O NOT COPY. Sorghum production quality in SAT; biology & technology. G E M S team. System Analysis for Climate Smart Agriculture Theme

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1 Sorghum production quality in SAT; biology & technology G E M S team System Analysis for Climate Smart Agriculture Theme by Keerthi Chandalavada, Jana Kholová et al. (ICRISAT) (+ILRI, QUAAFI, IIMR, Fraunhofer, HarvestMaster) Sorghum_21 st century_2018

2 How to enhance SAT systems production? M management G genotype YIELD QUALITY E environment Turning complexity into opportunity!!!

3 C O Dual purpose; stover/grain PY Rabi sorghum usage, SAT; Sorghum bread Livestock feed Current breeding product profile O T 0.5 Resistance/tolera Other criteria nce required Post-rainy season sorghum for food and feed Shoot fly, aphid and charcoal rot resistance; Post-flowering drought tolerance N Livestock per capita Product concept O Vikraman et al., in prep 12.3 Plant height: 2.0 to 2.2 m; Must have traits: White, globular, bold, lustrous grains; high biomass; high quality) stover Nice to have traits: high grain Zn and Fe; >2.8 g (100 grain weight Grain/stover qualities restrain cvs. adoption? Product development goals 5% increase in grain yield and 10% increase in stover yield over best check (M 35-1; Parbhani Moti, Phule Vasudah, Phule Revti)

4 Maldandi (M35-1) Optimal input Optimal input Limited input Limited Input Environment of cultivation reversed acceptability of products!

5 Overview: 1. Plant functions linked to WU;.yield quantity in SAT 2. Plant functions linked to WU;.yield quality in SAT? 3. Tools necessary to accelerate research on grain qualities

6 Plant functions linked to WU=> STG => yield QUANTITY (see V.Vadez ppt) M Grain Number vpd G Grain Yield A >A Biomass Crop production Grain Size & N RADN TE T RUE R int θ kl Root s SLN Hammer et al. APSIM Generic Crop Template k LAI N LNoT E Traits with high heritability, genetically and functionally correlated to yield in TPE Grain Yield (g plant -1 ) WU-related traits R² = drought tolerance (Vadez et al. 2011) (Murugesan et al. 2017) WU in week 3 after panicle emergence

7 TR (g/m-2/2h) Grain Number vpd Grain Yield A >A Biomass Grain Size & N RADN TE T RUE R int kl θ K359 R16 Roots SLN N k LAI LNo T Time during the day Crop WU => STG CANOPY growth & conductivity underlie stay-green ILs Leaf size (cm2) predicted (7001) S35 predicted (S35) Leaf No

8 Stover price (IR/kg DM) STG_QTLs alter stover quality y = x; R 2 = 0.75; P = Stover in vitro digestibility (%) Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006 STG_QTLs affect grain qualities WHAT are the functional processes & its genetics? (Chandalavada et al., in prep) Plant WU => STG => yield QUALITY stoverivod(%) R16 Blümmel et al., 2015 proteins(%) K359W 3 units/qtl 6040 R16 K648 K648 WW S35 2%/QTL WW S35 K359W stoverivod units/qtl WS R16 K648 K359W S Protein in grains 2%/QTL WS K359W R16 K S

9 grain size [g/100] y = x R² = Stem/stover ratio WHAT are the functional processes & its genetics? Senescence [%] => STG=> WU y = x R² = grain AA [w/w%] grain AA [w/w%] Δ senescence y = x R² = grain size [g/100] Δ Plant WU Δ grain qualities => genetic background dependency! (Chandalavada et al., in prep) Δ TE, photosynthesis

10 Canopy size [cm2] WHAT are the functional processes & its genetics? => Independent RIL populations with Δ grain size; % variability LA grain size small lower plants bulk LA grain size big higher plants bulk Grain size [g/100] grain size QTL co-localize with early vigor QTLs on chromosome 5 LOD N13 x E36-1. Grain size Canopy size Chromosome 5 (Chandalavada et al., in prep)

11 How to process so many samples? XRF prediction R 2 = 0.89 Zn content [ICP_MS] XRF+NIRS; calibration curves NIRS prediction (%) NIRS prediction (%) Protein y = x R² = Wet- LAB(%) [Kjeldahl] Multi-cereals protein y = x R² = Wet- LAB(%) [Kjeldahl]

12 Sample-processing...in the field??? => Adapt existing equipment for new usage => Physically combine pieces Processing quality Grain size, moisture, Bulk density Product definition Protein, Starch, Oil, AA. Value for human health Fe, Zn, Ca, As, Cd => Part of CG-EiB effort, multi-crop

13 Conclusion: 1. Plant functions linked to WU affect yield quantity and quality 2. More research needed to dissect causal mechanisms affecting quality 3. Breeding & research on crop qualities require reliable HTP tools!!!

14 Thank you Find us? Mission To reduce poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation in the dryland tropics