WILDLIFE INDUSTRY AND COMMUNITIES

Transcription

1 WILDLIFE INDUSTRY AND COMMUNITIES Land Reform and Biodiversity Stewardship Initiative Learning Exchange 9-12 February 2015 Lizanne (E.J.) Nel Manager Conservation South African Hunters and Game Conservation Association

2 CLEAN WATER SPIRITUAL CLEAN AIR CARBON FIXATION FLOOD MITIGATION AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMSCLEAN WATER LIVELIHOODS HERITAGE POLLINATION RECREATION NATURAL MEDICINE FOOD SECURITY

3 SELECTIVE BREEDING LAND CLAIMS SETTLEMENTS MINING FORESTRY ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF WILDLIFE EXTENSIVE WILDLIFE AREAS Ecosystem Services R73 bil or 3% GDP EXTENSIVE PRIVATE LAND / GAME FARMS COMMUNAL AREAS PROTECTED AREAS HOW DO WE PERFORM IN GENERATING PROFITS?

4 RETURN ON INVESTMENT PRIVATE LAND / GAME FARMS COMMUNAL AREAS PROTECTED AREAS Available land Funding Capacity Support? Profitability? Well-being?

5 RETURN ON INVESTMENT PRIVATE LAND / GAME FARMS GF s mil ha marginal land - wildlife 16.8% national estate 3x land of formal PA GF 16 mil head of game - PA 6 mil ROI GF 13,5% vs Livestock 5% GF R220/ha vs Livestock R80/ha 2013: Local hunting R6.3 bil, Trophy hunting R1.1 bil, Game sales R1 bil Hunting 70% wildlife industry Tourism 10.6% of GDP COMMUNAL AREAS? PROTECTED AREAS

6 THE BASELINE CONSTITUTION - SECTION 24 - Environment Everyone has the righta) to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being; and b) to have the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations, through reasonable legislative and other measures that- (i) prevent pollution and ecological degradation; (ii) promote conservation; and (iii) secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting justifiable economic and social development.

7 IUCN Sustainability speaks directly to societal & financial values i.t.o. the need to protect the future by providing for the needs of the present while not compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs FINANCIAL PROFITS & SUSTAINABILITY. VALUE Generated OUTWEIGH IMPACT of Activity Brundtland Report (1987) ALL PEOPLE S WELLBEING King III Corporate Governance TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE

8 Child, B Presentation to the Scientific Authority Jansen, D. J., I. Bond, et al. (1992). Cattle, wildlife, both or neither? A survey of commercial ranches in the semi-arid regions of Zimbabwe. Harare, WWF Multispecies Animal Production Project: 203 plus appendices. OPTIONS AVAILABLE... Wildlife Enterprises 48% financially profitable 79% economically profitable (internalized costs) Livestock Enterprises 5% were profitable 80% 70% Financial Economic 80% 70% Financial 60% 60% 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% Profitable Marginal Loss 0% Profitable Marginal Loss

9 Economic output For Landholder (Financial) BIODIVERSITY ECONOMY Hunting Tourism Livestock: commodity production Wildlife: bio-experience economy More from less Economic efficiency Meat Viability Meat Meat EXTENSIVE WILDLIFE SYSTEMS Ecological inputs Child, B Presentation to the Scientific Authority RESPONSIBLE NATIONAL HERITAGE

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11 BIODIVERSITY RISKS/IMPACTS DIRECT Reduced use options Genetics Habitat loss /degradation Habitat fragmentation Predator persecution Animal Welfare INDIRECT Domestication Loss of parasite/disease resistance Disruption of evolutionary processes - adaptability Diversion of scarce conservation resources Veterinary risk Domesticated / Animals outside natural range - not conservation Escalation in price of land Disinvestment in extensive areas reduced contribution of private sector to conservation targets

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13 PRICE INSTABILITY FINANCIAL RISK Probability distribution EBIT Color Variants Hooggendijk, 2011 Common species with existing consumer market High Risk Low Risk TIME Rational investors will minimize risk by holding portfolios.

14 EXTENSIVE WILDLIFE SYSTEM NAMIBIA 1996: Conservancy legislation granted wildlife and tourism rights to rural communities 4 Conservancies in 1998, 24 in 2007 Rare wildlife in rural communities ZIMBABWE Campfire BOTSWANA CBNRM wildlife tourism hunting

15 SUCCESSFUL RURAL BIO-ECONOMY

16 PREFERRED PROVINCES TO HUNT NWU, 2013

17 AVERAGE SPENDING - HUNTING TRIP NWU, 2013

18 RESPONSIBLE WILDLIFE USE MODELS

19 FINANCIAL RETURNS ON LAND NEAR KRUGER Private Land R2-8,000/ha Rich institutions Communal Land R232/ha Annual output from land use activities in Benda Mutali communal area Activity Total Output Output per Hectare 1 Output per Household Crops 97, Livestock 1,737, ,048 Natural 2,537, ,451 Resources Labor 1,017, ,785 Total 5,389, ,455 1 Area based on mapping exercise with community to calculate spatial extent of production, estimated to be 23,200 hectares. Greg Parent research on how market access reduces vulnerability and use of natural resources (in prep) De-institutionalised Dual Economy Child, B Presentation to the Scientific Authority

20 Goal: Viable landuse options with efficient + sustainable use of resources OUTCOMES Sustainable rural development Local beneficiation for communities Responsible resource use Strategy: legal entities + internalize costs and benefits locally + partnerships Manage externalities: Regulation and incentives Emphasis: Design + manage solutions locally through collective action Scaling down then scaling up Development nodes focus interventions Costs + benefit internalized OWNERSHIP How do we get there? Adapted from Child, B Presentation to the Scientific Authority

21 BIODIVERSITY ECONOMY NODES PARTNERSHIPS FINANCIALLY VIABLE LANDUSE MODELS

22 CLEAN WATER SPIRITUAL TOURISM FLOOD MITIGATION AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMSCLEAN WATER LIVELIHOODS HERITAGE POLLINATION RECREATION NATURAL MEDICINE FOOD SECURITY

23 THANK YOU Lizanne (E.J.) Nel Manager Conservation South African Hunters and Game Conservation Association