Site. Rudewa-Mbuyuni village. Mkindo village

Transcription

1 Site Rudewa-Mbuyuni village Mkindo village

2 Babati District Irrigation technology Pumping Technology

3 Irrigated Forage Kitchen Garden/Drip Irrigation System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Risk

4 Erosion Chemical Fecal Contamination Malaria Other Water Borne Diseases Water Quantity Balance Water quality Soil quality Other issues? 1) Waste management, particularly for the disposal of irrigation equipment as it wears out/breaks. What is the plan for long-term management of hoses, spigots, well equipment, treadles, pumps, etc? 2) Management of size of small ruminant herds as related to fecal contamination and exclusion from water sources, including wells, streams, wetlands, etc. Is there a max size of ruminant herd expected? 3) Impacts to wetlands and mitigation measures. Erosion Chemical Fecal Contamination Risk

5 Malaria Other Water n Borne Diseases Water Quantity Balance Could be someother issues that would be different than those identifed at the experimental design phase

6 Description FtF In Environm 1. Where will the proje Rudewa-Mbuyuni village is located in Kilosa District in Morogoro Region. The main source of water in the village is the Wami/Rudewa river. Small-scale farmers in Rudewa-Mbuyuni are using both the river and shallow groundwater wells (especially in Batini) for dry season vegetable irrigation as well as growing rice. Women and elderly people form the majority of the farm labor force. Rudewa-Mbuyuni lies within the SAGCOT area. Mkindo village is situated within the Wami sub-basin. The village is located in Mvomero District in the northeast part of Morogoro Region. the village receives a bimodal type of rainfall with peaks in April and December for long and short rains respectively while May to October remains relatively dry. the average rainfall amounts to 1200 mm per annum with variations from 800 mm to 2000 mm. Average monthly rainfall is about 106 mm giving up to 1270 mm of annual rainfall. Rice is the major crop grown in the village along with maize, cassava and bananas. Other crops include beans, millet, peas, potatoes and vegetable. Farming activities like in many other places in Tanzania are mainly carried out by women and elderly people. Mkindo river is the main source of water in the village with a few borewells that are mostly used for domestic use.. Small scale farmers mainly use buckets for water lifting and traditional canals for conveying water to their farms. Morogoro town is the main market of vegetable produce due to its vicinity.

7 Babati District is located below the Equator between latitude 3 and 4 South and longitude 35 and 36 E. The land surface is characterized by a number of undulating hills and mountains as part of the East African Rift Valley Highlands. Babati District is divided by the Dabil-Dareda escarpment of the Rift Valley, providing diverse climatic and agro-ecological conditions due to a wide range of altitudes from 950 m asl. to 2450 m asl. Most of the soils are of volcanic origin and range from sand loam to clay alluvial soils. In the lower flat lands, like around Lakes Babati and Manyara, alkaline soils predominate. Five agro-ecological zones characterize the district. About 90% of the population of Babati District live in the rural areas and depend on agriculture and livestock for their livelihood. They are mostly small-scale farmers or agro-pastoralists practicing a semi-traditional farming system characterized by low use of farm inputs. Mixed crop-livestock, mostly maize-based systems are widely found in the district that are intercropped with varying species, such as common beans, pigeon peas and sunflowers, according to altitude and rainfall availability. In the lowlands, paddy rice is cultivated where irrigation is available. Livestock comprise local breeds of cattle, sheep, goats, chickens and pigs. Cattle are widely used for draught, for example pulling carts or ploughing fields. Their main market for both agriculture and livestock is in Arusha and nearby country of Kenya Purpose and application 2. What type of Pump technologies will be tested in all three sites to evaluate the efficiency, reliability, and farmer acceptance of different pumps used to raise and convey water from surface water resources and shallow groundwater for irrigation of kitchen gardens and small-scale commercial plantings of high-value crops (such as vegetables and forages used for short-term fattening of small ruminants) during the dry season. These technologies will include: solar-thermal and motor pumps.

8 Irrigated forages will be grown in all three sites on small areas within kitchen gardens to evaluate the possibility of fattening small ruminants in the dry season. Irrigation application methods will be tested in kitchen gardens at all three sites. Methods will include traditional (mostly furrow) irrigation currently applied by farmers and drip/trickle irrigation. Economical drip/trickle methods will be applied with and without conservation agriculture practices consisting of residue management and minimum tillage. SRI will be tested in all 2 of the 3 sites. SRI has proved effective in incresing yield and water productivity. Most existing rice schemes in Tanzania are characterized by low productivity and inefficient water use. Due to climate change and the ever increasing population, there is need to increase food production with scarce water resources. Therefore interventions that increase water productivity like SRI are needed. Part A: Experimental Design Mitigation & Mitigation Measures

9 Terracing and/or infiltration enhancement and/or residue management. Appropriate chemical application rates and methods Minimizing livestock manure and human fecal material deposition on the soil, especially near streams and near shallow wells. Minimizing standing water where mosquitoes can breed. Preventing fecal contamination of drinking water is the most important mitigation measure for other water borne diseases. Measurement of depth of shallow water table in irrigation wells. Use of pieziometers in case not enough irrigation wells are available Using irrigation scheduling to increase water use efficiency and limit leaching of salts to groundwater. For SRI, water will be applied and let to dry. In instances where there is drainage water, the farmers will be encouraged to re-use it other fields other than releasing this water to water resources Appropiate fertilization and organic matter enrichment Part B: Post-Experimental Design M Advice on Mitigation Measures In the context of Impact Pathways when the tech If erosion is observed post-experiment, IWMI and SUA will conduct educational programs on soil conserv If agricultural chemical contamination of irrigation water is observed, IWMI and SUA will conduct educat If fecal contaminiation is observed, IWMI, ILRI and SUA will be responsible for farmer training programs o

10 If increases in malaria or standing water are observed, IWMI and SUA will conduct educational programs If other water borne diseases are observed, IWMI and SUA will conduct educational programs appropriat If a water quantity imbalance is observed, IWMI and SUA will conduct educational programs on reducing If other environmental issues are observed, appropriate actions will be taken by IWMI and SUA.

11 nnovation Lab for Small Scale Irrigation ental Monitoring & Mitigation Plan (EMMP) ect apply small scale irrigation? Responsible Party IWMI (Simon Langan), ILRI (Michael Blummel), NCAT (Manuel Reyes) IWMI (Simon Langan), ILRI (Michael Blummel), NCAT (Manuel Reyes)

12 IWMI (Simon Langan), ILRI (Michael Blummel), NCAT (Manuel Reyes) small scale Irrigation will the project apply? Experimental Design (2014 to 2018) Pump technologies will be used to provide water to traditional (furrow) or advanced (drip) application methods. The Application methods, not the lifting technologies will determine water amounts applied. Participatory selection of affordable pumps available to farmers will be undertaken. The selected pumps will be tested on effectiveness in the overall production chain and envirnoment. Credit schemes will be evaluated to help farmers access the pump technologies and inputs. Extension materials on pump selection, operation and maintainance will be developed for easy use and adoption by farmers

13 Irrigated forages will be grown for approximately 150 days at a potential evapotranspiration rate of about 5 mm/d in all the three sites. Assuming irrigation efficiency of 50% for furrow application every 10 to 15 days, we estimate a total water use per dry season of 1,200 mm. Assuming 25 sq meters per garden, as is the standard in Africa Rising sites, the irrigated forage in each garden will consume 30 cubic meters of irrigation water from surface and shallow wells of good quality. High value vegetables will be grown for approximately 100 days at a potential evapotranspiration rate of 5 mm/d at all the three sites. Assuming irrigation efficiency of 50% for furrow application every 10 to 15 days, we estimate a total water use per dry season of 800 mm. Assuming 250 sq meters per garden, each garden will consume about 150 cubic meters of irrigation water from surface water resources and shallow wells using drip irrigation (80% efficiency) and 200 cubic meters for furrow irrigation (50% efficiency). SRI principles that will be tested include: sorting out of seeds; raising seedlings in nursery; early transplanting; single-widely spaced transplants; early and regular weeding; controlled water management (intermittent wetting and drying intervals); and application of compost. measurements that will be carried in comparison with non-sri plots include: applied irrigation water; number of tillers per hill; number of productive tillers per hill; 2-week interval crop development characteristics; biomass harvesting of different treatments; water table level monitoring & Monitoring (EMMP) measures to be implemente Monitoring Measures

14 Visual observation by farmers and researchers Water testing for pesticides, herbicides and plant nutrients (N and P) Water testing for fecal coliform or E. coli in water samples Observation by farmers and SUA of standing water, mosquito populations, and malaria frequency. Water testing for fecal coliform or E. coli in water samples Depth of shallow water table in wells Water testing for pesticides, herbicides and plant nutrients (N and P) Soil testing for nutrients, salinity, sodicity and other trace elements Mitigation & Monitoring (EMMP) measures to be im hnological bundles are put forward for scaling vation technologies. tional programs on chemical management. on livestock manure and/or human fecal waste management.

15 s to minimize standing water and protect human populations from malaria. te to the diseases observed. g irrigation water use and/or increasing irrigaitonwater availability.

16

17 Post-Experimental Design (After 2018): Anticipated Quantity, Quality, and Frequency of water application/year Pump technologies will be used to provide water to traditional (furrow) or advanced (drip) application methods. The Application methods, not the lifting technologies will determine water amounts applied. See estimates below.

18 Total post experimental design water use will be approximately 1,200 mm per dry season. Total consumption per village will depend on the size of irrigated forage area, which will depend on the economic benefits to farmers of employing this technology. We anticipate that both surface and shallow ground water quality is good, and the frequency of application will be every 10 to 15 days. Total post experimental design water use will be approximately 600 mm per dry season for drip irrigation and 800 mm for furrow irrigation. Total consumption per village will depend on the size of irrigated area, which will depend on the economic benefits to farmers of employing this technology. We anticipate that shallow ground water quality is good, and the frequency of application will be every 10 to 15 days for furrow and every 2 to 4 days for drip irrigation. SRI will improve soils' structure, nutrient, water holding capacity and favor soil microbial activities in rice schemes through organic matter enrichment. With SRI, water application is controlled and reduced to estimates of about 50% of traditional rice irrigation methods. During the vegetative growth period, a 1-2 cm layer of water is introduced into the paddy and let to dry until cracks are visible. at that time, another thin layer of water is again introduced until during the flowering period. 2-3 weeks before harvest the paddy field is drained d by the project: Monitoring Frequency

19 Daily. Recall that this experiment will be conducted during the dry season on small plots, and it is unlikely that significant runoff or erosion will occur. No pesticide and herbicide application is planned; therefore, no monitoring will be required. Twice per dry season. Daily or weekly Twice per dry season. Weekly or monthly No pesticide and herbicide application is planned; therefore, no monitoring will be required. Plant nutrients will be tested for twice per dry season Twice per dry season. mplemented by the project:

20

21

22 Where? Rudewa-Mbuyuni village, Mkindo village and Babati District

23 Rudewa-Mbuyuni village, Mkindo village and Babati District Rudewa-Mbuyuni village, Mkindo village and Babati District Rudewa-Mbuyuni village and Mkindo village Responsible Parties Reporting

24 SUA SUA SUA SUA SUA SUA SUA Report due to Dr. Neville Clarke to incorporate in the semi annual reports SUA Reporting Report due to Dr Neville

25 Report due to Dr. Neville Clarke to incorporate in the semi annual reports