Shinichi Kobayashi Department of Animal Science and Resources Nihon University

Transcription

1 Consumption and Production of Livestock Products in Japan -The past, Present and Future- Shinichi Kobayashi Department of Animal Science and Resources Nihon University

2 1. The consumption of livestock products since the World War Ⅱ

3 Trend in per capita annual meat consumption kg Total meat Beef Pork Chicken Others The consumption had increased steeply because of the Westernization of eating and reflecting rising income levels.

4 Changing Japanese dietary patterns Meat 5.2kg 30.7kg Milk & mp 22.2kg 93.2kg Eggs 6.3kg 17.6kg Livestock p. 90kcal 435kcal ratio to daily 3.9% 16.5% energy supply

5 Net supply of meat by variety 100% others 80% 60% whale chicken 40% pork 20% 0% beef

6 Growth rate of annual meat consumption(%) meat beef pork chicken others 1960s s s s total Note; average by decades from 1960s to the 90s The rate of growth was not constant but has been declining decade after decade. The rate of growth of consumption varied by varieties of meat.

7 Share of each meat consumption type (estimate) i j Beef Household use Manufacturing Food service industry Pork Household use Manufacturing Food service industry Chicken Household use Manufacturing Food service industry The increase in demand took place more in the food service industry than in the home.

8 Changing Japanese dietary patterns To summarize, the growth of per capita meat consumption during the 1960s and the 1970s had centered on pork and chicken, but in the 1980s beef led the growth of meat consumption. Until early 1990s, beef consumption, especially imported beef, is the meat accounting for most of the growth.

9 International comparison of willingness to consume meat Japan USA Australia Thailand Taiwan China Korea Beef Pork Chicken Turkey Ham & sausage Eggs Milk Yoghurt Cheese Fish Vegetable Fruits Source:Kobayashi,Koizumi,Nagano & others(1994) Note:Consumer attitude index=more - Less(in terms of percentage share of answer)+100 no item in the group of meats of which the above index exceeds 120

10 Changes in willingness to consume meat Beef Pork Chicken Eggs Milk Yoghurt Fish Vegetables Source:Kobayashi,Koizumi,Nagano & others Note:Consumer attitude index=more - Less(in terms of percentage share of answer)+100 The value of the index dropped to 62 in 2002 and recovered to only 64 in 2004 due to the impact of BSE in Japan (2001) and in the USA (2004).

11 Stagnating demand for livestock products the per capita consumption is still low compared to foreign countries difficult to foresee an increase in it up to the level of the Western people Japanese take less calories than people in the West misgivings about excessive intake of calories and fat amid spreading adult illness consuming a lot of fish: 36.0kg in 1994

12 Recent Livestock Diseases & Related Incidents in Japan 1996 E-coli O FMD Snow Brand milk poisoning incident 2001 BSE 2003 BSE(USA) 2004 Avian Influenza

13 Consciousness for the safety of meat Domestic Imported Beef Pork Chicken Fish Note:5-grade answers from "No"(1) to "Yes"(5) The average levels for either domestic or imported meats were relatively low, though domestic meats were always higher than imported ones.

14 Consumer consciousness of agricultural products USA Australia Japan Domestic food are safer than imported ones Farmers produce safe foods Food manufacturers and distributors pay enough attention to safety The government pays enough attention to food safety Source:Kobayashi,Koizumi,Nagano & others Note:5-grade answers from "No"(1) to "Yes"(5) are indexed. As far as food safety is concerned, domestic products are always valued far above imported ones. Consumers simultaneously have a greater distrust of producers, distributors and the government. This reveals a complicated consciousness on the part of consumers in Japan.

15 Food safety The Japanese Government introduced two major policies in terms of food safety after the BSE incidence. First, restructured its organization and created the Food Safety Committee independently from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and also the Ministry of Welfare and Labor in July Second, The beef traceability law has been enforced from December 2003.

16 2. The Characteristics of Livestock Production

17 the Number of domestic animals (index 1950=100) 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, pig dairy cow layer broiler beef cattle

18 The number of livestock farms (unit: 000) dairy cow beef cattle 1,986 2, pig layer 3,754 3,839 1, broiler

19 The Number of animals per farm dairy cow beef cattle pig layer ,046 28,646 broiler - - 3,054 15,796 27,210 36,137

20 The reasons why Japanese livestock industries have developed so rapidly Coarse grain as feed can be imported with no tariff under the feed import policy. Livestock farmers can enlarge their size free from constraint of limited farmland. Import restriction of livestock products and price stabilization system have supported farmers management. Sharp increase in the consumer demand for livestock products stimulated production of livestock products.

21 Sustainable development of the livestock Industry Livestock sectors have been facing several difficulties such as a large volume of rural imports, stagnant demand and helplessness of the price support system.

22 Sustainable development of the livestock Industry

23 Sustainable development of the livestock Industry Need to make clear the raison d etre of livestock farming, Employment Food supply Partner in recycling of resources Utilization and conservation of farm land Landscape conservation etc.,

24 Grazing on a wasted land before after Farm land esp. in the mountainous areas have been abandoned due to economical and social reasons. Grazing cattle is the handy way to conserve farm land.