field guide elevate your PERFORMANCE

Transcription

1 field guide 2012 elevate your PERFORMANCE

2 contents canola Nexera TM canola P. 03 weed control Attain TM XC P. 08 Benchmark TM P. 12 Eclipse TM III P. 14 Edge TM Granular P. 16 Frontline TM XL P. 20 Frontline 2,4-D XC P. 22 Liquid Achieve P. 24 Lontrel TM 360 P. 26 Maverick TM III P. 28 OcTTain TM XL P. 30 PrePass TM XC P. 34 Prestige TM XC P. 38 Simplicity TM P. 42 Spectrum TM P. 48 Stellar TM P. 50 Tandem TM P. 52 Vantage TM Plus MAX II P. 56 grass ProDuction Restore TM P. 60 Grazon TM P. 62 Reclaim TM P. 64 DiSeASe control Dithane TM DG Rainshield P. 68 insect control Lorsban TM 4E P. 72 HerbiciDe HeLP Cereal crops growth stages P. 76 Nozzle selection P. 78 Sprayer cleaning process P. 80 Tank mix order P. 82 Brome control P. 83 Thistle control P. 84 Herbicide groups P. 86 Herbicide resistance P. 87 2,4-D and MCPA rates P. 92 The information in the 2012 Field Guide is a basic introduction only to the guidelines for use of Dow AgroSciences products. Before use, and for complete information, read and follow the product label.

3 At Dow AgroScienceS, our overall mission and vision is to create success in the field for you, our customer. This means delivering innovative high-performance products, creating new value in and from agriculture, and ultimately increasing the production of the global food supply. To accomplish this, we take a disciplined approach to our product research and development. We listen closely to what our customers are telling us about what they need to make their farm businesses more functional and profitable. From there, we translate that into product solutions. It is our vision to bring innovation to life. Making that a reality starts with our people, with each interaction whether by phone, or meeting over coffee. Our aim is to build trusting, productive relationships with our customers through sales representatives at the local level, our national Solutions Center and our web site, Today, you ll find Dow AgroSciences delivering success to farmers fields with product solutions that include broadleaf and grass control options, insect and disease protection, Nexera canola and a full complement of range and pasture management tools. At Dow AgroSciences, we take your success seriously because if you are successful, we are, too. We look forward to working with you. Sincerely, Jim wispinski President & CEO Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc. 1

4 it S A HYBRID

5 GUSHER. HeALtHier yields by the bushel. even more Profit by the bottle. Now the profit is really flowing, with Nexera TM canola Roundup Ready and Clearfield hybrids.

6 HeALtHier farming. HeALtHier returns. nexera canola needs to be on your farm. Here s why. High-yielding hybrid explosion: four new Nexera canola Roundup Ready and Clearfield hybrid options offer superior agronomic performance. Confidence in superior hybrid performance: yield potential equivalent to any competitive canola hybrid plus the advantages of the Clearfield or Roundup Ready weed control system. Strong value chain support: Dow AgroSciences > growers > retailers > contractors > food industry. Skyrocketing demand for heart-healthy Omega-9 Oils results in secure delivery off your farm. Healthier profits due to Omega-9 Oil premiums. Contracts offer higher $$ per bushel more than commodity canola. $94.5 million paid to growers in the last three years. there has never been a higher-yielding, higher-value opportunity for canola growers. Learn more at HeALtHier DemAnD. DemAnD for HeArt-HeALtHy omega-9 oils is Skyrocketing. new omega-9 oil markets in food processing, plus continued growth in the restaurant/fryer business Frito-Lay, Weaver Popcorn, Trail s End Boy Scout Popcorn, A&W, Boston Pizza, Earls and more new omega-9 oil markets Healthier eating is accelerating Omega-9 Oil demand Adoption by US food companies is doubling Nexera canola demand Increased demand has secured reliable Nexera canola movement your omega-9 oil contracting partners Growing new markets, customers and choices for the canola grower 4

7 HeALtHier HybriDS. now the profit is really flowing. with nexera canola roundup ready and clearfield hybrids. With new Nexera canola Roundup Ready (RR) and Clearfield (CL) hybrids, you ll see superior agronomic performance: Early season and season long hybrid vigor Excellent lodging resistance for easier swathing Excellent harvestability Consistently higher hybrid yields The highest canola profits in western Canada nexera Hybrid 1012 rr vs. commodity canola nexera Hybrid 1014 rr vs. commodity canola $600 $500 Average return ($/acre) $500 $400 $300 $200 $ $ Average return ($/acre) $400 $300 $200 $ $ $100 $100 $0 Nexera Hybrid 1012 RR Commodity RR Check $0 Nexera Hybrid 1014 RR Commodity RR Check nexera Hybrid 2012 cl vs. commodity canola $500 $400 $ $ nexera Hybrid 2014 cl vs. commodity canola $500 $400 $ $ Average return ($/acre) $300 $200 Average return ($/acre) $300 $200 $100 $100 $0 Nexera Hybrid 2012 CL Commodity CL Check $0 Nexera Canola Hybrid 2014 CL Commodity CL Check 5

8 HeALtHier varieties. Healthier profits and strong field performance: nexera canola nx4 varieties. nx4 105 rr For canola growers in mid- and longseason growing zones. Yield potential equivalent to RR. Very good lodging resistance for easier swathing. The convenience and weed control of the Roundup Ready system. nx4 106 rr For canola growers in mid- and shortseason growing zones. Yield potential similar to RR. Very good lodging resistance for easier swathing, very good harvestability. The convenience and weed control of the Roundup Ready system. $500 $500 $ $ $400 $ $400 $ Average return ($/acre) $300 $200 $100 Average return ($/acre) $300 $200 $100 $0 NX4-105 RR RR $0 NX4-106 RR RR nx4 107 rr For canola growers in mid- and longseason growing zones. Equivalent yield potential to competitive varieties. Excellent lodging resistance for easier swathing, excellent harvestability. The convenience and weed control of the Roundup Ready system. nx4 205 cl For canola growers in all growing zones of western Canada. High yield potential and higher profit potential than competitive canola varieties. Very good lodging resistance for easier swathing, very good harvestability. The advantages of the Clearfield system. $500 $500 $400 $ $ $400 $ $ Average return ($/acre) $300 $200 $100 Average return ($/acre) $300 $200 $100 $0 NX4-107 RR NX4 105 RR $0 NX4-205 CL 45P70 6

9 Dow AgroSciences is a recognized leader in providing high-performance herbicide solutions that increase the efficiency and productivity of agriculture. We offer the most complete range of weed control products which makes us leaders in Cereal Herbicide Performance. Frontline TM XL, PrePass TM XC, OcTTain TM XL, Prestige TM XC, Stellar TM, Simplicity TM and Tandem TM. Targeted solutions like these are designed to work on your farm and in your fields, so you can accomplish more.

10 XtrA-concentrAteD excellence on today S toughest broadleaf weeds. Attain XC herbicide is extra-concentrated excellence on 40 of today s toughest broadleaf weeds in all soil zones in western Canada. Control kochia, stork s bill, round-leaved mallow, and much more. Available in bulk Total pallet treats 960 acres (low rate) or 1280 acres (high rate). This product can be purchased in ¼ pallet units that treat 240 acres or 320 acres. controlled n Blue lettuce 1 n Bluebur n Burdock n Cleavers n Clover (sweet) n Cocklebur n Dandelion 2 n Docks n Dog mustard n Field bindweed 1 n Field horsetail 1 n Field peppergrass n Flixweed n Goat s-beard n Gumweed n Hairy galinsoga n Hedge bindweed n Hoary cress 1 n Kochia 3 n Lady s-thumb n Lamb s-quarters n Leafy spurge 1 n Oak-leaved goosefoot n Plantain n Prickly lettuce n Ragweed n Redroot pigweed n Round-leaved mallow n Russian thistle n Shepherd s-purse n Smartweed n Stinkweed n Stork s-bill n Sunflower (annual) n Tansy n Tartary buckwheat n Vetch n Volunteer canola (all types) n Volunteer flax n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard n Wild radish Suppressed n Annual sow thistle n Canada thistle 1 n Chickweed 3 n Hemp-nettle n Perennial sow thistle 1 1 Top growth control only. 2 Spring rosettes. 3 Including ALS resistant biotypes. 8

11 ALternAte rate option Cereal growers can use Attain XC at 53 acres/case and still receive the excellent control of kochia that they have come to expect. Attain XC also provides outstanding control of volunteer flax, cleavers, wild mustard, and many more weeds in cereal crops. controlled n Bluebur n Burdock n Cleavers n Clovers (sweet) n Cocklebur n Flixweed n Field horsetail 1 n Goat s-beard n Hoary cress 1 n Kochia 2 n Lamb s-quarters n Plantain n Prickly lettuce n Ragweed n Shepherd s-purse n Stinkweed n Sunflower (annual) n Vetch n Volunteer flax n Volunteer canola n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard n Wild radish For heavy weed populations, larger weeds or poor growing conditions use the higher rate of Attain XC (40 acres/case). When tankmixing with Simplicity, it is recommended to use the 53 acres/case rate. Simplicity provides cross spectrum control of grass and broadleaf weeds so together this combination provides superior broadleaf weed control. 1 Top growth control only. 2 Including ALS resistant biotypes. 9

12 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of barley, durum wheat and spring wheat. rate 53 acres/case or 1,280 acres/pallet. For heavy weed populations, larger weeds or poor growing conditions use the higher rate of 40 acres/case. Water volume: 40 L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Crop stage: 3 leaf expanded up to flag leaf. Weed stage: 1 to 6 leaf, or as indicated on the product label. rainfast Attain XC is rainfast in one hour. tank mixes For grass weed control, Attain XC can be mixed and applied with Simplicity, Liquid Achieve, Assert, Everest, Horizon, and Puma brands. Simplicity provides cross spectrum weed control of grass and broadleaf weeds. Together, Simplicity and Attain XC provide such superior broadleaf weed activity that it is recommended to use Attain XC at a rate of only 53 acres/case when tank mixing with Simplicity. Check the tank-mix partner labels for registered crops and additional restrictions. crop rotations The year following application of Attain XC, fields can be seeded to all major crops. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. 10

13 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of barley, durum and spring wheat. Forage grasses: see label for complete listing. rate 40 acres/case or 960 acres/pallet. Water volume: 40 L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Crop stage: 4 leaf to flag leaf. Weed stage: 1 to 6 leaf, or as indicated on the product label. rainfast Attain XC is rainfast in one hour. tank mixes For grass weed control, Attain XC can be mixed and applied with Liquid Achieve, Assert, Everest, Horizon, and Puma brands. Check the tank-mix partner labels for registered crops and additional restrictions. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Attain XC A, then Attain XC B. 3. Add the required tank-mix partner and the adjuvant recommended for that partner. 4. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Optimum performance occurs when both crops and weeds are actively growing and not exposed to prolonged stress periods. Stress may be created by unseasonably cool conditions, drought or high temperatures. Wet foliage at time of application may result in reduced weed control. crop rotations The year following application of Attain XC, fields can be seeded to all major crops. grazing & harvest Do not permit lactating dairy animals to graze fields within seven days after application. Do not harvest forage or cut for hay within 30 days after application. Withdraw meat animals from treated fields at least three days prior to slaughter. Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days after application. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 11

14 the best on buckwheat. Benchmark sets a new benchmark for wild buckwheat control, as well as providing enhanced control of kochia and Russian thistle. This product is a high-performance broadleaf weed herbicide for use in barley, durum wheat, and spring wheat. Benchmark offers tank-mix flexibility, no re-cropping restrictions, and two modes of action to manage herbicide resistance. Available in bulk controlled n American nightshade n Bluebur n Chickweed n Cleavers n Cocklebur n Common groundsel n Cow cockle n Kochia 1 n Lady s-thumb n Lamb s-quarters n Ragweed n Red-root pigweed n Russian thistle 1 n Shepherd s-purse n Smartweed n Stinkweed n Tartary buckwheat n Velvet leaf 2 n Volunteer canola 3 n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard Total pallet treats 800 acres. This product can be purchased in ¼ pallet units that treat 200 acres. Suppressed n Annual sow thistle n Hemp-nettle n Perennial sow thistle 1 1 Apply before 5 cm high. 2 Apply before 8 cm high. 3 Including herbicide-tolerant canola varieties except Clearfield canola. 12

15 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of barley, durum wheat, and spring wheat. rate 40 acres/case or 800 acres/pallet. Water volume: 40 L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Crop stage: 2 to 6 leaf. Weed stage: 1 to 4 leaf, or as indicated on the product label. rainfast Benchmark is rainfast in two hours. tank mixes For grass weed control, Benchmark can be tank mixed with Simplicity, Axial, Horizon, Traxos or Puma brands. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Benchmark A, then Benchmark B. 3. Add the required tank-mix partner and the adjuvant recommended for that partner. 4. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Benchmark contains a contact herbicide that requires uniform coverage for optimum weed control. Be sure to use registered water volume rates and ensure uniform spray patterns. Optimum performance occurs when both plants and weeds are actively growing and not exposed to prolonged stress periods. Stress may be created by unseasonably cool conditions, drought or high temperatures. Wet foliage at time of application may result in reduced weed control. crop rotations The year following application of Benchmark, fields can be seeded to all major crops. grazing & harvest Do not cut the treated crop for hay or graze treated crop within 30 days of application. Do not harvest the treated crop within 60 days of application. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 13

16 the most complete weed control AvAiLAbLe in roundup ready canola. controlled n Canada thistle 1 n Chickweed n Cleavers Eclipse III herbicide offers the convenience of a one-pass solution for improved control of wild buckwheat, dandelion and thistle problems in Roundup Ready canola. Along with the broad-spectrum weed control you expect from a premium glyphosate, two modes of action in Eclipse III provide season long control of Canada thistle. It comes as an economical pre-pack, saving you money and hassle. n Corn spurry n Cow cockle n Dandelion 1 (<15 cm diameter) n Green foxtail n Hemp-nettle n Kochia n Lamb s-quarters n Lady s-thumb n Night-flowering catchfly n Perennial sow thistle 1 n Quackgrass 1 n Redroot pigweed n Russian thistle n Shepherd s-purse n Smartweed n Stinkweed n Volunteer canola (except Roundup Ready canola varieties) n Volunteer cereals n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard n Wild oats n Wild tomato Suppressed n Dandelion 1 (>15 cm diameter) 1 Season long control. Refer to pages for more information on thistle control. 14

17 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops Roundup Ready canola. rate 40 acres/case. Water volume: 40 L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Crop stage: 2 to 6 leaf. rainfast Eclipse III is rainfast in four to six hours. tank mixes No registered tank mixes. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use Do not use galvanized steel or unlined steel tanks as a combustible gas may be formed. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Eclipse lli A, then Eclipse lli B. 3. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Do not apply if rainfall is forecast for the time of application. Treat crops during warm weather when weeds are actively growing. Best results are obtained when Canada thistle is actively growing and soil moisture is adequate for rapid growth. Do not treat weeds under poor growing conditions such as cool, dry conditions, drought stress, disease or insect damage as reduced weed control may result. Reduced results may occur when treating weeds heavily covered with dust. Reduced results may occur if water containing soil is used, such as water from ponds and unlined ditches. crop rotations The year following application, fields can be seeded to wheat, oats, barley, rye (not under-seeded with legumes, clover or alfalfa), forage grasses, flax, canola or mustard, or can be summerfallowed. For pea rotation rainfall from June 1 to August 31 in the year of application must be greater than 140 mm (5.5 inches) and annual rainfall must be greater than 175 mm (6.9 inches). grazing & harvest Allow three to five days before grazing treated areas. Do not apply beyond the recommended pre-harvest interval. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 15

18 DePenDAbLe, SeASon Long, Pre-emergent control of grass AnD broadleaf weeds in PuLSe AnD oilseed crops. Edge Granular is a pre-emergent herbicide for pulse and oilseed crops, providing early removal and extended control of both broadleaf and grass weeds, including wild buckwheat, kochia and green foxtail. Unlike post emergent herbicides, Edge disrupts the growth of weed seedlings before they even get started. As a Group 3 herbicide, Edge provides a unique mode of action, ensuring an unpleasant surprise for early spring competitors. Weeds never get a chance to compete with the crop. controlled n Barnyard grass n Blueweed n Chickweed n Corn spurry n Cow cockle n Green foxtail 1 n Kochia n Lamb s-quarters n Prostrate pigweed n Purslane n Redroot pigweed n Wild buckwheat n Yellow foxtail Suppressed n American nightshade n Black nightshade n Cleavers n Hemp-nettle n Lady s-thumb n Russian thistle n Volunteer barley 3 n Volunteer wheat n Wild oats 2 1 Edge Granular will not control trifluralin-tolerant biotypes. 2 Under high wild oat pressure, subsequent post-emergent grass herbicide treatment may be necessary. 3 Suppression of volunteer barley will be enhanced by management practices which promote germination of volunteer barley prior to seedbed preparation. 16

19 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of canola, lentils, yellow mustard, field peas, alfalfa, and many other pulse, oilseed and special crops. See label for complete listing. rate Spring: kg/ac. Fall: kg/ac. First incorporation should be done within 24 hours of application. Second incorporation should be done at right angles to the first. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Fall: Between September 1 and soil freeze-up. Spring: Apply prior to seeding crop. optimizing performance Pre-emergent Edge can be used in all canola varieties, including HTC systems, as a base treatment to simplify spray timings, reduce or eliminate early weed competition and provide season-long control of flushing weeds. In conventional tillage, Edge is incorporated (spring or fall) in the top three to four inches of the soil, where weed seeds germinate. Research work has been conducted on the use of Edge in direct seeding systems. Conditions tested were in fields where minimum tillage was practiced for a minimum of two years. When Edge Granular was applied to the soil surface and received a very shallow harrow operation to spread straw cover in field and direct seeded with less than 30 percent disturbance. Edge provides acceptable control of green foxtail, lamb s-quarters, wild buckwheat along with suppression of wild oats, volunteer wheat, cleavers and chickweed. Not all weeds controlled in conventional tillage are controlled with Edge in direct seeding. Crops stressed by cold weather, excessive moisture or drought may be injured by Edge. Dry soil conditions between application and emergence may result in decreased weed control. management practices For fields where Edge is surface-applied in spring or fall, follow-up with a preseed burndown to assist in the removal of early germinating weeds that may not be susceptible to the herbicide and those weeds that emerge before Edge becomes fully activated. Research shows that the use of a pre-seed burndown (Vantage Plus MAX II, or other glyphosate) is proven to be an excellent practice to manage winter annual and early germinating weeds. To optimize the removal of early flushing weeds, a pre-seed burndown should be applied a minimum of 10 days following Edge application. grazing & harvest Do not graze the treated crop or cut for hay. 17

20 management PrActiceS As more farms adopt reduced tillage and new crops in their rotations, weeds such as kochia, wild buckwheat and herbicide-resistant wild oats are taking advantage of the shift. conventional tillage and edge. In conventional tillage, incorporate Edge in the top three to four inches of the soil. Weed seeds are distributed throughout the tillage layer, so incorporation places the active ingredient in the zone of weed seed germination. Use recommended incorporation procedures as outlined on the Edge label. Edge can be applied in either spring or fall. Direct seeding and edge. A new concept in applying granular pre-emergent herbicides involves spreading the granules, then using harrows to improve contact with the soil surface, thus reducing tillage. Direct seeding fits one of the key application principles of preemergent herbicide chemistry: put the active ingredient where the weed seeds germinate. In direct seeding, that s at or very near the soil surface. In fields under zero tillage for two years or more, germinating weed seeds become concentrated within approximately one inch of the soil surface. Putting the product where weeds germinate Edge Granular Weed Seed Depth Chart (inches) Conventional tillage and Edge Putting the product where weeds germinate Edge Granular Weed Seed Depth Chart (inches) Direct seeding and Edge 18

21 From current research and farm trials, six management practices have been shown as critical for the successful use of Edge in direct seeding. 1. Residue must be spread evenly. Clumps of chaff have reduced effectiveness of this Edge application concept. 2. Best results have been observed when fields being surface-treated with Edge have been direct seeded for at least two years prior to application. 3. Granules must be spread evenly using a properly calibrated applicator. Research shows a light harrow operation moves granules to the soil surface layer and traps them there. 4. Research has illustrated that in fields receiving a surface application of Edge, the use of a pre-seed burndown (Vantage Plus MAX II, or other glyphosate) must occur to control weed growth before the Edge has fully activated. It is important that the pre-seed burndown occur a minimum of 10 days after a spring surface application of Edge. 5. After fall application of Edge, ensure a spring pre-seed burndown controls the first flush of weeds. Edge will not be activated in time to control the first flush of weeds. 6. Observations show that existing label rates are appropriate for surface treatment in fall or spring. Research only. benefits of early weed removal on canola yield Ω50 40 yield (bu./ac.) week after crop emergence 2 weeks after crop emergence 3 weeks after crop emergence time of weed removal Source: N. Harker/G. Clayton Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada. 19

22 10 years Strong. 40 million AcreS AnD counting. controlled n Ball mustard For cereal growers in the black soil zone, Frontline XL herbicide is the trusted standard in flexible, reliable broadleaf weed control in cereal crops. It provides premium, widespectrum control in all varieties of barley, oats, durum wheat, spring wheat and winter wheat. Only Frontline XL delivers consistently better broadleaf weed control than Refine SG, Buctril M or Target with no need for additional broadleaf tank mixes. Its unique combination of Group 2 and Group 4 modes of action has made Frontline XL the trusted and reliable standard for controlling cleavers and chickweed. 10 years. 40 million acres. It s not just loyalty. It s legacy. Available in bulk n Burdock 2 n Cleavers n Chickweed n Common ragweed n Cow cockle n Flixweed n Hemp-nettle 3 n Lamb s-quarters n Prickly lettuce 2 n Redroot pigweed 3 n Shepherd s-purse n Smartweed n Stinkweed n Volunteer canola 1 n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard Suppressed n Annual sow thistle n Canada thistle 3 n Dandelion 4 n Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard n Perennial sow thistle n Plantain (top growth) n Stork s-bill Total pallet treats 1200 acres. This product can be purchased as individual drums that treat 240 acres each. 1 Including all herbicide-tolerant canola varieties. 2 Up to the 4 leaf stage. 3 For heavy infestations, add 47 ml/ac. MCPA EsterLV600. See chart on page Seedling, overwintered rosettes <15 cm. 20

23 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of barley, oats, durum, spring and winter wheat. rate 40 acres/case or 240 acres/drum. Water volume: 40 L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Crop stage: 2 leaf expanded up to 6 leaf. Weed stage: 1 to 4 leaf, or as indicated on the product label. rainfast Frontline XL is rainfast in two hours. tank mixes For grass weed control, Frontline XL can be tank mixed with Simplicity, Axial, Assert, Everest, Horizon, and Puma brands. Do not tank mix with Liquid Achieve. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Frontline XL. 3. Add the required tank-mix partner and the adjuvant recommended for that partner. 4. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Optimum performance occurs when both plants and weeds are actively growing and not exposed to prolonged stress periods. Stress may be created by unseasonably cool conditions, drought or high temperatures. Wet foliage at time of application may result in reduced weed control. crop rotations The year following application of Frontline XL, fields can be seeded to all major crops. grazing & harvest Do not graze treated crop or cut for feed within seven days of application. Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days of application. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 21

24 SuPerior PerformAnce AgAinSt winter AnnuAL broadleaf weeds. Frontline 2,4-D XC provides superior control of winter annual broadleaf weeds, as well as a widespectrum of annual broadleaf weeds including kochia and Russian thistle. Frontline 2,4-D is a selective post emergent herbicide that controls a wide range of broadleaf weeds in all varieties of durum, spring and winter wheat. controlled n Annual sow thistle n Annual sunflower n Ball mustard n Bluebur n Burdock n Chickweed n Cleavers n Cocklebur n Common ragweed n Dandelion 4 n Flixweed n Kochia 2 n Lady s-thumb n Lamb s-quarters Suppressed n Canada thistle (top growth control) n Hemp-nettle n Perennial sow thistle (top growth control) n Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard 3 n Plantain n Prickly lettuce n Redroot pigweed n Russian thistle n Shepherd s-purse n Smartweed n Stinkweed n Tartary buckwheat n Vetch n Volunteer canola 1 n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard n Wild radish 1 Including all herbicide-tolerant canola varieties. 2 Up to 5 cm in height leaf stage. 4 Seedlings, overwintered rosettes. 22

25 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of durum, spring and winter wheat. rate 40 acres/case, 60 acres/case when mixed with Simplicity. Water volume: 40 L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Crop stage: 3 leaf expanded up to 6 leaf. Weed stage: 1 to 4 leaf, or as indicated on the product label. rainfast Frontline 2,4-D is rainfast in two hours. tank mixes For grass weed control, Frontline 2,4-D can be tank mixed with Simplicity, Everest, Assert and Puma brands. Simplicity provides cross spectrum weed control of grass and broadleaf weeds. Together, Simplicity and Frontline 2,4-D provide such superior broadleaf weed activity that it is recommended to use Frontline 2,4-D at a rate of only 60 acres per case when tank mixing with Simplicity. When Frontline 2,4-D is mixed with Everest, application can be made to spring wheat with up to four leaves plus two tillers (4 to 6 total leaves). Green foxtail and wild oats should be no larger than four leaves plus two tillers (six total leaves). Puma brands are tank mixed at half-rate for green foxtail control only. Do not tank mix with Liquid Achieve. Check mix partner label for registered crops, mixing instructions and additional restrictions. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. 1. Fill the sprayer with ¾ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Frontline 2,4-D A, then add Frontline 2,4-D B. 3. Add the required tank-mix partner and the adjuvant recommended for that partner. 4. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Optimum performance occurs when both plants and weeds are actively growing and not exposed to prolonged stress periods. Stress may be created by unseasonably cool conditions, drought or high temperatures. Wet foliage at time of application may result in reduced weed control. crop rotations The year following application of Frontline 2,4-D, fields can be seeded to all major crops. When Frontline 2,4-D is mixed with Everest, fields may be rotated to spring wheat, durum wheat, or summerfallow. grazing & harvest Do not graze treated areas within seven days of application. Do not harvest for livestock feed until 30 days after treatment. Withdraw meat animals from treated fields at least three days before slaughter. Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days of application. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 23

26 built for barley. Barley and wheat growers trust their grass weed control to safe, flexible Liquid Achieve herbicide. Dependable, reliable and it works. Good thing you planted barley. Good thing you applied Liquid Achieve. controlled n Barnyard grass n Green foxtail (wild millet) n Persian darnel n Volunteer oats n Wild oats n Yellow foxtail Available in bulk Total pallet treats 2400 acres. This product can be purchased as individual drums that treat 480 acres each. 24

27 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All types of barley, fall rye, spring rye, triticale and durum, spring and winter wheats. Also cereal crops underseeded to legume forages: alfalfa, bird s foot trefoil, clover and sainfoin. rate 40 acres/jug, 80 acres/case, or 480 acres/drum. Water Volume: L/ac. Ground Equipment. Water Volume: L/ac. Aerial Equipment. Turbocharge must be added at a rate of 0.5% v/v. Turbocharge adjuvant sold separately. when to apply Crop Stage: 2 leaf to flag leaf. Weed Stage: Wild oats 1 to 6 leaf; other grasses 1 to 4 leaf, or as indicated on the product label. rainfast Liquid Achieve is rainfast in one hour. tank mixes For broadleaf weed control, Liquid Achieve can be tank mixed with Attain XC, Prestige XC, Lontrel 360, 2,4-D Ester, Curtail M, Buctril M, MCPA Ester, Mextrol, Pardner, Thumper and Trophy. Refer to the product label of the tank-mix partner for timing and other restrictions. Liquid Achieve is not compatible with Group 2 herbicides such as Refine Extra, Refine SG, Triton, Benchmark, Frontline XL or Frontline 2,4-D. Liquid Achieve is not compatible with amine formulations of 2,4-D or MCPA. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. 1. Fill tank ½ full with water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Liquid Achieve. 3. Add the required broadleaf tank-mix partner if required. 4. Add Turbocharge. 5. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Hard Water: Always add ammonium sulfate first at kg/100 L of water or 1.0% v/v when water analysis indicates bicarbonate ion levels are 400 ppm or greater. Optimum performance occurs when both plants and weeds are actively growing and not exposed to prolonged stress periods. Stress may be created by unseasonably cool conditions, drought or high temperatures. Wet foliage at time of application may result in reduced weed control. crop rotations The year following application of Liquid Achieve, fields can be seeded to all major crops. grazing & harvest Do not permit lactating dairy animals to graze fields within 16 days of spraying. Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days after application. Observe tank-mix partner label directions. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 25

28 exceptional in-season thistle control for oilseed AnD cereal crops. controlled 1 Lontrel 360 herbicide contains the most effective active ingredient available for thistle control, right down to the roots. Group 4 Lontrel translocates throughout plants for complete in-season control of Canada and sow thistle and a 73 percent thistle stand reduction in the year after application. Flexible rate options offer customization for your thistle problems and production budget in canola and other crops. n Canada thistle (top growth) 2 n Perennial sow thistle (top growth) n Alsike clover n Common groundsel n Common ragweed n Red/white clover n Scentless chamomile n Tufted vetch n Vetch n Volunteer alfalfa n Wild buckwheat Suppressed n Ox-eye daisy n Sheep sorrel 26 1 The performance of Lontrel 360 is rate dependent. Control is achieved at the rate of 227 ml/ac. (0.56 L/ha) or higher. 2 Refer to pages for more information on thistle control.

29 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops A wide variety of oilseeds, cereals and grasses. Lontrel 360 can also be applied along fence lines and on non-crop land. Refer to the product label for a complete list of crops. rate ml/ac. Water volume: L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Crop stage: Canola, 2 to 6 leaf; cereals, 3 leaf to flag. Weed stage: Canada thistle, rosette to pre-bud. rainfast Lontrel 360 is rainfast in four to six hours. tank mixes For additional broadleaf and/or grass weed control, Lontrel 360 can be tank mixed with most commonly-used grass weed herbicides, including Odyssey, Poast Ultra, Select, Vantage Plus MAX ll, Roundup WeatherMAX, and MCPA Amine or Ester. Check mix partner labels for registered crops and additional restrictions. In Roundup Ready Canola, choose Eclipse III. In Clearfield canola, choose Absolute from BASF. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Lontrel Add the required tank-mix partner and the adjuvant recommended for that partner. 4. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Treat crops during warm weather when weeds are actively growing. Best results are obtained when Canada thistle is actively growing and soil moisture is adequate for rapid growth. Under cool or dry conditions, control of Canada thistle may be severely reduced. crop rotations The year following application, fields can be seeded to wheat, oats, barley, rye, forage grasses, flax, canola or mustard, or can be summerfallow. grazing & harvest Crops or areas treated with this product may be grazed immediately following treatment. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 27

30 Low cost, effective weed control. Maverick IIl hebicide is an effective non-serviced glyphosate option for weed management as a pre-seed burndown, chemfallow and pre or post harvest application. It provides excellent non-selective weed control at a budget price. controlled n Annual grass weeds n Annual broadleaf weeds n Volunteer crops (except Roundup Ready varieties) n Winter annual weeds n Perennial grasses/sedges n Perennial broadleaf weeds 28

31 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops Apply before planting all crops. Pre-harvest applications in wheat, barley, oats, canola, flax, peas, lentils, dry beans, soybeans, and forages. Chemfallow, pasture renovation, and forage, legume and grass establishment. rate Rates are tailored to weed control needs in particular applications. Refer to the product label. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Time application to the vegetation stages described in the annual and perennial weed control sections of the label. Timings have been recommended to provide adequate leaf surface to receive the spray. Un-emerged plants arising from underground rhizomes or rootstocks of perennials will not be affected by the spray and will continue to grow. For this reason, best control of most perennial weeds is obtained when treatment is made at late growth stages approaching maturity. rainfast Maverick III is rainfast in one hour. tank mixes Tank mixes with some products are registered for summerfallow and post harvest uses. However, growers can achieve better results more conveniently by applying PrePass XC in summerfallow and post harvest uses. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. Do not use galvanized steel or unlined steel tanks as a combustible gas may be formed. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Maverick lll. 3. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Heavy rainfall immediately after application may wash the chemical off the foliage. Frost that kills more than 40 percent of the above-ground tissue will reduce control. Heavy dust layer on leaves will reduce control. crop rotations There are no crop rotation restrictions following a Maverick lll application. grazing & harvest Do not apply to any crops if grown for seed. Consult malt buyers before using pre-harvest on malt barley. All portions of the treated crops may be fed to livestock. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 29

32 upgrade to octtain tm. Introducing OcTTain XL herbicide, a new level of broadleaf control that is more effective and goes on a little easier than Buctril M, Target or Thumper. OcTTain XL works through the synergy of multiple active ingredients to provide high-powered postemergent control of a broad spectrum of broadleaf weeds including hard-to-kill annual broadleaf weeds like cleavers, kochia and wild buckwheat. controlled n Bluebur n Blue lettuce n Burdock n Canola (volunteer) n Cleavers n Clovers (sweet) n Cocklebur n Dandelion 2 n Docks n Dog mustard n Flixweed n Field bindweed 1 n Field horsetail 1 n Field peppergrass n Gumweed n Goat s-beard n Hairy galinsoga n Hedge bindweed n Hempnettle n Hoary cress 1 n Kochia 3 n Lady s-thumb n Lamb s quarters n Leafy spurge 1 n Mustards (except green & grey tansy) n Oak-leaved goosefoot n Plantain n Prickly lettuce n Ragweed n Redroot pigweed n Round-leaved mallow n Russian thistle n Shepherd s-purse n Smartweed n Stork s-bill n Stinkweed n Sunflower (annual) n Tansy n Tartary buckwheat n Vetch n Wild buckwheat n Wild radish n Volunteer flax Suppressed n Canada thistle 1 n Common chickweed 3 n Sow-thistle 1 (perennial) n Sow-thistle (annual) 1 Top growth control only 2 Spring rosettes 3 Including biotypes resistant to Group 2 herbicides that inhibit the ALS enzyme. 30

33 upgrade to octtain XL. Here S why. OcTTain XL delivers improved broadspectrum weed control and ease of use over Buctril M or Thumper. This peace of mind means more value to growers. It is available in an easy to use co-formulation that does not require mixing. OcTTain XL is also readily tank-mixable with your preferred grass herbicides, and provides excellent crop safety. The systemic Group 4 mode of action means exceptional control of kochia, wild buckwheat, and a wide array of other broadleaf weeds. weeds controlled octtain XL buctril m thumper Flixweed Kochia Russian thistle Volunteer flax Wild buckwheat Exceeds standard Standard Below standard (suppression) Available in bulk Total pallet treats 1200 acres. This product can be purchased as individual drums that treat 240 acres each. tote package treats 960 acres. 31

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35 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of durum and spring wheat and spring barley. rate 40 acres/case 240 acres/drum 960 acres/tote Water volume: L/ac. when to apply Crop stage: 4-leaf to flag-leaf stage Weed stage: 1 to 6 leaf or as indicated on the product label leaf stage rainfast One hour. tank mixes OcTTain XL can be mixed with Liquid Achieve, Everest, Horizon, Assert, Puma 120 Super and Simplicity. mixing instructions 1. Fill sprayer tank ½ full of water. 2. Start sprayer tank agitation. 3. Add the required number of jugs of OcTTain XL. 4. If required, add the required number of jugs of 2,4-D Ester. 5. Complete filling the sprayer tank with sufficient water to spray 100 L of spray mixture per hectare. 6. Follow sprayer directions and precautions as outlined above, especially when applying next to sensitive crops (e.g., canola and legumes). 7. Follow sprayer clean-up directions as listed. optimizing performance Optimum performance occurs when both crops and weeds are actively growing and not exposed to prolonged stress periods. Stress may be created by unseasonably cool conditions, drought or high temperatures. Wet foliage at time of application may result in reduced weed control. crop rotations Fields can be seeded to all major crops the year following OcTTain XL application. grazing and harvest Do not permit lactating dairy animals to graze fields within seven days after application. Do not harvest forage or cut hay within 30 days after application. Withdraw meat animals from treated fields at least three days before slaughter. Do no harvested treated mature crop within 60 days after application. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 33

36 nothing HitS HArDer SPring, fallow or fall. Nothing hits harder, lasts longer, or is serviced better than PrePass TM XC herbicide pre-seed burndown. Fall through spring, it delivers maximum control of tough weeds for up to 21 days with SoilActive TM technology. For easier seeding and maximum weed-free growth of your cereal crop in the spring, trust PrePass XC. Available in bulk Total pallet treats 1200 acres. This product can be purchased in ¼ pallet units that treat 300 acres. tote package treats 1200 acres. controlled n Canada fleabane n Chickweed n Cleavers n Common ragweed n Crab grass n Dandelion 1 n Downy brome n Flixweed n Giant foxtail n Green foxtail n Hemp-nettle n Kochia n Lady s-thumb n Lamb s-quarters n Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard n Persian darnel n Redroot pigweed n Russian thistle n Scentless chamomile n Shepherd s-purse n Smartweed n Stinkweed n Volunteer barley n Volunteer canola (all types) n Volunteer flax n Volunteer wheat n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard n Wild oats Suppressed n Annual sow-thistle n Perennial sow-thistle Spring and fall SoilActive tm extended control n Canada fleabane n Chickweed 2 n Cleavers 2 n Common ragweed n Dandelion seedling n Flixweed n Hemp-nettle 2 n Lady s-thumb n Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard n Redroot pigweed n Shepherd s-purse n Smartweed n Stinkweed n Volunteer canola (except Clearfield ) n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard 1 Seedling, over-wintered rosettes, mature plants up to 30 cm in diameter. 2 PrePass XC will not provide extended control of ALS resistant broadleaf weeds. 34

37 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops Barley, oats, durum and spring wheat may be seeded following a spring or fall application of PrePass XC. Chemfallow treatments with PrePass XC, sprayed before August 1st may be seeded to any crop the following spring. rate 40 acres/case. 1,200 acres/pallet or tote package. Water volume: L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Spring: Consider spraying about one week before you are ready to seed since SoilActive control will take care of flushing weeds. In low disturbance seeding (less than 30 percent disturbance), application can occur on the same day as seeding. In conventional tillage, a three day delay is advised to ensure optimum dandelion control. Apply no later than 48 hours after seeding, prior to any crop emergence. chemfallow: Apply when weeds are actively growing and are in the 1 to 4 leaf stage. fall: Spray PrePass XC after harvest from late September to freeze-up. For southern regions, wait until October 1st or later. rainfast PrePass XC is rainfast in 30 minutes. tank mixes Vantage Plus MAX II. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. Do not use galvanized steel or unlined steel tanks as a combustible gas may be formed. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of PrePass XC A, then PrePass XC B. 3. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Weed control is optimized by warm moist conditions that promote active weed growth, small weed size, competitive crop and good growing conditions after application. Weeds hardened off by cold weather or drought stress may not be adequately controlled or suppressed. Re-growth may occur. If the foliage of the weed is wet at the time of application, control may be reduced. Frost that kills more than 40 percent of the above-ground tissue will reduce control. Heavy dust layer on leaves will reduce control. crop rotations Fields treated with PrePass XC can be seeded to barley, oats or wheat, or can be summerfallowed in the year of application. The year following an August 1st or earlier application, fields can be seeded to barley, wheat, oats, canola or field peas, or can be summerfallow. grazing & harvest Do not graze treated areas within seven days of application. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 35

38 PrePASS Xc outperforms glyphosate Glyphosate alone does not provide adequate control of flushing problem weeds such as flixweed, stinkweed or shepherd s-purse. Fortunately, PrePass XC delivers the solution with extended performance in your fields through revolutionary SoilActive technology. No other product offers you the unique benefits of this advanced technology that provides extended activity for up to 21 days after application so it is able to effectively control multiple weed flushes. weed control ALL year round As a pre-seed burndown, PrePass XC is a smart agronomic practice that provides the earliest weed control and peace of mind. It cleans up fields so your cereals get a fast, healthy start. In many cases PrePass XC allows you to finish seeding your cereals before you need to start in-crop spraying. This gives you time and workload management in the busy spring season. PrePass XC provides the best chemfallow control available today. It is better than glyphosate alone, glyphosate + 2,4-D, Rustler, or even Rustler + 2,4-D. Plus you get crop rotation flexibility it s safe for any of next year s crops including cereals, canola, mustard, pulses or legumes. 1 A fall pre-seed application allows PrePass XC to provide unbeatable control of winter annual and perennial broadleaf weeds. You can apply it until freeze-up to effectively control narrow-leaved hawk s-beard and dandelion. Preventing winter annuals from over-wintering will result in improved moisture conservation and reduced weed numbers next spring. Plus, depending on application timing, the extended control of PrePass XC may reduce broadleaf weed populations early the next season. Spring wheat, durum wheat, oats and barley may be planted the following spring in fields treated with fall PrePass XC. (Do not plant canola, peas, mustard, alfalfa, chickpea or lentils the spring following an application or PrePass XC applied later than August 1st.) wild buckwheat DAnDeLion Before application Before application 2 to 4 weeks after application 2 to 4 weeks after application Source: Dow AgroSciences Field Trials. 1 Apply before August 1st 36

39 PrePASS Xc fits your operation feature Flexibility Convenience Two modes of action Groups 2 and 9 SoilActive technology benefit Spray when you have time, knowing that SoilActive control will keep your fields cleaner, longer. Spray in spring or fall for pre-seed weed control in cereals. One rate, no guesswork One company to call with questions Cases or bulk packaging Superior translocation to control dandelion and tough winter annual weeds like cleavers and narrow-leaved hawk sbeard, plus control of volunteer Roundup Ready canola. Guaranteed extended control of flushing broadleaf weeds like wild buckwheat, flixweed and volunteer canola that are otherwise aggressive, early competitors to a young crop. PrePASS Xc ProviDeS effective fall APPLieD control of winter AnnuALS The primary goal of fall applied PrePass XC is to control winter annuals in the fall and prevent them from over-wintering. This conserves moisture and reduces weed size next spring. SoilActive technology provides residual action for up to 21 days, so it controls multiple fall weed flushes. It has excellent activity on many winter annual broadleaf weeds including shepherd s-purse, stinkweed, narrow-leaved hawk s-beard and flixweed along with dandelion and volunteer canola (including volunteer Roundup Ready canola). Dandelion fall applied and rated next spring. Herbicide rate # trials mean control Glyphosate 0.5 L/ac. 6 68% Glyphosate 0.75 L/ac. 6 77% Glyphosate 1.5 L/ac. 6 90% PrePass XC 40 acres/case 6 92% winter annual fall applied and rated next spring. Herbicide rate # trials mean control Glyphosate L/ac. 6 30% PrePass XC 40 acres/case 6 98% Dandelion up to 15 cm in diameter. Winter annual weeds include stinkweed, shepherd s-purse and flixweed. 37

40 nothing outperforms PreStige Xc. controlled n Annual sow thistle n Canada thistle 1 Prestige XC herbicide offers the best possible control of Canada thistle, sow thistle and a wide range of other common broadleaf weeds in cereal crops. Prestige XC contains a combination of three different Group 4 herbicides, which makes it an excellent resistance management tool in your herbicide rotation. Available in bulk Total pallet treats 480 (high rate) or 640 acres (low rate). This product can be purchased in ¼ pallet units that treat 120 or 160 acres. n Cleavers 3 n Common groundsel n Dandelion 2 n Flixweed n Kochia 3 n Lamb s-quarters n Perennial sow-thistle 1 n Redroot pigweed n Round-leaved mallow n Russian pigweed n Scentless chamomile n Shepherd s-purse n Smartweed n Stinkweed n Stork s-bill n Tartary buckwheat n Volunteer canola (all types) n Volunteer flax n Volunteer sunflower n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard Suppressed n Chickweed 3 n Hemp-nettle 1 Season long control, with some regrowth in the fall (top growth control). Refer to pages for more information on thistle control. 2 Spring rosettes only. 3 Including biotypes resistant to Group 2 herbicides that inhibit the ALS enzyme. 38

41 ALternAte rate option Cereal growers can use Prestige XC at 27 acres/case and still receive the excellent control of kochia that they have come to expect. It also controls perennial weeds like Canada thistle and tough weeds like wild buckwheat, volunteer flax and cleavers. controlled n Canada thistle 1 (low infestation) n Cleavers 3 n Flixweed n Lamb s-quarters Suppressed n Chickweed n Hemp-nettle n Redroot pigweed n Sow thistle 1 n Kochia 3 n Shepherd spurse n Stinkweed n Stork s-bill n Volunteer canola n Volunteer flax n Volunteer sunflower n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard For heavy weed populations, larger weeds or poor growing conditions use the higher rate of Presitge XC (20 acres/case). When tank mixing with Simplicity, it is recommended to use the 27 acres/case rate. Simplicity provides cross-spectrum control of grass and broadleaf weeds so together this combination provides superior broadleaf weed control. 1 Season long control, with some regrowth in the fall (top growth control). 2 Spring rosettes only. 3 Including biotypes resistant to Group 2 herbicides that inhibit the ALS enzyme. 39

42 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops Prestige XC is registered for use on all varieties of barley, durum wheat and spring wheat. rate 27 acres/case or 640 acres/pallet. For heavy weed populations, larger weeds, poor growing conditions or to control the weeds listed as suppressed, use the higher rate of 20 acres/case or 480 acres/pallet. Water volume: 40 L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Crop stage: 3 leaf to just before flag leaf. Weed stage: 2 to 4 leaf. rainfast Prestige XC is rainfast in four to six hours. tank mixes For grass weed control, Prestige XC can be tank mixed with Simplicity, Liquid Achieve, Axial, Assert, Horizon, Everest, and Puma brands. Simplicity provides cross spectrum weed control of grass and broadleaf weeds. Together, Simplicity and Prestige XC provide such superior broadleaf weed activity that it is recommended to use Prestige XC at a rate of 27 acres/case when tank mixing with Simplicity. crop rotations The year following application, fields can be seeded to wheat, oats, barley, rye, flax, canola, mustard or peas*, or can be summerfallow. Refer to pages for tank cleanout procedures. 40

43 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of barley, oats, canaryseed, durum and spring wheat. Forage grasses: See label for complete listing. rate 20 acres/case or 480 acres/pallet. Water volume: 40 L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Crop stage: 3 leaf to just before flag leaf. Weed stage: 1 to 6 leaf, or as indicated on the product label. rainfast Prestige XC is rainfast in four to six hours. tank mixes For grass weed control, Prestige XC can be tank mixed with Liquid Achieve, Axial, Assert, Horizon, Everest, and Puma brands. Check tank-mix partner product labels for registered crops and additional restrictions. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Prestige XC A, then Prestige XC B. 3. Add the required tank-mix partner and the adjuvant recommended for that partner. 4. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Optimum performance occurs when both plants and weeds are actively growing and not exposed to prolonged stress periods. Stress may be created by unseasonably cool conditions, drought or high temperatures. Wet foliage at time of application may result in reduced weed control. crop rotations The year following application, fields can be seeded to wheat, oats, barley, rye, flax, canola, mustard or peas*, or can be summerfallow. * For pea rotation rainfall from June 1st to August 31st in the year of application must be greater than 140 mm (5.5 inches) and annual rainfall must be greater than 175 mm (6.9 inches). (Note: These amounts are below the long term rainfall averages in most areas of western Canada. These rainfall levels would indicate severe drought conditions in many areas of western Canada.) grazing & harvest Do not cut or graze fields of treated wheat or barley within seven days after application. Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days after application. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 41

44 SimPLicity tm wins. controlled Simplicity TM herbicide is victory in the complex game of weed control. It delivers superior performance on tough grass and broadleaf weeds. No wild oats. No broadleaf weeds (just add MCPA). No resistance management worries or crop rotation issues. For exceptional weed control you can count on the first time, Simplicity wins. Grass n Wild oats n Barnyard grass n Downy brome n Japanese brome n Yellow foxtail Broadleaf n Chickweed n Cleavers n Cow cockle n Flixweed n Hemp-nettle n Redroot pigweed n Smartweed n Volunteer canola (excluding Clearfield canola varieties) Suppressed n Dandelion n Downy brome (Spring applied) n Green foxtail 1 n Wild buckwheat competitor wild oat herbicide Simplicity 1 Dow AgroSciences research trials indicate that application to small stage, actively growing plants provides an increased level of control. 42

45 wild oats only rate Simplicity can be applied at a rate of 106 acres per case (53 acres per jug) for control of wild oat populations of <75 plants/m 2. Even at this lower application rate, Simplicity will provide wild oat control equal to or greater than common grass control products such as Horizon and Puma. controlled n Wilds oats control ratings on wild oats 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Simplicity (53 acres/jug) + Attain XC (53 acres/cs) Simplicity (53 acres/jug) + Benchmark Horizon (40 acres/cs) + Buctril M Puma (40 acres/cs) + Buctril M Source: Dow AgroSciences Field Trials Note: The full rate of Simplicity (80 acres per case) is necessary for cross-spectrum control (grass and broadleaf weed control). The 80 acre rate is necessary to control Japanese brome and downy brome, or higher density wild oat infestations. 43

46 APPLicA tion g uid e L ines crops All varieties of durum, spring, and winter wheat. rate 106 acres per case. 53 acres per jug. Water volume: Ground, L/ac. Aerial, 20 L/ac. when to apply Crop Stage: 3 leaf prior to flag leaf emergence. Weed Stage: 1 to 4 leaf wild oats. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines rainfast Simplicity is rainfast in four hours. tank mixes Attain XC (53 acres/case). Benchmark (40 acres/case). OcTTain XL (40 acres/case). crop rotations The year following application of Simplicity, fields can be seeded to all major crops, including pulses. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 44

47 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of durum, spring, and winter wheats. rate 80 acres/case. 40 acres/jug. Water volume: Ground, L/ac. Aerial, 20 L/ac. when to apply Crop Stage: 3 leaf prior to flag leaf emergence. Weed Stage: Wild oats 1 to 5 leaf, broadleaf weeds 1 to 5 leaf, or as indicated on the product label. rainfast Simplicity is rainfast in four hours. tank mixes For additional broadleaf control, Simplicity can be tank mixed with plus M (MCPA), Attain XC (53 acres/case), Prestige XC (27 acres/case), Benchmark, Frontline 2,4-D (60 acres/case), Frontline XL, Spectrum, Curtail M, 2,4-D, Buctril M, Thumper, or Refine Extra. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. 1. Fill tank ½ full with water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Simplicity. 3. Add the required broadleaf tank-mix partner if required. 4. Add any adjuvants, if required. 5. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Optimum performance occurs when both plants and weeds are actively growing and not exposed to prolonged stress periods. Stress may be created by unseasonably cool conditions, drought or high temperatures. Wet foliage at time of application may result in reduced weed control. crop rotations The year following application of Simplicity, fields can be seeded to all major crops, including pulses. grazing & harvest Do not permit lactating dairy animals to graze fields within 16 days of spraying. Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days after application. Observe tank-mix partner label directions. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 45

48 SimPLicity tank mixes made SimPLe mcpa Depending on what weeds you are seeking to control, a tank mix with plus M brand of MCPA Ester 600 at the equivalent of six ounces active (40 acres per jug) is often enough. 1 jug plus M + 1 jug Simplicity = 40 acres Although Simplicity alone or plus M alone may not control these weeds, a Simplicity + plus M tank mix provides control to the highest standards. Wild Buckwheat 94% Clearfield canola volunteers 95% Lamb s quarters 97% This tank mix delivers joint activity on a number of other broadleaf weeds, including stinkweed, flixweed and shepherd s purse. Attain Xc (53 acres/case rate) When kochia, wild buckwheat, Russian thistle, stork s bill, volunteer flax, Group 2-resistant broadleaf weeds or volunteer canola (all types) are a concern. 3 cases Attain XC + 2 cases (4 jugs) Simplicity = 160 acres. Prestige Xc (27 acres/case rate) For Canada thistle, sow thistle, wild buckwheat, volunteer canola (all types) and scentless chamomile. 6 cases Prestige XC + 2 cases (4 jugs) Simplicity = 160 acres. manage Herbicide resistance There are known and emerging wild oat populations resistant to Group 1 wild oat herbicides (Axial, Broadband, Harmony brands, Horizon, Liquid Achieve, Puma brands). Even if you do not have Group 1-resistant wild oats, you need to take a close look at your rotation to determine where Group 1 products fit best to extend the life of these valuable grass weed control tools. A great option is to use your wheat crop to rotate out of Group 1 products. Use Group 1 chemistry for barley, pulses, and Liberty Link canola in rotation. Use Group 2 Simplicity on your wheat. Japanese brome Cleavers 46

49 weed control Performance efficacy weed Spectrum Wild oats Barnyard grass Japanese brome Green foxtail Wild buckwheat Chickweed Cleavers Hemp-nettle Smartweed Lamb s-quarter Stinkweed Flixweed Redroot pigweed Kochia Russian thistle Volunteer canola Simplicity 1 Cross-spectrum foundation E VG VG G G VG E VG VG VG VG VG Simplicity plus MCPA Ester E VG VG G VG E E VG E E E E E E Simplicity plus Attain XC at 53 acres/cr E VG VG G E E E E E E E E E E VG E E = 95%-100% excellent control VG = 86%-94% very good control G = 80%-85% good control A non-ionic surfactant is required when Simplicity is applied alone Does not include volunteer Clearfield Canola 1 47

50 exceptional control of DAnDeLion, thistle AnD HemP-nettLe in cereals. controlled n Annual sow thistle n Ball mustard Spectrum is a selective broadleaf herbicide that controls a wide range of the toughest perennial and annual broadleaf weeds in spring wheat, durum wheat, barley and oats. The unique combination of Group 2 and 4 modes of action delivers a hard-hitting solution to your worst weed problems in cereals. n Canada thistle 1 n Chickweed n Cleavers n Common ragweed n Dandelion (<15 cm diameter) n Flixweed (spring rosettes only) n Hemp-nettle n Lamb s-quarters n Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard n Perennial sow thistle (top growth only) n Redroot pigweed n Shepherd s-purse n Smartweed n Stinkweed n Stork s-bill n Volunteer canola 2 n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard 1 Refer to pages for more information on thistle control. 2 Including multiple herbicide-tolerant volunteer canola varieties. 48

51 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of barley, oats, durum and spring wheat. rate 20 acres/case. Water volume: 40 L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Crop stage: 2 to 6 leaf. Weed stage: 1 to 4 leaf, or as indicated on the product label. rainfast Spectrum is rainfast in four to six hours. tank mixes For grass weed control, Spectrum can be tank mixed and applied with Simplicity, Axial, Assert or Everest brands. Do not tank mix with Liquid Achieve. Check mix partner labels for registered crops and additional restrictions. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Spectrum A, then Spectrum B. 3. Add the required tank-mix partner and the adjuvant recommended for that partner. 4. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Warm, moist conditions that promote active weed growth, small weed size and a competitive crop as well as good growing conditions after application will optimize the weed control provided by Spectrum. Weeds hardened off by cold weather or drought stress may not be adequately controlled or suppressed. Re-growth may occur. If the foliage of the weed is wet at time of application, control may be reduced. crop rotations The year following application, fields can be seeded to wheat, barley, oats, canola, peas*, or can be summerfallow. * For pea rotation rainfall from June 1st to August 31st in the year of application must be greater than 140 mm (5.5 inches) and annual rainfall must be greater than 175 mm (6.9 inches). (Note: these are well below the long term rainfall averages in most areas. These rainfall levels indicate severe drought conditions.) grazing & harvest Do not graze treated crop or cut for feed within seven days of application. Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days of application. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 49

52 AnotHer SteLLAr PerformAnce. High-performance annual broadleaf weed control. Superior resistance management. Only Stellar herbicide offers two modes of action through three active ingredients for higher-performance control of annual broadleaf weeds in wheat and barley, plus superior weed resistance management. Another field clean of cleavers, chickweed, hemp-nettle and kochia including ALS resistant cleavers, hemp-nettle and kochia. Another tough resistance-management problem solved. Another case made for multi-mode of action weed control. Another chance to elevate your returns. Another Stellar performance. controlled n Burdock n Cleavers n Chickweed n Flixweed n Hemp-nettle 1 n Kochia 1 n Lamb s-quarters n Plantain n Prickly lettuce n Ragweed n Redroot pigweed n Russian pigweed n Shepherd s-purse n Smartweed n Stinkweed n Sunflower (annual) n Vetch n Volunteer canola (all types) n Volunteer flax n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard n Wild radish Suppressed n Russian thistle n Stork s-bill 1 Including ALS resistant biotypes. Refer to pages for more information on herbicide resistance management and multi mode of action weed control. 50

53 APPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of barley, durum wheat, and spring wheat. rate 40 acres/case. Water volume: 40 L/ac. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Crop stage: 3 leaf to flag. Weed stage: 1 to 4 leaf, or as indicated on the product label. rainfast Stellar is rainfast in two hours. tank mixes For grass weed control, Stellar can be tank mixed with Simplicity, Axial, Assert or Everest brands. Do not tank mix Stellar with Liquid Achieve. Check mix partner labels for registered crops and additional restrictions. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Stellar A, then Stellar B. 3. Add the required tank-mix partner and the adjuvant recommended for that partner. 4. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Warm, moist conditions that promote active weed growth, small weed size and a competitive crop as well as good growing conditions after application will optimize the weed control provided by Stellar. Weeds hardened off by cold weather or drought stress may not be adequately controlled or suppressed. Re-growth may occur. If the foliage of the weed is wet at time of application, control may be reduced. crop rotations The year following application of Stellar, fields can be seeded to all major crops. grazing & harvest Do not graze treated crop or cut for feed within seven days of application. Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days of application. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 51

54 tougher. in tandem. controlled Grass n Barnyard grass n Japanese brome Tandem is tougher, more flexible one-pass control of wild oats and broadleaf weeds in wheat. In fact, Tandem combines two active ingredients that deliver the best possible control of wild oats, kochia, cleavers, and much more, across all soil zones. n Wild oats 1 n Yellow foxtail Broadleaf n Chickweed n Cleavers 2 n Cow cockle n Flixweed n Hemp-nettle n Kochia 2 n Redroot pigweed n Round-leaved mallow n Smartweed n Volunteer canola 4 n Volunteer flax Suppressed Grass n Downy brome n Green foxtail 3 Broadleaf n Dandelion n Stork s-bill n Wild buckwheat Including Group 1-resistant biotypes. Including ALS resistant biotypes. Dow AgroSciences research trials indicate that application to small stage, actively growing plants provides an increased level of control. Will not control volunteer Imidazolinone tolerant canola

55 tandem tank mix Additional broadleaf weeds controlled when tank mixed with 2,4-D (5 oz/acre) n Annual sunflower n Ragweed n Bluebur n Round-leaved n Burdock mallow n Clover (sweet) n Russian thistle n Cocklebur n Shepherd s-purse n Flixweed n Stinkweed n Goat s beard n Vetch n Knapweed n Wild buckwheat n Lamb s-quarters n Wild mustard n Prickly lettuce n Wild radish Additional broadleaf weeds controlled when tank mixed with MCPA (5 oz/acre) n Annual sunflower n Russian thistle n Burdock n Shepherd s-purse n Cocklebur n Stinkweed n Flixweed n Stork s-bill n Lamb s-quarters n Vetch n Prickly lettuce n Wild buckwheat n Ragweed n Wild mustard n Wild radish Additional broadleaf weeds controlled when tank mixed with Curtail M (10 acres/jug) n Annual sowthistle n Ragweed n Annual sunflower n Russian thistle n Burdock n Scentless n Canada thistle chamomile n Cocklebur n Shepherd s-purse n Dandelion 1 n Stinkweed n Flixweed n Stork s-bill n Lamb s-quarters n Vetch n Perennial n Wild buckwheat sowthistle n Wild mustard n Prickly lettuce n Wild radish 1 Spring rosettes 53

56 tougher. in tandem. 54

57 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops All varieties of durum and spring wheat. rate 40 acres/case. Water volume: 40 L/ac. when to apply Crop Stage: 3-leaf prior to flag leaf emergence. Weed stage: Wild oats, 1 to 5 leaf. Broadleaf weeds, 1 to 4 leaf, or as indicated on the product label. rainfast Tandem is rainfast in four hours. tank mixes For additional broadleaf weed control, Tandem can be tank mixed with plus M (MCPA LV 600), 2,4-D, or Curtail TM M. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Tandem A, then Tandem B. 3. Add the required tank-mix partner and the adjuvant recommended for that partner. 4. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Warm, moist conditions that promote active weed growth, small weed size and a competitive crop as well as good growing conditions after application will optimize the weed control provided by Tandem. Weeds hardened off by cold weather or drought stress may not be adequately controlled or suppressed. Re-growth may occur. If the foliage of the weed is wet at time of application, control may be reduced. crop rotations The year following application of Tandem, fields can be seeded to all major crops. grazing & harvest Must not be grazed or fed to livestock for seven days following treatment. Do not permit lactating dairy animals to graze fields within 16 days of spraying. Withdraw meat animals from treated fields at least three days prior to slaughter. Do not harvest the treated mature crop within 60 days after application. Refer to pages for cereal crop staging guidelines. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 55

58 maximum glyphosate PerformAnce PLuS the SuPPort of Dow AgroScienceS. Vantage Plus MAX II herbicide provides all the performance, service and peace of mind you have come to expect. With patented DMA technology, Vantage Plus MAX II provides fast and effective weed control under all use conditions. And the foam-free formulation makes Vantage Plus MAX II easier to mix and easier to spray. controlled n Annual grass weeds n Annual broadleaf weeds n Volunteer crops (except Roundup Ready varieties) n Winter annual weeds n Perennial grasses/sedges n Perennial broadleaf weeds A competitive alternative to other premium glyphosate products, Vantage Plus MAX II is effective in all applications pre-seed burndown, in-crop, chemfallow, pre-harvest and post-harvest. 56

59 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crops Apply before planting of all crops. Post emergent in Roundup Ready canola and corn. Pre-harvest applications in wheat, barley, oats, canola, flax, peas, lentils, dry beans, soybeans and forages. Vantage Plus MAX II also has applications in chemfallow, fall application, pasture rejuvenation and forage, legume and grass establishment. rate Rates are tailored to weed control needs in particular applications. Refer to the product label. Apply with ground equipment only. when to apply Time application to the vegetation stages described in the annual and perennial weed control sections of the label. Timings have been recommended to provide adequate leaf surface to receive the spray. rainfast Vantage Plus MAX II is rainfast in 30 minutes. tank mixes Tank mixes with some products are registered for Roundup Ready canola or summerfallow uses. However, growers can achieve the same or better results with less cost and more convenience by applying Eclipse lll in Roundup Ready canola or PrePass XC for chemfallow. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including the tank, filters, nozzles, valves and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. Do not use galvanized steel or unlined steel tanks as a combustible gas may be formed. 1. Fill the sprayer with ½ the required amount of water. Start agitation and continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure. 2. Add the required amount of Vantage Plus MAX II. 3. Complete filling the sprayer tank. optimizing performance Heavy rainfall immediately after application may wash the chemical off the foliage. Frost that kills more than 40 percent of the above-ground tissue will reduce control. Heavy dust layer on leaves will reduce control. crop rotations There are no crop rotation restrictions following a Vantage Plus MAX II application. grazing & harvest Do not apply to any crops if grown for seed. Consult malt buyers before using pre-harvest on malt barley. All portions of the treated crops may be fed to livestock. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 57

60 notes 58

61 Each pasture on your land has a life of its own and no one knows that better than you. In some, weeds encroach from the perimeters. In others, weeds and brush consistently crowd out more and more grass. And in many, trees and wood species spread over larger and larger portions of the land. A proven way to increase grass production is with an Integrated Management Plan. Techniques such as grazing rotations, herbicides, fertility analysis, mechanical brush management and regular pasture health assessments all work together to produce healthier, more productive pastures. Herbicide applications are used to reduce weed, brush and tree encroachment over the long term. They are a highly effective alternative to quick-fixes such as mowing and cultivation and provide a long-term, highly effective strategy with long lasting results.

62 cost-effective, broad-spectrum, broadleaf weed control. controlled n Absinth wormwood 1 n Annual sow thistle n Bluebur n Blue lettuce 2 Increase grass production with Restore, a cost-effective, broadspectrum herbicide designed for the management of invasive species and broad-spectrum, broadleaf weeds in rangeland and permanent grass pastures. n Bull thistle 2 n Burdock (< 4 leaf) n Buttercup 2 n Canada goldenrod 1 n Canada thistle 1 n Cocklebur n Common plantain n Common tansy 1 n Curled dock (< 4 leaf) n Dandelion 1 n Flixweed n Goat s beard n Gum weed 2 n Hawkweed n Hoary cress 2 n Knapweed 1 n Peppergrass n Perennial sow thistle 2 n Prickly lettuce n Ragweeds n Scentless chamomile 1 n Stinging nettle n Sweet clover 1 2 Season long control. Top growth control. 60

63 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines usage Rangeland and permanent pastures. How it works The active ingredient in Restore is a Group 4 growth regulator herbicide which is absorbed by the leaves and roots, translocating throughout the plant, causing the plant to die. rates One case of Restore will treat 15 acres. Apply a minimum of 20 gallons of water per acre by ground and 5 gallons of water per acre by air. when to apply Timing a broad range of weeds may be challenging since emergence and growth stages may occur at different times throughout the season. Keep the following in mind as you make your timing decision: Target your timing on the most problematic weed. For example, if your primary target is tall buttercup, timing will likely be earlier (May 15th June 30th). If the primary target is Canada thistle, you need to wait long enough for the majority of the thistles to emerge (July 1st July 30th). Apply Restore when the primary target weed is most actively growing. If environmental stresses such as severe drought or extended periods of heat are inhibiting growth, this may decrease efficacy. Restore can only control weeds and root systems that get treated; if some weeds have not emerged at the time of application, these weeds will not have the same level of control as weeds that were fully emerged. Application methods Restore can be applied by ground or air. Most warm and cool season rangeland and pasture grasses are tolerant of Restore applications at the registered rate. optimizing performance Do not spray if injury to existing forage legumes cannot be tolerated. Do not apply Restore within the drip line of desirable trees, and take appropriate measures to prevent application or drift onto plants and trees that are not intended for control. grazing schedules Other than a seven day restriction for lactating dairy cows, there are no grazing restrictions for livestock. Restore works like a natural growth-regulating hormone found only in plants and not found in livestock and wildlife. Mammals also do not metabolize Restore. When ingested, Restore is rapidly excreted from the body in the urine, and thus does not accumulate. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 61

64 increased grass ProDuction with great tree AnD weed control. weeds, shrubs and trees controlled Dow AgroSciences field research and operational experience has shown that Grazon provided good results at the labeled rate of 2.8 L/ac. on: Grazon herbicide is a convenient formulation which is effective against a broad spectrum of weeds, shrubs and trees and provides long lasting control. Grazon was introduced as a range and pasture herbicide for one reason; to increase grass production in western Canadian pastures and rangeland. For years, Grazon has lived up to its reputation as a solid performer. When Grazon is applied, increased grass production is the result. n Absinth wormwood n Canada thistle n Common ragweed n Common tansy n Common yarrow n Dandelion n Dock n Fleabane n Goldenrod n Pasture sage n Oxeye daisy n Prickly lettuce n Scentless chamomile n Sow thistle n Spotted knapweed n Sweet clover n Tall buttercup n Wild carrot n Wild rose Dow AgroSciences field research and operational experience has shown that Grazon has activity on trees. For tree control recommendations based on stand heigh and species contact Dow AgroSciences for recommedation. 62

65 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines usage Rangeland and permanent pastures. How it works Grazon is most active on the foliage of actively growing weeds, brush and trees. The unique chemistry in Grazon moves through the plant to control even the roots, which is especially important for biennial and perennial weeds and trees as they have large root systems. rates 2.8 L/ac. Water volume: Apply at 20 gal./ac. by ground and 5 gal./ac. by air. Refer to product label for complete use directions. when to apply Timing a broad range of weeds may be challenging since emergence and growth stages may occur at different times throughout the season. Keep the following in mind as you make your timing decision: Target your timing on the most problematic weed. For example, if your primary target is absinth wormwood, your timing will be earlier (May 15th June 15th). If your primary target is Canada thistle, you need to wait long enough for the majority of the thistles to emerge (July 1st July 30th). Apply Grazon when the primary target weed is most actively growing. If environmental stresses such as severe drought or extended period of heat are inhibiting growth, this may decrease efficacy. Grazon can only control weeds and root systems that get treated; if some weeds have not emerged at the time of application, these weeds will not have the same level of control as weeds that were fully emerged. Initially, target plants will show limited visual activity following an application of Grazon, however, plant growth will stop. More effects can be observed days following application. A successful application of Grazon will provide at least two years of improved grass production. Application methods Grazon can be applied by ground or air. Use coarse sprays to minimize drift. For backpack applications to small areas: Create a 1.0% solution of Grazon in water for weed and shrub control. For example, mix 100 ml of Grazon with 10 L of water. For all applications, coverage of the targeted foliage is very important. optimizing performance Do not apply Grazon within 1.5 times the height of desirable trees, and take appropriate measures to prevent application or drift onto plants and trees that are not intended for control. Do not spray if injury to existing forage legumes cannot be tolerated. Most warm and cool season rangeland and pasture grasses are tolerant to Grazon. grazing schedules Grazon is very safe and there are no grazing restrictions for livestock, other than a seven day restriction for lactating dairy cows. Grazon works like a natural growthregulating hormone found only in plants, and not found in livestock, pets and wildlife, including large or small mammals. Mammals also do not metabolize Grazon. When ingested, it is rapidly excreted from the body in the urine, and thus does not accumulate even in situations of repeated or prolonged exposures. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 63

66 weeds, SHrubS, invasive PLAntS. Research trials indicate activity on the following broadleaf weeds and shrubs in the season of application. Reclaim herbicide your pasture s productivity. The newest range and pasture tool from Dow AgroSciences, Reclaim will increase grass production by providing extended control of buckbrush, wild rose, shrubby cinquefoil, wolf willow plus control of broadleaf weeds and invasive plants in rangeland and permanent pasture. extended control for 24 months n Canada thistle n Buckbrush (western Snowberry) n Dandelion n Pasture sage (Fringed sage) n Prairie sage n Shrubby cinquefoil n Wild rose n Wolf willow (Silver-berry) Removal of competing vegetation may result in new Canada thistle shoots emerging n Absinth wormwood n Annual sunflower n Annual sow-thistle n Ball mustard n Biennial wormwood n Bluebur n Blue lettuce 1 n Buckbush n Burdock n Canada fleabane n Canada thistle n Canada goldenrod n Chickweed n Clover n Cocklebur n Common groundsel n Common ragweed n Common tansy n Corn spurry n Cow cockle n Cudweed n Curly dock n Dandelion n Docks n Dog mustard n Field bindweed 1 n Field horsetail 1 n Field peppergrass n Field scabious n Fireweed n Flixweed n Goat s beard n Green smartweed n Gumweed n Hairy galinsoga n Hedge bindweed n Hemp-nettle n Hoary cress n Horse-nettle n Kochia 3 n Lady s-thumb n Lamb s-quarters 64 n Leafy spurge 1 n Musk thistle n Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard n Oak leaf goosefoot n Ox-eye daisy n Pasture sage n Perennial pepperweed n Perennial sow-thistle n Plantain n Plumeless thistle n Prairie sage n Prickly lettuce n Prostrate pigweed n Pussytoes n Ragweed n Redroot pigweed n Russian knapweed n Russian thistle 3 n Scentless chamomile n Shepherd s-purse n Shrubby cinquefoil n Spotted knapweed n Stinkweed n Stork s-bill n Sweet clover n Tall buttercup n Tartary buckwheat n Tumbleweed n Vetch n Volunteer alfalfa n Volunteer canola 2 n Western ragweed n Wild buckwheat n Wild mustard n Wild radish n Wild rose n Wild strawberry n Wolf willow n Yarrow 3 n Yellow star thistle 1 Top growth control only 2 All varieties of volunteer canola 3 Suppression

67 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines usage Rangeland and permanent pastures. How it works Reclaim contains two Group 4 and one Group 2 herbicides. Group 4 herbicides are growth regulator herbicides which are absorbed by the leaves and roots, translocating throughout the plant, causing the plant to die. rates One case of Reclaim will treat 20 acres. Apply a minimum of 20 gallons of water per acre by ground and 5 gallons of water per acre by air. when to apply Timing a broad range of weeds may be challenging since emergence and growth stages may occur at different times throughout the season. Keep the following in mind as you make your timing decision: Target your timing on the most problematic weed. For example, if your primary target is Buck Brush, timing will likely be earlier (June 1st July 15th). If the primary target is Canada thistle, you need to wait long enough for the majority of the thistles to emerge (July 1st July 30th). Apply Reclaim when the primary target weed is most actively growing. If environmental stresses such as severe drought or extended periods of heat are inhibiting growth, this may decrease efficacy. Reclaim can only control weeds and root systems that get treated; if some weeds have not emerged at the time of application, these weeds will not have the same level of control as weeds that were fully emerged. Application methods Reclaim can be applied by ground or air. Most warm and cool season rangeland and pasture grasses are tolerant of Reclaim applications at the registered rate. optimizing performance Do not spray if injury to existing forage legumes cannot be tolerated. Do not apply Reclaim within the drip line of desirable trees, and take appropriate measures to prevent application or drift onto plants and trees that are not intended for control. grazing schedules Other than a seven day restriction for lactating dairy cows, there are no grazing restrictions for livestock. Reclaim works like a natural growth-regulating hormone found only in plants and not found in livestock and wildlife. Mammals also do not metabolize Reclaim. When ingested, Reclaim is rapidly excreted from the body in the urine, and thus does not accumulate. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 65

68 notes 66

69 Over 40 years of product experience exists in the Dithane brand. This trusted fungicide continues to be a standard in potato production, and is now used in the cereal and pulse markets for its effective and economical control of numerous diseases. At Dow AgroSciences, we continue to develop new technology to combat challenging disease problems in Canadian agriculture. Whatever your situation calls for, Dow AgroSciences has the products, the people and the innovation you need to see it through.

70 forty years AnD counting AS the world S most trusted fungicide. controlled in wheat n Tan spot n Septoria leaf blotch n Leaf rust Dithane DG Rainshield is a contact fungicide that provides rapid control of disease symptoms, as well as a rotation from systemic fungicides in wheat, lentils and potatoes. Dithane DG Rainshield s unique multi-site activity explains why no fungal resistance has developed in over 40 years of use. In the field, that means consistent performance and reliable protection throughout the season, right up until harvest. controlled in lentils n Anthracrose n Ascochyta blight controlled in potatoes n Early blight n Late blight controlled in alfalfa n Leaf spot n Stem spot controlled in sugar beets n Cercospora leaf spots 68

71 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crop Apply as a foliar spray to potatoes, lentils, wheat, alfalfa (seed production only) and sugar beets. rates Wheat: 0.45 kg/ac. (early spray), 0.9 kg/ac. (late spray). Lentils: 0.9 kg/ac. Potatoes: kg/ac. (start with a low rate and increase to a maximum rate as foliage develops). Sugar beets: 0.91 kg/ac. Water volume: 18 L/ac. (aircraft), L/ac. (ground), and 324 L/ac. (sugar beets). Alfalfa: 0.59 kg/ac. Pressure: 345 kpa. Nozzles: Hollow cones or flat fan recommended. Apply with ground equipment or by air. when to apply Wheat: Feekes 1 to 3 (early application), Feekes 10.5 (late application). Lentils: First application before flower when bud formation is evident. A second application should be applied days after the initial application, but before rows close in to form a dense canopy. If conditions for disease persist, a third application may be applied days later. Potatoes: When plants are cm tall. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Sugar beets: When disease first threatens. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. tank mixes Dithane DG Rainshield is compatible with most common pesticides used. However, thorough mixing in the spray tank is essential for good disease control. Check mix partner labels for registered crops and additional restrictions. mixing instructions Field sprayers should be properly calibrated and capable of uniform application at recommended water volumes. Good spray tank agitation is required. By-pass agitation is not sufficient. Field sprayers, including holding tank and booms, should be cleaned prior to use. ground application: 1. Pour Dithane DG Rainshield slowly into a ¼ filled spray tank while the agitator is running. 2. Completely fill tank with water. 3. After Dithane DG Rainshield has been mixed into a suspension, add other co-applied pesticides, growth regulators, micronutrients or spray adjuvants. Aerial application: 1. Premix Dithane DG Rainshield thoroughly in a nurse tank. 2. Fill spray hopper to ¹ ³ to ½ the desired final water volume. 3. Add slurry from Step 1 to spray hopper. 4. Top off hopper to desired final water volume. crop rotations No restrictions. grazing & harvest Do not graze treated crops or cut for hay. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 69

72 notes 70

73 Our insect control products protect a variety of field and high-value crops from the ravages of sap-feeding and chewing pests. Lorsban 4E brings over 40 years of tried and true experience to the pest-control table. Its record speaks for itself, something that also holds true for Dow AgroSciences. Generic products may offer consumers the benefit of choice, but it s committed manufacturers such as Dow AgroSciences that stand by western Canadian farmers when an outbreak occurs. With a reputation for reliability behind us and a research team that s at the front line in developing new insect control solutions for Canadian agriculture, there s nowhere to go but forward.

74 three unique modes of Action for the best PoSSibLe insect control. controlled n Alfalfa looper n Army cutworm n Bertha armyworm Lorsban 4E will control insects not only on contact, but also through ingestion and vapour inhalation. Lorsban 4E is an organophosphate insecticide, and has a longer residual effect than synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. It is non-systemic in plants, meaning the active ingredient is not taken up by the plant. Lorsban 4E is one of the most-widely used insecticides in the world. The active ingredient in Lorsban 4E, chlorpyrifos, was first registered in 1965 and has been on the market for more than 40 years. More than 3,600 studies and over $100 million has been spent examining critical aspects of chlorpyrifos products as they relate to health and safety. In terms of human health and safety, no pest control product has been more thoroughly studied. n Black cutworm n Colorado potato beetle (larvae) n Common armyworm n Dark-sided cutworm n Diamondback moth (larvae) n Grasshoppers n Lygus bug n Pale western cutworm n Potato flea beetle n Red-backed cutworm n Russian wheat aphid n Sunflower seed weevil n Tarnished plant bug n Variegated cutworm n Wheat midge 72

75 A PPLicA tion guid e L ines crop All varieties of wheat, barley, oats, canola, flax, lentils, sunflowers, sugar beets, potatoes, field and sweet corn (seedling or pre-plant). rate Rates vary depending on the pest and crop involved, and their specific growth stage. Use lower rate for young insects, light infestations or sparse foliage. See label for complete listing. Ground, L/ac. Aerial, 4-12 L/ac. Water volume: 4-12 L spray solution/acre (aircraft), L spray solution/acre (ground). Pressure: Use pressures within manufacturer s recommended range. when to apply Use when economic damage is apparent or insect numbers reach the economic threshold. rainfast Lorsban 4E is rainfast in four to six hours. tank mixes For application on wheat, barley and oats, Lorsban 4E can be tank mixed with Avenge, Banvel + 2,4-D Amine, Buctril M, MCPA Amine or Ester, or 2,4-D Amine or Ester. Check mix partner labels for registered crops and additional restrictions. resistance management Lorsban 4E contains a Group 1B (organophosphate) insecticide. Any insect population may contain individuals naturally resistant to Lorsban 4E and other Group 1B insecticides. The resistant individuals may dominate the insect population if this group of insecticides is used repeatedly in the same fields. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action but are specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance-management strategies should be followed. optimizing performance Uniform coverage of the crop is essential; use a boom configuration that provides optimum coverage. Use higher rates where infestations are heavy and when foliage is dense. grazing & harvest Cereals grown for cover crop treated with Lorsban 4E insecticide should not be harvested for human or animal consumption if treated within 60 days of harvest. Refer to pages for tank clean-out procedures. 73

76 notes 74

77 Only Dow AgroSciences Canada has the innovative, high-performance products that help high-performance farmers accomplish more. And with the right help and support, you can get even more from your weed control. This section includes such high-performance help tips, facts and professional advice in the following categories: Cereal crops growth stages Nozzle selection Herbicide mixing Classification of herbicide group Thistle facts Herbicide resistance management 2,4-D and MCPA rates and conversions For additional support, please call our Solutions Center at or visit today.

78 AccomPLiSH even more with your weed control. cereal crops growth StAgeS for SPrAyer APPLicAtion 2-leaf stage Two leaves (L) have unfolded; third leaf present, yet to fully expand. Suitable stage for spraying many herbicides, but too early for 3-leaf stage. 4-leaf stage Three leaves fully expanded and fourth leaf unfolding. First tiller (T1) appears from between lower leaf and the main shoot. Suitable stage for spraying at the 3-4 leaf stage. 6-leaf stage Five leaves fully expanded and sixth leaf unfolding.tillers come from the base where leaves join the stem and continue forming, usually until there are five leaves on the main shoot. Secondary roots developing. Source: Adapted from Weed control in winter crops New South Wales government. Suitable for spraying many herbicides, except those labeled for use up to 5-leaf stage. 76

79 crop S t A ging fully tillered stage Usually no more tillers form after the very young head starts forming in the main tiller. Tillering completed when first node detected at base of main stem. Many herbicides can be sprayed up to the end of tillering. 2,4-D can still be applied. Start of jointing Jointing or node formation starts at the end of tillering. Small swellings joints form at the bottom of the main tiller. Heads continue developing and can be seen by dissecting a stem. 2,4-D can still be applied. early boot stage The last leaf to form the flag leaf appears on top of the extended stem. The developing head can be felt as a swelling in the stem. No herbicide should be applied at this stage. Too late for 2,4-D application. 77

80 nozzl e S e L ection four rules of nozzle SeLection 1. choose the best nozzle type for your needs a. Conventional Flat Fan Advantages: reliable performance, allows lowest water volumes Disadvantages: drift prone, can t use high pressures b. Pre-Orifice Advantages: reduce drift 50 percent, reliable efficacy at lower volumes, wide pressure range, good for grassy weeds Disadvantages: Need slightly higher pressures than conventional flat fan c. Low-Pressure Air Induced Advantages: reduce drift 50 to 70 percent, can use reasonable pressure, wide pressure range, good performance for all applications Disadvantages: Need water >5 gpa, >30 to 40 psi d. High Pressure Air Induced Advantages: reduce drift 70 to 90 percent, good performance for broadleaf weeds Disadvantages: Must use higher pressures (>60 psi) and more water (>7 gpa) for grassy weeds Determine your priorities before choosing a nozzle: Better drift control? (b,c,d). Best pressure range? (b,c). Very low water volumes? (a, b). All nozzles will give very good results provided you use them properly. Coarse sprays are proven to work with almost all herbicides and fungicides. 2. match water volume to spray quality and crop canopy The coarser your spray, the higher your water volume must be. There are two main reasons for this. (i) You must have enough droplets per square centimetre to hit your target. This is most critical when weeds are small. Low-volume, coarse sprays will have a higher likelihood to miss small weeds entirely. (ii) You need sufficient coverage on your target for the pesticide to do its job. This is most important for contact herbicides such as bromoxynil, glufosinate, and diquat, and for insecticides and protective fungicides. It is also important for grassy weeds, most of which have a hard time retaining very large droplets. Use at least 5 to 7 gpa for in-crop herbicides, 10 to 12 gpa for fungicides. The taller your crop canopy, the more water is required. 3. know and use the right pressure for your nozzle Even a good nozzle won t work well at the wrong pressure. Air-induced nozzles and some pre-orifice nozzles require higher pressures to operate properly. The most common reason for performance complaints is when the spray pressure of a low-drift nozzle is too low, resulting in poor spray distribution between nozzles (see next point). If your sprayer cannot produce sufficiently high pressures, you should not be using these nozzles. Try to do most of your spraying at these pressures: Conventional, 20 to 50 psi, pre-orifice, 30 to 60 psi, low-pressure airinduced, 40 to 60 psi, high pressure air-induced, 60 to 80 psi. Higher pressures increase drift potential, but less so for pre-orifice and air-induced nozzles. 78

81 nozzl e S e L ection 4. ensure good patterns Whereas finer sprays from conventional nozzles can re-distribute themselves with wind or turbulence, covering up poor patterns, the coarser droplets produced by low-drift sprays will go where they re pointed. Therefore, there is only one chance to get uniform coverage across the boom. For coarse sprays, try to achieve a nozzle pattern width that is twice your nozzle spacing at the target height. Do this by selecting wider angle nozzles, increasing pressure, or adjusting boom height. This will ensure that the coarsest droplets at the pattern edge are mixed in with the more abundant, finer droplets found in the middle of a pattern. Droplet number Droplet number 30% overlap 7 not uniform 100% overlap 3 uniform extremely coarse fine Adapted from an article written by Tom Wolf. Thomas M. Wolf, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK. Tom.Wolf@agr.gc.ca (306)

82 S P r A yer cl e A ning P rocess Many farmers have seen the tell-tale crop injury pattern, the result of chemical residue held over in the sprayer from previous operations. In most cases, when crop injury occurs it can take some detective work to discover why, but the solution is not usually complex. Attention to the fundamentals is still key regardless of the formulation being used, says Emile demilliano, manager of agronomic services with Viterra. Those fundamentals include proper chemical mixing practices, understanding your equipment and any unique practices involved in managing the product, and, in most cases, following standard cleaning practices. My standard advice is to not cut corners, says demilliano. You have too valuable a crop to be messing with. read the label. The first thing demilliano recommends is referring to the product label for unique cleaning instructions. It s important to know what the manufacturer suggests because there are sometimes variations in the cleaning process, he says. In cases where there are no cleaning processes unique to the product, demilliano says the standard practice of draining the tank followed by two rinses of water, two rinses of ammonia and another two rinses of water works in the majority of cases. mix properly. Crop injury from pesticide residue often starts at the chemical mixing stage, says demilliano. If I look at the situations I ve seen in the field where we ve seen improper tank cleanouts and injury to crops, it often starts with not doing a proper job of mixing the products. You have to ensure the product gets into solution. know your sprayer: boom flushes. Knowing the ins and outs of your equipment is also key. One reason this is important is the tendency for pesticide residue to get stuck in booms, says demilliano. As a result, the product sometimes winds up flushing out, usually on start-up, causing damage to susceptible crops in the process. Understand if there are any dead ends in your booms and if there is anything you need to know to make sure the boom is cleaned out, he says. know your sprayer: filters. It s also important to know where all of the filters on the sprayer are located. I ve run into situations where some product was caught up in a filter. The grower cleaned out the main filters but wasn t aware there was an extra filter somewhere in the system that was still carrying residue. clean the outside. Although seeding equipment is often the farm equipment most associated with the spread of clubroot, the growing use of sprayers throughout the farming season has increased the possibility of soil-borne diseases being transferred from field to field by sprayer equipment. demilliano suggests growers consider taking the time to understand the disease, where the disease has been found and, lastly, be on the lookout for it. To prevent spread, he says growers can use the following guidelines for cleaning: Remove soil and plant debris from equipment by scraping or knocking off clumps. Clean residual soil and debris from surfaces by pressure washing, steaming or using compressed air. To go one step further in higher risk areas, apply a disinfectant mist (a one to two percent active ingredient chlorine bleach solution) to the clean surfaces. 80

83 S P r A yer cl e A ning P rocess How to clean out your SPrAyer tank 1. Read the product label to determine the recommended cleaning procedure. Have ready all the materials required for the cleanup, including appropriate personal safety equipment. 2. Drain spray tank. 3. Fill tank with water and add detergent, ammonia or other tank cleaner product and allow to agitate for minutes (clean the whole tank not just the bottom half). Flush boom and hoses with solution, allow to stand for several hours (or overnight if possible) and then flush boom and nozzles again and drain tank. When flushing the boom, open the boom ends to get particles out of the boom. 4. Inspect inside of tank for visual residues; rinse inside of tank if necessary. Repeat Step Wash outside of sprayer with soap or mild detergent and water. 6. Remove nozzles, screens, and wash separately in a bucket containing cleaning solution. Don t forget to wash out your measuring container with the cleaning solution. 7. Remove all boom end plugs or caps. Product residues collected in the ends of the various boom pipe sections could cause crop injury. Thoroughly clean out the plugs or caps and pipe ends with cleaning solution. Carefully replace all the boom end plugs or caps. 8. More information is available at Reprinted courtesy of Canada Sprayer Guide, 81

84 t A nk mix ord er ProPer HerbiciDe mixing ProceDureS Pesticide labels usually provide directions for mixing different materials, often describing the sequence of mixing. Whenever a label provides such directions, you should follow them. When specific recommendations are not available, you can use the following list of steps as a general guideline for mixing products. 1. Wettable Powders (WP) then Flowables (F) and Dry Flowables (DF). 2. Agitate then add adjuvants, such as anti-foaming compounds. 3. Liquid and Soluble products. 4. Emulsifiable concentrates (EC). 5. Surfactants should always be added last. Prior to mixing you should fill your spray tank half full. Then start the sprayer and check to make sure that all valves and gauges work and that you have proper tank agitation. Keep the agitation running and then add the products to the tank following the order of recommended guidelines. Finish filling the sprayer until full. 82

85 b rome c ontrol Only Simplicity is registered for control of Downy and Japanese brome in spring and winter wheat. Downy brome Downy brome, also known as cheatgrass, is a winter annual that germinates in the fall and overwinters in a vegetative state. This winter annual growth habit makes downy brome a strong competitor in winter wheat. Studies conducted in Lethbridge, Alberta indicate that downy brome can reduce wheat yields by up to 68 percent. 1 How to identify Downy brome usually grows from 4 to 30 inches (10 to 76 cm) tall. 2 The leaf blades and sheathes are light green in colour and covered with fine, soft hairs. However, the entire plant will often develop a purplish colour as it matures. The seed head panicles are drooping, with nodding spikelets, and 2 to 6 inches (5 to 15 cm) long. 2 The seed awns are about 1 cm long. 1 JAPAneSe brome Japanese brome is rapidly spreading across the southern Prairie provinces and competing strongly for yield in all major crops. Japanese brome can be found both as a winter and spring annual, which makes it versatile to compete in all cereal crops, including spring and winter wheat. How to identify Japanese brome is similar in height to Downy brome. Like Downy brome, the sheaths and leaves of Japanese brome are light green in colour with fine, soft hairs. However, Japanese brome normally maintains its green colour throughout its lifecyle. The seed head panicle is often more erect than Downy brome and the spikelet awns are often shorter (<1 cm). 1 Grande Prairie ALBERTA SASKATCHEWAN MANITOBA Edmonton Prince Albert North Battleford Red Deer Saskatoon Calgary Kindersley Yorkton Dauphin Lethbridge Medicine Hat Swift Current Maple Creek Regina Moose Jaw Moosomin Brandon Winnipeg Weyburn Downy Brome Downy Brome Japanese Brome Japanese Brome 1 Blackshaw, K.G. Beck, Colorado State University 83

86 t H i S t L e control the facts on canada thistle AnD why control is So important to yield Yield losses due to Canada thistle infestation are greater than for any other perennial broadleaf weed in western Canada. In-crop treatments with Prestige XC, Spectrum, or Ecplise III hit thistles before they have a chance to compete all year, while also controlling many other broadleaf weeds. For added convenience, a single treatment of Prestige XC or Spectrum delivers a 73 percent thistle stand reduction in the year after application. How thistle affects yield. Canada thistle competes strongly with all field crops, and losses of up to 75 percent have been reported. Canada thistle is three times more competitive than wild oats. Research at Regina, Saskatchewan showed five thistle shoots/square yard reduced wheat yields 18 percent and 21 shoots/square yard reduced wheat yields by 61 percent. Manitoba research showed eight thistle shoots/square yard reduced barley yields 20 percent and 33 shoots/square yard reduced barley yields 40 percent. Alberta studies showed a 26 percent yield loss in canola with thistle infestations of 17 shoots/square yard. Seed A single Canada thistle plant can produce as many as 5,000 seeds, but the average is 1,500 with variability as high as 95 percent. Canada thistle seeds can germinate 10 days after reaching maturity, and can regenerate top growth as early as 19 days after emergence. Seeds can remain dormant for 20 years in the soil, and can remain viable in fresh water for up to four years. Although both male and female Canada thistle plants produce flowers, only female plants produce seed. The closer together the plants are in a patch, the larger the amount of seed produced. Research show that when plants were within 3.3 metres large amounts of seed were produced, but at distances of 50 to 60 metres, only two to three seeds per head were formed. Although Canada thistle seed has a relatively inefficient means of spreading compared to the spreading root system, stopping Canada thistle from going to seed is still very important. One seed under the right conditions can start a problem infestation in a totally new area or field. 84

87 t H i S t L e control Shoots and roots Seedlings develop a main tap root that grows several inches down into the soil before true leaves emerge. Four to five weeks after germination, the main tap root thickens and produces secondary lateral roots. These roots grow horizontally from the main root, sending new shoots up from underground buds (vegetative reproduction). Within one season, the horizontal movement of the root system can be as great as six metres in diameter and produce a total root length of 500 metres in one season. Vertical roots can extend to depths of 2.4 metres or more depending on the soil texture, fertility, subsoil moisture, vegetative cover and height of the water table. Canada thistle roots have been found as deep as six metres into the soil. thistle in summer and fall Although roots are more numerous near the surface, over half the root mass is located below the depth of tillage. If the above ground part of the plant is removed or killed, the plant simply sends up new shoots from the extensive root system. Shoots regenerating from the creeping root system emerge from the soil in mid-may, when average weekly temperatures reach about 5 C. Shoots grow rapidly in June as temperatures reach 15 to 25 C. Flower buds appear four to six weeks after emergence, usually in mid-june. Flowering can last into September. In September, a flush of new shoots may emerge and continue to grow until the tops are killed by frost. Since Canada thistle can tolerate frost, it can grow later into the fall than most other broadleaf species. The above ground portion of the plant produces food which is stored in the underground root system. Shoots that have regrown even a few centimetres in height can start replenishing the root reserves in late summer. optimum control Prior to the flowering stage is the optimum time to control Canada thistle with herbicides. Not only are the root reserves lowest at this time, but this stage also overlaps with the growth stage when maximum translocation of most herbicides to the roots occurs. By using a herbicide which translocates well, such as Prestige XC, Spectrum, or Eclipse III, a thistle infestation may be significantly reduced with one application at this stage, preserving yield that year and the next. Questions and answers Q: can peas be grown in rotation after Prestige Xc, Spectrum, or eclipse iii? A: To ensure safe rotation to peas in the year following the use of Prestige XC, Spectrum, or Eclipse lll at least 140 mm (5.5 inches) of rainfall must have been received during June to August in the year of application. Total rainfall from April to September must have totalled at least 175 mm (6.9 inches). Q: thistle control expectations? A: Prestige XC or Spectrum applied in-crop in cereals has demonstrated season long control in the year of application and up to 73 percent thistle stand reduction in the following year. 85

88 HerbiciD e groups classification of HerbiciDe group numbers by risk of SeLection for weed resistance Moderate high High Herbicide resistance development risk based on number of applications: Low moderate Moderate other High <10 Moderate Low >20 Low Adapted from Beckle, H.J., 2006 Herbicide Resistant Weeds: Management Tactics & Practices Weed Technology Vol. 20 Issue 3 (July-September) pp ( Other : all other herbicide groups that pose a low or moderate risk) one ProbLem. many tools. every field. Herbicide Product name Attain Xc benchmark eclipse iii Herbicide common name fluroxypyr and 2,4-D Ester florasulam and bromoxynil clopyralid and glyphosate edge granular ethalfluralin 3 Herbicide group weeds controlled 4 and 4 Broadleaves 2 and 6 Broadleaves 4 and 9 Broadleaves and Grasses Broadleaves and Grasses frontline XL florasulam and MCPA 2 and 4 Broadleaves frontline 2,4-D Xc florasulam and 2,4-D Ester 2 and 4 Broadleaves Liquid Achieve tralkoxydim 1 Grasses Lontrel 360 clopyralid 4 Broadleaves maverick iii glyphosate 9 octtain XL PrePass Xc Prestige Xc fluroxypyr and 2,4-D Ester florasulam and glyphosate fluroxypyr and clopyralid and MCPA Ester Simplicity pyroxsulam 2 Stellar Spectrum tandem florasulam, fluroxypyr and MCPA Ester florasulam, clopyralid and MCPA Ester pyroxsulam and fluroxypyr vantage Plus max ii glyphosate 9 Broadleaves and Grasses 4 and 4 Broadleaves 2 and 9 Broadleaves and Grasses 4 and 4 and 4 Broadleaves Broadleaves and Grasses 2 and 4 Broadleaves 2 and 4 and 4 Broadleaves 2 and 4 Broadleaves and Grasses Broadleaves and Grasses 86

89 HerbiciD e res i S t A nce Twenty years ago, when herbicide resistant weeds first hit the radar, it could be argued that most growers thought it was someone else s problem. And while today, many growers are aware of resistance and the need for vigilance, they still might not necessarily know it s their problem. In our surveys, the majority of growers say they know their herbicide groups well and rotate them, so we ve come a long way, says Dr. Hugh Beckie, Plant Scientist with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in Saskatoon. But the surveys also show that less than 10 percent of growers with resistance are aware they have it. It s not so much the NIMBY factor of the early years at play here, assures Dr. Beckie. It s more that a resistant patch is so small a grower missed it, or just didn t have the time to go out and look for it in the first place. Still, Dr. Beckie estimates that two out of every 10 fields in western Canada have at least one resistant weed present. It suggests that all growers, regardless of whether resistance has been confirmed on their farm, would be wise to think about resistance management when they make crop and herbicide choices. know your enemy Herbicide resistance develops mainly through the consistent use of one herbicide group over time. A weed that develops resistance passes the trait on through its seed and the cycle continues. It s why developing a plan and strategy to prevent the problem early is critical to getting it under control. The top resistant weed problems in western Canada draw a fairly clear picture of cropping patterns and herbicide use over the past 50 years: Group 1- and 2-resistant wild oats Group 1- and 3-resistant green foxtail (with Group 2-resistance starting to appear) Group 2-resistant kochia Group 2-resistant wild mustard Group 2-resistant chickweed 87

90 HerbiciD e res i S t A nce Wild mustard is one we re really flagging now, says Dr. Beckie. We ve found it in an increasing number of fields in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Resistant kochia is increasing very rapidly too, moving north into the parkland (black and grey soils). Indeed, a survey of over 100 fields in 2007 across all regions of the Prairies found over 80 percent of kochia populations with resistance. Brian Wintonyk, Product Technology Specialist with Dow AgroSciences, says he s seeing the same thing. In terms of broadleaf weeds, I think the widest scope of resistance is with kochia, he says Almost anywhere there s kochia, there s probably some resistance. It s not a hopeless situation by any means. The increased awareness around herbicide resistance, what causes it and how to deal with it bodes well for the future. five StePS to better management Beckie and Wintonyk say there are five things growers can do to help manage for herbicide resistance. 1. Choose products that employ multiple modes of action. Research findings suggest that using multiple modes of action in one herbicide application is an effective strategy. Products that combine multiple modes of action rely on a synergistic approach that acts on different sites within the targeted weed at the same time. Applying a product with multiple modes of action helps prevent weed escapes, because the few weeds tolerant to one mode of action will be killed by the second mode of action. This reduces the likelihood that resistant plants will survive and multiply. In Dr. Beckie s research, he has concluded that the use of multiple modes of action will be a more cost effective and sustainable approach than herbicide rotation alone. We found that herbicide mixtures were much better than rotation in delaying broadleaf herbicide resistance, he said. There are currently very few products on the market that offer true multi-mode of action on key weeds like hemp-nettle, cleavers, or chickweed. Dow AgroSciences offers Tandem and Stellar, which are both highly effective multi-mode product options for managing herbicide resistance. 2. rotate herbicide groups. You d be hard pressed to find a Prairie farmer who doesn t understand the importance of rotating herbicide groups, however there are some nuances to keep in mind. Growers need to ask themselves, am I rotating groups or brand names? says Wintonyk. Sometimes, if they find resistance to one group, a grower will switch to a different group, but then continue to use it heavily, he says. The inevitable result is development of resistance to the alternate group or even worse, a weed population with multiple resistance. There are challenges, to be sure. Pulse growers, for example, are cautious of what products they can use in cereals that will allow them to seed pulses in the following year. There are choices. Today s canola systems offer growers the choice of Groups 9, 10 and 2. Dr. Beckie and Wintonyk both say that Group 4 s offer a solid alternative for broadleaf weed control in cereals, particularly since 88

91 HerbiciD e res i S t A nce Group 4-resistance is rare. Planning and management are key to your success. When you get advice, think about how it will affect each field individually and consider previous weed programs and cropping rotations in each field. Advice that points you to completely eliminating a specific mode of action might not be in your best interest. It s far better to consider herbicide combinations that give you multiple modes of action and overlapping activity on the same weed. Although this won t eliminate potential resistance, it can reduce the risk. 3. change it up. The whole idea is to throw weeds off balance, says Wintonyk. If there s a way to deviate from what you ve always done on a field, then do it. Doing a pre-seed burndown at a different time than usual, choosing later or earlier maturing crops, switching to forages or a fall seeded crop are all ways to keep the weed population off balance, he says. One of the things we offer in the broadleaf area is that most of our products are combinations; multi-group products that attack weeds with more than one mode of action, says Wintonyk. Other integrated practices, like increasing seeding rates, using clean seed, proper equipment sanitation between fields and balancing fertility can help crops get ahead of the weeds. 4. Scout. Growers should scout before and after spraying, says Dr. Beckie. An accurate before and after picture of weed populations can be a good indicator of resistance. Then they should assess what kind of control they re getting, adds Wintonyk. Is it consistent control? Are there weed patches? A miss or a patch doesn t necessarily mean resistance is present, but it s a good heads up that something might not be right, and highlights areas that you should start to monitor closely. 5. test. If you want to be completely sure what you re dealing with and what your possible herbicide options are, then have suspicious weeds tested. Retailers, crop protection companies and extension services can all help. In the end, says Wintonyk, it s all about proactively planning to avoid resistance in the first place or, if you already have it, to manage it effectively so it doesn t spread. Following proper herbicide rotation guidelines ensures that the tools you have will be useful for many years to come. I m optimistic, says Dr. Beckie. I think many now see a brighter future in farming and are thinking more about how they farm their land. 89

92 HerbiciD e res i S t A nce using multi-modes of Action to manage HerbiciDe resistance The importance of effective herbicide resistance management cannot be overemphasized. If selection pressure is maintained at current rates, several herbicide controls now in use will soon become ineffective. Developing new herbicide chemistry takes a long time. From discovery through product registration can easily take 10 years. Herbicides should be viewed as a non-renewable resource and, to conserve our available weed control tools, growers need to adopt proactive management strategies. Rotating herbicide active ingredients from one season to the next has been the most common strategy used in western Canada over the past decade. Although herbicide rotation is still recommended, research now demonstrates that the use of multiple modes of action together in a single growing season is a more effective approach. Dr. Beckie has done extensive research comparing these two management options and his findings support this recommendation. The use of multiple modes of action for proactive resistance management will be more cost effective and sustainable in the long-term than high-risk broadleaf herbicides applied in rotation, he says. The important criteria in using multi-modes of action is to ensure the different active ingredients have multiple modes of action, are similar in their control of the target weed, and have similar soil persistence. Applying a product with multiple modes of action helps prevent weed escapes, because the few weeds tolerant to one mode of action will be killed by the second mode of action. This reduces the likelihood that resistant plants will survive and multiply. This synergistic action between two different chemistries can be hard to find. If mixing partners of different sites of action do not meet the criteria of similar efficacy and persistence, plus different propensity for selecting for resistance in target species, the effectiveness of mixtures for delaying target-site resistance will be reduced, Dr. Beckie says. The use of multiple modes of action is a proactive resistance management practice. Products provided as a customized formulation offering multiple modes of action are still few and far between. Dow AgroSciences has recognized and responded to the need for a multiple modes of action approach to herbicide resistance. Both Tandem and Stellar are unique in the marketplace in that they provide overlapping control of individual weed problems in a single application, says Wintonyk. Dow AgroSciences developed Stellar and Tandem to manage and delay the onset of weed resistance. Both herbicides contain a combination of two active ingredients, both of which deliver full control of tough weeds like cleavers, chickweed, and hemp-nettle. A well planned herbicide program along with products that combine multiple modes of action will ensure the weed control tools we have today remain effective. 90

93 HerbiciD e res i S t A nce HerbiciDe rotation AnD management it S not complicated Resistance to a herbicide group will reduce the effectiveness of herbicides in that group over time. Rotation of herbicide groups is one important measure growers can use to delay the onset of resistance to any one mode-of-action. The use of multi mode of action herbicides that provide overlapping control of individual weed problems in a single application is an even more effective way to delay the onset of herbicide resistance. The illustration on page 88 gives a relative ranking of risk of resistance developing from repeated use. By rotating herbicides, the risk of developing widespread resistance over a field drops. The top of the triangle indicates groups that may develop resistance quickly and those at the bottom of the triangle have demonstrated a low risk of resistance developing over long-term use. Be aware that low risk does not mean no risk since weeds have developed resistance to herbicides in these groups as well. 91

94 2,4-D AnD mcpa rates AnD conversions conversion chart for 2,4-D and mcpa Active ingredient (oz./ac.) Herbicide concentration (g ai/l) rate applied (ml/ac.) Acres per 10 L jug 1 MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester ,4-D/mcPA herbicide equivalencies Active ingredient formulation (ml/ac.) coverage (acres/10 L jug) oz./ac Calculation rounding may have occured. 92

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96 Accomplish more. through innovation. with Dow AgroSciences. Call the Solutions Center at or visit *Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC TM All other products are trademarks of their respective manufacturers 10/