PROBLEMS OF PROSPECTS OF FLORICULTURE INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Transcription

1 PROBLEMS OF PROSPECTS OF FLORICULTURE INDUSTRY IN INDIA P KANAKA DURGA DEVI Assistant prfessr, PG Department f Internatinal Business(IB), Sree Saraswathi Thyagaraja Cllege, Pllachi, Cimbatre District, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT Flriculture is the fastemerging and high cmpetitive industry, with the cntinuus intrductin f new cultivatrs and new cultural techniques are changing and hence new prducts and new technlgies are develping with new challenges regarding prductin, strage, packing, marketing, transprtatin and exprt. The main prblem fr exprt f flwers frm India is quality f flwers. Even after that India s flriculture is bming in the wrld flriculture trade. Keywrds: Agri-exprt Zne, GATT, diversificatin Prblems, Intrductin INTERCONTINENTAL JOURNAL OF MARKETING RESEARCH REVIEW Flriculture, r flwer farming, is a discipline f hrticulture cncerned with the cultivatin f flwering and rnamental plants fr gardens and fr flristry, cmprising the flral industry. Flriculture is an ancient farm activity with immense ptential fr generating remunerative selfemplyment amng small and marginal farmers.the develpment, via plant breeding, f new varieties is a majr ccupatin f flriculturists. As distinguished frm nursery crps, flriculture crps are generally herbaceus. FLORICULTURE CROP INCLUDES: Bedding plants, Flwering plants, Pt plants, Fliage plants r Huse plants, Cut cultivated greens, and Cut flwers. DEFINITIONS OF FLORICULTURE: Flriculture is a branch f hrticulture cncerned with the prpagatin f rnamental plants with a fcus n flwering plants specifically. Flriculture is the segment f hrticulture cncerned with cmmercial prductin, marketing, and sale f bedding plants, cut flwers, ptted flwering plants, fliage plants, flwer arrangements, and nn-cmmercial hme gardening. Flriculture, r flwer farming, is a discipline f hrticulture cncerned with the cultivatin f flwering and rnamental plants fr gardens and fr flristry cmprising the flral industry. The develpment plant breeding f new varieties is a majr ccupatin f flriculturists. Flriculture, r flwer farming, is a discipline f hrticulture cncerned with the cultivatin f flwering and rnamental plants fr gardens and fr flristry, cmprising the flral industry. An Open Access, Peer Reviewed, Refereed, Online and Print Internatinal Research Jurnal 1 icmrrjurnal@gmail.cm

2 THE FLORAL INDUSTRY The flral industry is ne f the majr industries in many develping and underdevelped cuntries. Wrld flriculture market Flriculture as an industry began in the late 1800s in England, where flwers were grwn n a large scale n the vast estates (Wikipedia, 2009.)The industry cntinues t advance since that perid. It is a prfitable agri-business thrughut the wrld. The present day flriculture industry is very dynamic and fast grwing. In the 1950s, the glbal flwer trade was less than US $3 billin (The flwer expert, 2008). Recently, the wrld prductin f flriculture prducts was valued at US $40 billin (Getu, 2009). The cuntries like Netherlands, Japan, and United States f America (USA) accunt fr nearly half f the wrld flwer trade. In the 1990s, a niche market was develping fr field-grwn cut flwers, perhaps because many specialty cut flwers can be field-grwn (Armitage and Laushman, 2003; Starmanetal., 1995). Flral Industry is gaining imprtance in develping cuntries like India. 1. The flrist trade f traditinal and cntemprary cut flwers and cut fliage, bth Fresh and dried and value- added prducts like Buquets, Flral Baskets, Flwer Arrangement and garlands. 2. The plant nursery fr prpagatin and supply f plant material including Tissue 3. Culture Plants, Seeds, Bulbs, Crms and ther Prpagated Material. 4. Plant rental service fr supply f huse plants n annual rent fr a specific perid. Flwer based perfume and medicines. Flricultureis prgressing rapidly in the cuntry.in spite f the exprt ptential, the perfrmance f the Indian Flriculture industry has nt been encuraging. Thugh, the exprts f Flriculture prducts are n grwing in the last 7 t 8 years, the industry is nt perfrmingwelland mst f the units have been clsed. Indian flriculture industry is facing a number f prblems related t infrastructure, prductin, strage, packing, marketing, and transprtatinand in exprt cncerned. The prblems faced by flriculture industry are enumerated as fllws: a. Prductin Prblems b. Seasnal Variatin Prblems c. Strage Prblems d. Packing Prblems e. Transprtatin Prblems f. Marketing Prblems g. Exprt Prblems a. Prductin Prblems Hi tech flriculture industry is facing many pre- harvest and pst- harvest prblems. The fllwing are the majr prblems faced by the Indian flriculture industry in prductin stage: High cst f plants(seeds/saplings), Plant Prtectrs Nn availability f High yielding plants Nn availability Disease Resistant plants Attack f Pests, Fungal and Bacterial Diseases Premature shedding f flwer buds Entry f real estate business Irrigatin Prblem Electricity Prblem and Nn Availability f Labrs An Open Access, Peer Reviewed, Refereed, Online and Print Internatinal Research Jurnal 2 icmrrjurnal@gmail.cm

3 b. Seasnal Variatin Prblems: India is rich in bi-diversity and varied agr-climatic regins. There is a great impact f climate change n flwering plants particularly in cmmercial prductin under pen field cnditins. The impact f heat, cld, cntinuus and unpredictable rainfall with strm damage the flwer prductin in the blming span. These are the majr climatic prblems f flriculture industry: Drught Excess Rain Temperature variatin Lack f Rain fall Declining Sil Fertility Strm c. Strage Prblems After the prductin stage, the mst imprtant prblem faced by the flriculture industry is the strage prblem. As flwers are perishable prduce, the flwer strage shuld be clse t the flriculture farms. The fllwing are the strage prblems faced by the flriculture industry in India; Wastage f flwers due t handling damages Seasnal Demand Variatins Less Value Additin in Strage Technlgies Lack f Mdern Material Handling Equipment s Lack f adequate Cld Strage facilities Lack f Technlgy t Keep Freshness Lack f Strage Space fr Perishable Flwers Exrbitant Cld Strage Cst d. Packing Prblems Packing is the mst imprtant pst-harvest prblem faced by the flriculture industry. The quality f the flwer prducts depends upn the gd packaging. The packing sectr als faces varius prblems. They are as belw: Packing materials high cst Strict sanitary regulatins f the cuntry Nn availability f gd packing materials Imprper grading and packing prcedures High Labeling Cst PESTS in Packing Materials Imprper Stuffing f Gds e. Transprtatin Prblems Even if the flwers are prduced, harvested and stred carefully. It is pssible fr the damage f the flwers during transit, due t the temperature, handling, accidents etc., Here are the list f transprtatin Prblems: Pr Air-freight capacity Seasnal Prblems Exrbitant Air Freight Cst Lack f Regular Supply Price Fluctuatin f Inland Carriers An Open Access, Peer Reviewed, Refereed, Online and Print Internatinal Research Jurnal 3 icmrrjurnal@gmail.cm

4 Inadequate facilities fr Timely Supply Lack f Truck/ Vessel availability Lack f Cntainer availability f. Marketing Prblems The market related challenges are the main prblem in imprving the ecnmic status f flriculture prducers frm small grwers t large.it affected the flriculture industry in wrldwide.these are the majr marketing prblems: Lack f Prcuring agency Inadequate Market Infrmatin Delay in Payment f Sale Prceeds Erratic Fluctuatin in Price Lack f Prpaganda frm Gvernment High rate f damages in transit Lack f Training High Cst f Maintenance Lack f infrastructure facilities Frequent emergence f new hybrid varieties Frequent change in preference f cnsumer High cst f packing Very high cmpetitin frm ther cuntries Lack f Prmtinal Strategies g. Exprt Prblems India is 2 nd largest prductin f flwers in the wrld even thugh India s share in the wrld trade f flwers is negligible. There are many prblems related t flriculture exprt. They are: Lack f Awareness in Exprt Dcumentatin Lack f Knwledge in Gvt. Plicies changes Lack f Technical Supprt fr dcumentatin High Imprt/ Exprt clearance prcedures High Inspectin Prcedures Nn availability f Intermediaries High time cnsumable High Pssibilities f Clerical errr Cnclusin In spite f exprt ptential, the perfrmance f the Indian flriculture sectr has nt been encuraging. The flriculture exprts drpped marginally in value terms during the recent years. The industry als facingby several prblems at the prductin level related t small size land hlding day by day. Unavailability f basic inputs and skilled manpwer fr harvesting and pst-harvesting techniques. Pirated seeds and planting material are further adding t the wes f the flwer prducers. Inadequate cld chain management is nt nly affecting the future f flriculture but als having a negative impact n it. At marketing stage majr prblems faced by the Indian flwer exprters are related t prduct diversificatin, differentiatin, vertical integratin and innvatin, quality and envirnmental issue.with increasing invlvement f supermarket in flwer trade, rganizing lgistics is als becming a critical factr fr the flwer exprters. Cnsidering the past experience, it is indigenizing greenhuse technlgy fr cmmercial prductin.prduct diversificatin and value An Open Access, Peer Reviewed, Refereed, Online and Print Internatinal Research Jurnal 4 icmrrjurnal@gmail.cm

5 additin like extractin f il, pigments, prductin f dry flwers shuld be encuraged. Sme mre agr exprt zne shuld be intrduced by the gvernment f India fr prmting exprt f flriculture. By adpting mdern techniques with future sight by the flriculture grwers and exprters definitely vercme this challenges and bstacles in the Indian flriculture industry in future. References INTERCONTINENTAL JOURNAL OF MARKETING RESEARCH REVIEW 1. Sing and Upadhyay(2007), Explring flriculture ptential, Indian Hrticulture- sept-ct 2007, Vlume 54 issued. 2. Sudha M(2006), Ecnmies f greenhuse f cut rse fr exprt, Hrticulture Printer publisher, Jaipur, Daniel Wrkman, trade map, Internatinal Trade Centre accessed n 30 th april Data f Highlights f the freign trade plicy pp Malaisamy, A., et al., Prblems f exprt- riented Units f flriculture/, Financing agriculture, Vl.34, N.1, January- march 2002, pp An Open Access, Peer Reviewed, Refereed, Online and Print Internatinal Research Jurnal 5 icmrrjurnal@gmail.cm