Diversity of Coprophagus p Invertebrates in Korea and Their Role

Transcription

1 Diversity of Coprophgus p Invertertes in Kore nd Their Role in Soil Ecosystem He-Son Bng 1, Min-Su Hn, Kee-Kyung Kng nd Deog-Be Lee Ntionl Acdemy of Agriculturl science, RDA, Rep. KOREA

2 Introduction Animl Dropping Returning vlule nutrients to the soil Insects? Bcteri nd fungi Erthworms Nemtodes

3 Introduction Dung Coprophgus rthropods : it tkes more dys without coprophgus rthropods (Lumret, 1995) demnds 1.7~ 2.2 times Coprophilos microorgnism i

4 Introduction Wht is the prolem? Without invertertes With invertertes Monsoon Run off Decomposition Contminte underground wter Recycling

5 Recycling in Psture y dung eetle Wste (Dung) + Grss Orgnic mtter Microil ctivity it NH 4 + -N, NO 3- -N

6 Introduction Introduction Dung eetle c Burrowers Bll-rollers Dwellers Prcoprid Telecoprid Endocoprid nest nest nest

7 Introduction Koren peninsul No. of species s Burying eetle (Prcorpid) in Kore Rolling eetle (Telecoprid)

8 Ojectives Field tril Ⅰ. In view of the importnce of ech dung eetle in soil enrichment nd grss productivity Pot experiment II. Effects of prcoprid dung eetles ctivity y determining the orgnic mtter nd microil ctivity in soil depth y ech species III. The interction of two soil nimls : Erthworm nd dung eetle

9 Study species Coprini Study species Copris ocuhs (Motschulsky) Onthophgini Onthophgus lenzii Hrold Copris triprtitus Wterhouse Jeju islnd Copris ochus Copris triprtitus Onthophgus lenzii

10 Ⅰ. Field tril Dung eetle Min psture composition orchrd grss (Dctylis glomert L.) tll fescue (Festuc t ruudince Sh Schre.) ) perennil ryegrss (Lolium pereune L.) lflf (Medicgo g stiv L.), kentucky lue grss (Po prtensis L.) 10

11 Field tril (2001) Composition tretments Dung Control 1 kg Dung + 2 pirs 1 kg Dung + 3 pirs 1 kg Dung + 5 pirs C.ochus C.triprtitus O. lenzii 1 kg dung without eetle No dung no eetle C. ochus, C. triprtitus nd O. lenzii(from left). Approx. 1.5 of nturl size. 11

12 Result : Increse in Psture Production g) Yields ( th. Mrch 40 dys Control Only dung Be e tle 1 Be e tle 2 Be e tle Seeding 6th July 27th Aug. 8th Nov. Seson Men dry mtter (g m -2 ± S.D) of herge hrvested from three lm 2 field plots per tretment (2001). The grss seed in the 26 Mrch, 2001 nd the feces nd eetles were plced on the plots 23 My, 2001; 1 is C. ochus, 2 is C. triprtitus nd 3 is O. lenzii. 12

13 Field tril : Soil Physicl Chrcteristic icient(cm/h h) Air perme ility coffei cm 20cm Control Only dung cm 20cm Tretment Comprison of ir permeility coefficients of soil following 172 dys of dung uril ctivity y prcoprid dung eetles 13

14 Field tril ( ) 14

15 Increse in Psture Production Dung + Dung only Control ) Yields (g) c 50 0 Seeding 02. Aug. Oct. 03. July Aug. Oct. Nov. 04.My July Aug. Sept. June Seson The yield (g m -2 ± S.D.) of herge in ech tretment from Dung + eetle = with C. ochus, C. triprtitus nd O. lenzii. Control = without dung nd dung eetles. 15

16 Nitrogen content 5 % N Conc. (Dry Wt.) Dung + Dung only Control 2002.Aug. Aug.23 Sept. Oct.2 Oct.16 Nov July Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Seson Effect of dung eetle on nitrogen content of forge ( ± S.D.) 16

17 Ⅱ. Different niche on ech dung eetle in the field August Dung cm Soil Nu umer of e eetles Aug. C.ochus Aug. C.triprtitus Aug. O.lenzii 10 cm 30 cm Soil depth (cm) Induce different chrcteristics Induce different chrcteristics chnge ech soil depth

18 Ⅱ. Pot experiment dung eetles 0-5cm 5-10cm Soil 10-30cm One pir three pirs Experimentl periods: My to July, 2003 ten pirs

19 Experimentl design Smpling : once week for two months 0-5cm (upper soil) 5-10cm (middle soil) Orgnic mtter, NH N Soil 10-30cm (lower soil) Microil ctivity: Fungi, ctinomycetes, t cteri

20 Results Degrdtion of dung y dung eetle Cst y C. ochus Before dung eetle tretment (left), fter dung eetle tretment (right)

21 Orgnic mtter contents in soil depth ochus O. lenzii C. ochus % Orgnic mtter cm 5-10cm 10-30cm % Orgnic mtter cm 5-10cm 10-30cm % Org gnic mtter cm cm 10-30cm Weeks C. triprtitus c Weeks O. lenzii 5cm cm Weeks C. ochus

22 Nitrogen minerliztion in soil y dung eetles 0-5 cm: upper soil NH4+-N(mg N g-1 C) N(mg N g-1 C NH O. lenzii C.ochus Weeks C.triprtitus Control 2.5 cm middle soil0 0 C) NH4+-N( (mg N g-1 C) cm lower soil c Weeks Weeks Ammonifiction is processed rpidly y dung eetles

23 Microil response 4 WEEKS weeks * Grm Negtive Bcteri e) ls * 103/G (Log Cell Control c 2-2- Grm Negtive Bcteri 2-c c 4 WEEKS * Aeroic cteri 1: C. ochus 2: C. triprtitus 103/G (Log e) Cells * : O. lenzii 1 : 0-5 cm, : 5-10 cm, c: cm 0 Control c c c Yest

24 Actinomycetes response to dung eetles ddition to cow dung for 4 weeks nd 8 weeks pot incution 4 WEEKS * 4 weeks * 104/G Cells * WEEKS 0 Control c 2-2- Actinomycetes 2-c weeks *** 3-c 1: C. ochus Cells * 104/G cm lower soil 2: C. triprtitus 3: O. lenzii 5 : 0-5 cm, : 5-10 cm, c: cm 0 Control c c c Actinomycetes

25 After eing ffected y dung eetle, orgnic N ws trnsferred to the underlying soil s sources of C nd N for microorgnisms. Orgnic mtter nd totl nitrogen incresed s eetle ctivity incresed. Thus orgnic mtter nd totl nitrogen contents in ech soil depth were positively correlted with ech depth microil ctivity.

26 Pot experiment: Feed vlue TDN (totl digestile nutrient), ADF (cid detergent fier), DDI (digestiility dry intke), RFV (reltive feed vlue) Tretment Yield Totl TDN DDI RFV ADF Tops crude (%) (%) (%) (%) + protein in Roots(g) tops(g) Control c Non-side effect

27 Competition in dung pt? Ⅲ. Interction ti etween soil invertertes t Dung Competition? Soil

28 Interction etween een two soil invertertes Mteril : POT (20X 15cm) + erthworm nd dung eetle + dung Method : 1. Decompostion rte 2. Developmentelopment 3. Oviposition Eiseni ndrei Copris triprtitus

29 Breeding seson : need lots of dung Non reeding seson : little of dung A A 28cm

30 Decomposition rtes : non reeding seson Decompo osition rte (% %) ** E5 E10 E20 DB E5+DB E10+DB Tretment Only worms With eetle Decompositon rte y erthworm density nd dung eetle in nonreeding seson *E5: 5 erthworms, E10: 10 erthworms, E20: 20 erthworms, DB: dung eetle,,,, g, E5+DB: 5 erthworms with one pir dung eetle, E10+DB: 10 erthworms with one pir dung eetle ** Tukey s test: p<0.05

31 Decompo osition rte ( %) Decomposition rtes : in reeding seson E5 E5+DB E10 E10+DB E20 DB Tretment Only worms With eetle Decompositon rte y erthworm density nd dung eetle in reeding seson *E5: 5 erthworms, E10: 10 erthworms, E20: 20 erthworms, DB: dung eetle, E5+DB: 5 erthworms with one pir dung eetle, E10+DB: 10 erthworms with one pir dung eetle

32 Weighting worms Weight of erthworm Incresing rte of erthworm weight for decomposition periods. (P<0.05; Tukey's test[systat 9.0])

33 Effect of oviposition Hypothesis Severe competition in the dung Non effect of oviposition Effect on rood lls production in dung eetle with erthworm nd in dung eetle tretment. (E+DB: 5 or 10 erthworm with one pir of dung eetle, DB: one pir of dung eetles x 2 =0.37 P=0.54)

34 Percentge of using dung y two coprophgus 300g dung After 1 month % 5.0% decomposition y worm + dung eetle % to rood ll y dung eetle 62% supply to worm nd microorgnism

35 The wter content limit in dung decomposition y two copophgus invertertes Wter content ~ 78% Wter content ~ 30% 65% y dung eetle By worm 7 d The ltter hlf d Initil decomposition Th l tt h lf decomposition

36 Decomposition Temporl Sesonl Soil Dung Sptil

37 Concluding Remrks Prcoprid dung eetles Conservtion efforts in Koren Growing interest in conservtion of dung eetles

38 Thnk you for your ttention

39 10 Nesting ehvior Copris ochus 12 15cm No.of ro ood lls Shllow depth of chmer Depth of Soil (cm) 33cm Incidence of rood lls of C. ochus t different depths elow ground Field survey

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41 Nitrogen Derived from fertilizer (NDFF) ND DFF(%) % By dung eetle 3.9% 20.1% 0 Without Dung eetle With Dung eetle NDFF = {(Smple Atom % )/( 15 N Ure Atom %-0.366)} X