THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE. BACKGROUND IN AGRICULTURE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IN JORDAN Agr. Eng.

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1 THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE BACKGROUND IN AGRICULTURE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IN JORDAN Agr. Eng. KHALAF AL-RAGAD

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3 LOCATION: Middle East (Border countries: Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria, West Bank, Israel) GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATERS: N E CLIMATE: Mostly arid desert AND rainy season (November to April) ELAVATION: *Lowest 408m (Dead Sea) *Highest 1734 (Jabal Rum) LAND USE: *Arable land: 2.67% *Permanent crops: 1.83% *Others: 95.5 %

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5 ARAE: Total: sq km Land; sq km Water; 329 sq km Coastal line:26 km ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS 12 GOVERNORATES ( the capital-amman AND the other divisions are, Al-aqapa, Al-balqa, Al-karaqk, Almafraq, Irbid, Maan, Madaba, AJlone, Attafilah, Azarqa, Jarash) POPULATION (JULY 2005) Growth rate 2.56% / year

6 RELIGIONS: Muslims (Sunna) 92% Christian 6% others 2 %( shiaa and Druze) LANGUAGE: Official (Arabic) Widely understood (English)

7 GDP COMPOSITION BY SECTOR Agriculture 2.4% Industries 26% Services 71.5% ENVIRONMENT CURRENT ISSUES: Limited natural fresh water resources Deforestations Overgrazing Soil erosion Desertification

8 National goals for agriculture sector Increase the ratio of food self-sufficiency. Develop, protect and optimize the use of agriculture recourse. Increase farmers and agricultural workers income and improve their living standards. Achieve social and economic equity between agriculture and other economic sectors, and also within agriculture itself. Achieve the utmost integration of agriculture production among the countries.

9 CONSTRAINTS TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Limited availability of water as well as the deteriorating quality of the water available for agriculture. Soil deterioration. High production costs and poor production practices. Limited diversity of crops. Marketing problem for crops. Land fragmentation and expansion of urban areas. Plant diseases and pests. Lack effective extension and technology transfer systems

10 WATER RESOURCES Jordan is characterized by a pronounced scarcity of renewable fresh water resources, which averages an about 680 MCM per year, or approximately 135 m3 per capita for all the uses. Thus, Jordan's water recourses are, on a per capita basis, among the lowest in the world. The water recourses of Jordan consist of groundwater and fossil water which extends in the aquifers in the d different depths thought out Jordan, of surface water flows from precipitation in the Jordan river basin, from an increasing amount of treated waste water effluent, and from nonconventional water resources such as brackish water. Existing renewable annual water resources in Jordan are estimated at about: 277MCM of groundwater resources 347 MCM of an average exploitable surface water 55MCM of an average available wastewater Total 679 MCM To be added with non-renewable or to be developed sources 143 MCM available from fossil aquifers 50 MCM of brackish water after desalination Total 193 MCM Grand total average water resources per year 872 MCM

11 Annual Water Demand per Sector /MCM ( ) SECTOR Municipal and tourism Industrial Agriculture Total

12 Production (1000 ton) Area (1000 Dunum) Production (1000ton) Area (1000 Dunum) Production (1000 ton) Area (1000 Dunum) 25*) 1, *) , , , , Fields crops Vegetables Fruit trees Olives 2,074 1,676 3,012 1,428 2,468

13 Item Number Production Broilers Layers 2,164 farms 284 farms tons of meat 888 Million eggs Sheep & Goats Dairy Cattle 2.5 Million heads 70 thousand heads tons of red meat. Milk tons tons of milk

14 An increase in random construction outside urban planning zones. The fragmentation of agricultural land, converting larger parcels into small production units unsuitable for mechanized agriculture. Continuous decline in the area of productive agricultural land, due to the encroachment of urban activities on agricultural lands The poor management of rangelands, the destruction of plant cover, weakening of productive capacities of rangelands The deterioration of the rangeland s natural vegetation due to overgrazing.

15 The fluctuation of rainfall from one season to another, and its irregular seasonal distribution. A continuous decline in the quantity of fresh water available for agriculture, and the continued deterioration of its quality. Groundwater depletion resulting from over-pumping. Continued encroachment on forestland through uncontrolled grazing, illegal tree cutting, and using forestlands for government and civil uses. Shortage in rehabilitation and social care programs for the agricultural labor, which leads to an exodus from the agricultural sector to other sectors

16 Strategy Projects for Agricultural Development Development of Agricultural Entrances. Development of Agricultural Resources. Wadi Al-Arab Basin Development. Wadi Husban Basin Development. Wadi Shoaib Basin Development. Al-Kaffrain Dam Basin Development. Management of Agricultural Entrances (lower basin of King Talal Dam). Zarqa River Basin Development. Management of Agricultural Resources. Rehabilitation of Water Cannels and springs. Rehabilitation and Development of Rangelands.

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