Insect Losses and Insecticide Use In Arizona Vegetables J. Palumbo, A. Fournier, P. Ellsworth, P. Clay, and K. Nolte

Transcription

1 Insect Losses and Insecticide Use In Arizona Vegetables J. Palumbo, A. Fournier, P. Ellsworth, P. Clay, and K. Nolte 1

2 Crop Insect Losses Working Group Goal: To provide information on insecticide-use patterns, insect-related losses and management costs in Arizona vegetable crops. Information traditionally provided using expert opinion. Improve the process with real world data. Primarily incorporates data from PCAs, Growers, and Agrichemical Industry. Why is this Information Important? Regulatory Section 18 Emergency Exemptions / 24C SLN Defense and Support of older A.I.s (ie. Lannate) FQPA: next go-around endosulfan / pyrethroids Academic Documents the role of new insecticides Quantitative measure of impact of IPM Historic record of insect losses / outbreaks Identifies and prioritizes pest problems 2

3 Why is this Information Important? Industry Translates the PCAs job into economic terms Validates the necessity of PCA to the vegetable industry Emphasizes the significance of insect pests and their management in desert vegetable production Demonstrates value of new pest control technologies Crop Insect Losses Workshops 3

4 Data collection (CIL workshops) Crops and Locations: - Spring Cantaloupes (Central AZ and Yuma) - Spring Watermelons (Central AZ and Yuma) - Fall and Spring Head Lettuce (Yuma) Three Part Survey : Part 1 General Estimates - Overall yield reductions - Management costs Part 2 Crop losses - Economic losses - Yield losses Part 3 Insecticide Use - Treated acreage - Spray frequency Overall Crop Losses (%) Spring Melons 4

5 Overall Crop Losses (%) Cantaloupes ( ) Central Arizona Yuma 26.2 % 23.2 % 0 Weather Chemical Injury Weeds Disease Insects Birds Other Overall Crop Losses (%) Watermelons ( ) Central Arizona Yuma 25.4 % 20.5 % 0 Weather Chemical Injury Weeds Disease Insects Birds Other 5

6 Total Crop Losses (%) 20 Head Lettuce ( ) Fall Lettuce Spring Lettuce 22.5 % 29.3 % Weather Chemical Injury Weeds Disease Insects Birds Other Insect Management Costs Cost ($) of IPM 6

7 Insect Management Costs Cost ($) of IPM IPM Central AZ Melons Yuma Head Lettuce Acreage scouted (%) No. field visits / week Cost ($) / acre $ $ $ $ 5.75 $ 5.15 $ 6.00 Economic Losses ($) Control costs ($) Application frequency (No.) Acres treated (%) 7

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9 Seedling pests Seedling Pests Darkling beetles Beet armyworm 9

10 Economic Losses Cantaloupes ($) Cantaloupes Central Arizona * Does not include Application Costs ($) Yuma Whitefly Darkling beetle Seedcorn maggot Cabbage looper Leafminers Seedling pests Whitefly Cabbage looper Seedcorn maggot Seedling pests Beet armyworm Aphids $ 51 $ Dollar ($) Loss / Treated Acre (Treated acres*no. sprays*control cost) Economic Losses ($) Watermelons Watermelons Central Arizona * Does not include Application Costs ($) Yuma Whitefly Cabbage looper Beet armyworm Spider mites Darkling beetle Seedling pests Whitefly Cabbage looper Beet armyworm Leafminers Spider mites Aphids $ 105 $ Dollar ($) Loss / Treated Acre (Treated acres*no. sprays*control cost) 10

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12 Economic Losses ($) Head Watermelons Head Lettuce Fall Spring Beet armyworm Cabbage looper Whitefly Thrips Seedling pests Flea beetles Aphids Thrips Cabbage looper Beet armyworm Flea beetles Trash bugs $ 327 $ Dollar ($) Loss / Treated Acre (Treated acres*no. sprays*control cost) 12

13 Yield Losses (%) Stand loss Reduced fruit size Uniformity Fruit quality Contamination Application costs Insecticide costs Spray frequency Acres treated Yield Cantaloupes Losses (%) Cantaloupes Central Arizona Yuma Seedcorn maggot Darkling beetle Seedling pests Whitefly Cabbage looper Cabbage looper Whitefly Seedcorn maggot Seedling pests Beet armyworm Leafminers 2.9 % 2.3 % Yield Loss (%) 13

14 Yield Losses (%) Cantaloupes Watermelons Central Arizona Yuma Beet armyworm Whitefly Spider mites Whitefly Cabbage looper Beet armyworm Cabbage looper Seedling pests Darkling beetle 1.6 % 1.8 % Yield Loss (%) Yield Losses (%) Stand loss Reduced head size Uniformity Cosmetic quality Insect contamination 14

15 Yield Losses (%) Cantaloupes Head Watermelons Lettuce Fall Spring Seedling pests Beet armyworm Cabbage looper Flea beetles Whitefly Thrips Aphids Thrips Cabbage looper Seedling pests Beet armyworm % 7.4 Flea beetles % Yield Loss (%) Insecticide Use 15

16 Insecticide Use Central Arizona Cantaloupes Yuma Diazinon Endosulfan Pyrethroids Imidacloprid Success Agri-Mek Bt Courier Intrepid Oberon Treated Acres (% Treated acres * No. sprays) Diazinon Watermelons Watermelons Insecticide Use Central Arizona Yuma Endosulfan Pyrethroids Imidacloprid Success Agri-Mek Bt Courier Intrepid Oberon Treated Acres (% Treated acres * No. sprays)) 16

17 Head Lettuce Head Lettuce Insecticide Use Pyrethroids Fall Spring Success Lannate Imidacloprid Intrepid Diazinon Endosulfan Dimethoate Avaunt Proclaim Treated Acres (*1000) 17

18 Relevant Outcomes Head Lettuce Regulatory FQPA (Lannate) Section 18 (Birds) Academic Industry Lannate / Larvin Use in Head Lettuce Feb 2007 Questions posed by USDA OPMP for the Carbamate Cumulative Risk assessment conducted by the EPA. 1. Typical use rates 2. Typical no. of applications 3. Timing of applications 4. Would both be applied to same crop in same growing season? 5. If so, how often? The concerns involve drinking water. Apparently thiodicarb breaks down into 2 molecules of methomyl and this is complicating the risk analysis as both products can be used on the same crops; head lettuce and sweet corn being of the most concern. 18

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20 Relevant Outcomes Head Lettuce Regulatory FQPA (Lannate) Section 18 (Birds) Academic Educating the educators Cost-effectiveness of IPM Relevancy of Insecticides Research Priorities Industry 20

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22 Relevant Outcomes Head Lettuce Regulatory FQPA (Lannate) Section 18 (Birds) Academic Baseline Data for Education Relevancy of Insecticides Research Priorities Industry Trends in Chemical Use Red Flags Future Trends in Insect Management 22

23 Insecticide Use Fall Head Lettuce Pyrethroids (Foliar) Success Admire Intrepid Pyrethroids (Chem) Lannate Diazinon (Chem.) Proclaim Avaunt Endosulfan % Treated Acres (No. times applied) 23

24 Insecticide Use By Chemical Class Head Lettuce 300,000 Fall Lettuce Spring Lettuce 250, , , ,000 50,000 Reduced Risk Pyrethroid Neonicotinoid OP/Carb Endosulfan 24

25 Insecticide Use By Chemical Class Cantaloupes Central AZ Yuma Treated Acres Reduced Risk Pyrethroid Neonicotinoid OP/Carb Endosulfan Insecticide Use By Chemical Class Watermelons Central AZ Yuma Treated Acres Reduced Risk Pyrethroid Neonicotinoid OP/Carb Endosulfan 25

26 Trends in New Product and Chemistry Development in Desert Vegetable Crops Radiant Alverde Tesoro * Movento Proclaim Coragen Platinum * Synapse Knack Fulfill * Courier * Avaunt Venom Provado Confirm Assail Oberon Admire Success Intrepid Beleaf * * * Confirm Neonicotinoids Pyridine-IGR Thiadiazine-IGR Diacylhydrazine-IGR Spinosyns * Pyridyl azomethine Oxadiazine Reduced Risk * * Ketoenols Pyridyl caboxomide Semicarbozone Pyridalyl Diamides 26