in focus Statistics Farm structure in Austria 2005 Contents One-third of the holders are women AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES 11/2007 Agriculture

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1 Statistics in focus AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES Agriculture 11/2007 Authors György BENOIST Pol MARQUER Contents Table 1 Labour force by size of the farms 3 Table 2 Agricultural holdings by size.4 Table 3 Land use by size of the farms 5 Table 4 Livestock by size of the farms 6 Farm structure in Austria 2005 One-third of the holders are women This Statistics in Focus is part of a series of country-specific publications on the results of the Farm Structure Survey (FSS) It provides a brief but nevertheless comprehensive insight into the farm structure in Austria. A similar publication was issued in August 2005 presenting the results of the FSS 2003 in Austria. * * * In December 2005 in Austria, about 137 thousand* agricultural holdings had an economic size of at least 1 European Size Unit (ESU). - These holdings employed thousand AWUs (annual work units), the equivalent of thousand persons working full time; - they made use of about 2.7 million ha of agricultural area, which is on average 19.6 ha per holding (compared to 19.3 ha in 2003). Among these 137 thousand agricultural holdings - 44% made use of less than one AWU, while 12% made use of 2 or more AWUs; - 22% used less than 5 ha agricultural area, while 1% used 100 ha or more; - 27% were holdings of the type specialist dairy farming, 12% specialist cereals, oil seed and protein crops, 11% were engaged in cattle rearing and fattening, 9% had dairy farming with cattle rearing and fattening and 9% were specialist vineyard holdings; - 61% of their agricultural area was situated in less favoured or mountain areas; - 13% were organic farms; - 20% benefited from direct investment aid. Among the thousand sole holders - 33% were women; - 25% were aged 55 or more, and 12% were younger than 35 years; - 19% had another gainful activity as their major occupation ha Distribution of utilised agricultural area according to the size of the holdings Table 5 Subsistence farming.7 0 < < < < < =< size in ha Manuscript completed on: Data extracted on: ISSN Catalogue number: KS-SF EN-N European Communities, 2007 Due to differences in the threshold across Member States, the total number of farms is not comparable between countries. This is why the present analysis, including Tables 1-4 and the graphs focus on holdings of at least one ESU. See methodological notes for more information on the concept of the ESU.

2 Austria 2005 Holdings of at least 1 ESU Agricultural labour force persons of which 44% women AWUs Family labour force AWUs Non Family labour force Holders persons of which 33% women AWUs Spouses of the sole holders persons of which 64% women AWUs Other family members persons of which 42% women AWUs regular persons of which 34% women AWUs non regular 4170 AWUs Working full time persons Working full time persons Working full time 5300 persons Working full time 7560 persons Working part time persons Working part time persons Working part time persons Working part time 9580 persons Not working on farm 1180 persons Family labour force Age (years) >= < persons men women 1000 persons holders spouses other family members 100% Tractor use by utilised agricultural area categories 80% 60% 40% no tractor 20% not-owned own 0% < < < 50 >= 50 ha

3 Table 1 Labour force by size of the farms Size of the farms Agricultural area (ha) < < < =< All Livestock (LU*) farms 0 0 <- < 5 5 -< =< Total labour force 1000 annual work units Family labour force 1000 persons annual work units Non-family labour regularly employed 1000 persons annual work units Non regular non family labour force 1000 annual work units Holding managers (1000) women (%) part-time - under 50 % (%) % and over(%) with a basic agricult. training only (%) with a full agricultural training (%) Sole/main holders (1000) women (%) distribution by age (%) - under 35 years from 35 to 44 years from 45 to 54 years from 55 to 64 years years and over part-time - under 50 % (%) % and over(%) with another gainful activity 1 (%) as main occupation as a subsidiary occupation Spouse of sole holder working on the holding (1000) women (%) distribution by age (%) - under 35 years from 35 to 54 years years and over part-time - under 50 % (%) % and over(%) with another gainful activity (%) Other members of the holder s family working on the holding (1000) women (%) part-time - under 50 % (%) % and over(%) with another gainful activity (%) Symbols : not available 0 less than half of the unit or nil * LU = Livestock Unit 1 Refers only to holders who are also farm managers. 11/2007 Agriculture and fisheries Statistics in focus 3

4 Table 2 Agricultural holdings by size Size of the farms Agricultural area (ha) < < < =< All Livestock (LU) farms 0 0 <- < 5 5 -< =< Holdings - total number (1000) by legal personality of the holder (%) - sole holder legal person group holders by employed labour force (%) - under 1 AWU from 1 to less than 2 AWU from 2 to less than 3 AWU AWU and over by economic size (%) - from 1 to less than 8 ESU from 8 to less than 16 ESU from 16 to less than 40 ESU from 40 to less than 100 ESU ESU and over by farm type (%) - specialist dairy farming specialist cereals, oil seed and protein crops specialist cattle rearing and fattening cattle dairy farming, rearing and fattening combined specialist vineyard other types of farming by farming methods (%) - organic farming irrigating with fixed irrigation equipment with crops under glass benefiting of direct investment aids using a tractor (%) with their own tractor using a combine harvester (%) with another gainful activity than agricultural production (%) tourism handicraft processing of farm products wood processing aquaculture renewable energy production contractual work other gainful activities n.a.e Symbols : not available 0 less than half of the unit or nil 4 Statistics in focus Agriculture and fisheries 11/2007

5 Table 3 Land use by size of the farms Size of the farm Agricultural area (ha) < < < =< All farms Livestock (LU) 0 0 <- < 5 5 -< =< Area (1000 ha) Total area of agricultural holdings Ratios Other area Wooded area Agricultural area Arable land Cereals Common wheat and spelt Durum wheat Rye Barley Oats Grain maize Dried pulses Root crops Potatoes Sugar beet Fodder root Industrial crops Tobacco Hops Cotton Rape and turnip Sunflower Soya Fresh vegetables, melons, strawberry outside under glass Flower and ornamental plants outside under glass Forage plants Fallow land Kitchen garden Permanent pasture and meadows Permanent crops Fruit and berry plantation Citrus plantation Olive trees Vineyard Agricultural area per holding (ha) Agricultural area (%) own farmed in less favoured or mountain area organic farmed irrigated Symbols : not available 0 less than half of the unit or nil 11/2007 Agriculture and fisheries Statistics in focus 5

6 Table 4 Livestock by size of the farms Size of the farm Agricultural area (ha) < < < =< All farms Livestock (LU) 0 <- < 5 5 -< =< Total livestock (1000 LU) of which grazing (%) Grazing livestock (1000 heads) Equidae Bovine animals Under 1 year From 1 to less than 2 years Dairy cows Other cows Other bovine animals 2 years and older Sheep Goats Granivores Pigs (1000 heads) Piglets < 20 kg Breeding sows Other pigs Poultry (million heads) Broilers Laying hens Other poultry Rabbits, breeding females (1000 heads) Beehives (1000) Average size of herds* Equidae (head/holding) Cattle (head/holding) Dairy cows (head/holding) Other cows (head/holding) Sheep (head/holding) Goats (head/holding) Pigs (head/holding) Breeding sows (head/holding) Other pigs > 20 kg (head/holding) Rabbits, breeding females (head/holding) : : : : : : : : Laying hens (1000/holding) Broilers (1000/holding) Beehives (hive/holding) : : : : : : : : Symbols : not available 0 less than half of the unit or nil * Number of animals of a given livestock category per holding with this kind of animal. 6 Statistics in focus Agriculture and fisheries 11/2007

7 Table 5 Subsistence farming Absolute figures % of total Total < 1 ESU* >= 1 ESU < 1 ESU* >= 1 ESU Regular labour force (1000 persons) Regular labour force (1000 AWU) Holders (1000 persons) at least 65 years old having another gainful activity Number of holdings (1000) producing mainly for own consumption : : producing mainly for direct sales using a tractor Standard Gross Margin (SGM) (1000 ESU) Agricultural area (1000 ha) owned farmed Livestock (1000 LU) Symbols : not available 0 less than half of the unit or nil *) Holdings which have fodder areas without livestock (e.g. Almgemeinschaft) are included. METHODOLOGICAL NOTES The survey on the structure of agricultural holdings in Austria was carried out in December 2005 on a sample basis. The last full-scale agricultural census was conducted in The reference date of the farm structure survey 2005 was 1 st December However for labour force characteristics the reference period was the preceding 12 months; for area-related characteristics the crop year 2005; and for poultry: the day preceding the last emptying between 1 st November and 1 st December Information was taken from administrative sources, like IACS, the cattle register and the agrienvironmental program (ÖPUL). The target population consisted of all operating agricultural and forestry holdings in the farm register updated with newly established units. An agriculture and forestry holding is a single unit, both technically and economically, which has a single management and which produces agricultural and forestry products (but may provide also non-agricultural products and services). Only holdings which exceeded certain thresholds (e.g. 1 ha UAA, 25 ares vineyard, 3 cattle, 5 pigs, etc.) were taken into account. Holdings in the target population were classified into 8-16 strata in each province using a combination of total area and arable land, or based on livestock population, intensive labour force input or significant permanent crop areas. Strata with large farms had higher sampling rates. The total number of holdings in the sample is 40 thousand. For each activity (`enterprise`) on a farm (for instance wheat, dairy cow or vineyard), a standard gross margin (SGM) is estimated, based on the area (or the number of heads) and a regional coefficient. The sum of such margins in a farm is its economic size, expressed in European Size Units (ESU). 1 ESU is equal to 1200 euros. Each farm is classified in the community typology by its economic size and its type of farming, depending on the share of each enterprise in its economic size. For instance, a farm where breeding sows account for more than 2/3 of the economic size, is classified as specialist pig rearing (type 5011). Depending on the level of aggregation, farms are grouped into 8 to 70 types. Annual work unit (AWU) is equivalent to a worker employed on a full time basis for one year. In Austria it is 2000 hours (250 working days of 8 working hours per day). Livestock Unit (LU) is equivalent to a dairy cow. The number of animals (number of heads) is converted into LU using a set of coefficients reflecting the feed requirements of the different animal categories. Subsistence farming refers here to all farms below 1 ESU economic size (holdings which have fodder areas without livestock (e.g. Almgemeinschaft) are included). Note that the number of farms cannot be compared between countries due to the differences in coverage of FSS. REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS Zahl der land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Betriebe bei eingependelt, Statistik Austria, Press release 25 October 2006, Wien Allgemeine Viehzählung 1. Dezember 2005, Rapid report (Schnellbericht1.2), Statistik Austria, Wien Agrarstrukturerhebung 2005 Betriebsstruktur, Rapid report (Schnellbericht 1.17), Statistik Austria, Wien Website of the Statistik Austria: National Methodological Report FSS 2005 (available on request) 11/2007 Agriculture and fisheries Statistics in focus 7

8 Further information: Data: EUROSTAT Website/Theme: Agriculture and Fisheries/Data Agriculture, forestry and fisheries Agriculture Agricultural - main indicators Economic accounts for agriculture and forestry Structure of agricultural holdings Results of the farm structure surveys from 1990 onwards General overview Land Use Livestock Management and work on the holding Journalists can contact the media support service: Bech Building Office A4/125 L Luxembourg Tel. (352) Fax (352) eurostat-mediasupport@ec.europa.eu European Statistical Data Support: Eurostat set up with the members of the European statistical system a network of support centres, which will exist in nearly all Member States as well as in some EFTA countries. Their mission is to provide help and guidance to Internet users of European statistical data. Contact details for this support network can be found on our Internet site: A list of worldwide sales outlets is available at the: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 2, rue Mercier L Luxembourg URL: info-info-opoce@ec.europa.eu