International Journal of Advance in Computer Science and Management Studies 9.International Labor Office (1999). Safety and health in agriculture. International Labor Organization. pp Hölldobler& E.O. Wilson (1990). The Ants. Cambridge MA: Belknap. WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN THE INDIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR DR. ASHISH MATHUR ZENITH International Journal of Business Economics & Management Research Vol.1 Issue 2, Nov