HGCA Agronomy Workshop - Gloucester

Transcription

1 HGCA Agronomy Workshop - Gloucester Gloucester Rugby Club Gloucester Wednesday 19 February 214 Registration and Lunch

2 Chair s Welcome Philip Dolbear Business Improvement Regional Manager (South) HGCA Fungicide performance in wheat, barley and oilseed rape Jonathan Blake, Senior Research Scientist, ADAS

3 Fungicide performance in wheat 213 The sites ADAS (Rosemaund / Herefordshire) Septoria tritici (5 spray timings) 2 NIAB TAG (Sutton Scotney / Hampshire) Septoria tritici (double trial) 3 SRUC (Fife) Septoria tritici (double trial) 4 ADAS (Terrington / Norfolk) Yellow rust 5 NIAB TAG (Cambridge) Brown rust 6 SRUC (Fife) Mildew 7 Teagasc (Carlow, Ireland) Septoria tritici

4 Disease data from 213 Target timing S. tritici Eradicant S. tritici Protectant Hereford GS37 S Scotney T1 GS32 S Scotney T2 GS39 Fife T1 GS32 Fife T2 GS39 Carlow GS32 Yellow Rust Norfolk GS39 Fife (mildew) GS32 Cambridge GS39 Brown Rust Powdery Mildew Treatment list 213 Septoria tritici sites Product Rosemaund Fife Sutton Scotney Carlow Bravo Timings only.5 only.5 only.5 only Ignite / Opus Max Proline Phoenix Imtrex Vertisan Aviator Adexar Vertisan + Ignite Rates only

5 Penthiopyrad + Ignite HGCA Full rate tested = 1.25 l/ha penthiopyrad (Vertisan) l/ha Ignite HGCA Full rate tested = 1.5 l/ha penthiopyrad (Vertisan) l/ha Ignite Septoria protectant 213 (n=8) AviatorXpro Adexar Vertisan + Ignite % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% % of full label rate

6 Septoria protectant (n=12) Septoria eradicant (n=5) Aviator Xpro Adexar Vertisan + Ignite 25 % S. tritici % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% % of full label rate

7 Rusts 213 Last season Yellow rust Yellow rust epidemics delayed by cold March in 213 Still a major threat in Oakley; other susceptible varieties include: Solstice, Gallant, KWS Kielder and Viscount Brown rust No new data from FP trials in 213 (cold spring) Over 5% of RL varieties rated 5 or less for brown rust Weather from now on will determine risk for 214 (currently higher than last few years due to mild winter) Terrington Yellow rust (n=2) 16 Proline Ignite Imtrex Comet Aviator235Xpro Seguris % yellow rust % yellow rust Adexar Vertisan + Ignite 2 2 % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% % of full label rate % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% % of full label rate

8 Sutton Scotney 212 Brown rust 14 Proline 14 Aviator Xpro 12 1 Ignite Imtrex 12 1 Seguris Adexar Vertisan + Ignite % brown rust % brown rust % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% % of full label rate % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% % of full label rate % Septoria tritici control with epoxiconazole Historical trends ( ): Protectant % Control of Septoria tritci R 2 =.5991 Half label rate R 2 =.3215 Full label rate

9 % Septoria tritici control with prothioconazole Historical trends (21 213): Protectant % control Septoria tritici R 2 = R 2 = Half label rate 2 Full label rate % Septoria tritici control with epoxiconazole Historical trends ( ): Eradicant % control S. tritici R 2 = R 2 = Half label rate 2 1 Full label rate

10 % Septoria tritici control with prothioconazole Historical trends (21 212): Eradicant 1 Half label rate 1 Full label rate % control Septoria tritici R 2 = R 2 = Opus and Proline Eradicant activity (same year span) 1 Half label rate 1 Full label rate % control Septoria tritici R 2 =.6289 R 2 = R 2 =.6545 R 2 = Proline Opus / Ignite

11 Key Messages Septoria tritici In protectant situations, half rates of best azoles provided less than 5% control. All SDHI + azole mixes gave 91-99% control Solo SDHI s very active but azoles and multisite partners are important to broaden activity and reduce resistance risk Phoenix adds some useful protectant activity Bravo very effective in a protectant situation Yields responses in 213 trials were low (<.5 t/ha) Yellow rust SDHI s and strobilurins useful but less active than azoles Stewardship of SDHI fungicides Maximum of 2 SDHI fungicide-containing sprays. (statutory requirement) Always use SDHI fungicides in mixture with at least one fungicide from an alternative mode of action group that has efficacy against the target pathogen(s) Tank mixing 2 SDHI fungicides is not an antiresistance strategy

12 Fungicide performance in barley 213 Barley FP trials 213 Target disease Number of trials Organisation Powdery mildew 1 SRUC Rhynchosporium 3 SRUC, ADAS, TEAGASC Net blotch 2 ADAS, NIAB TAG Brown rust 1 NIAB TAG Ramularia 1 SRUC Site Fife Cardigan Ireland Malton, N. Yorkshire Fife Diseases present Rhynchosporium Rhynchosporium Rhynchosporium Net blotch Mildew

13 Rhynchosporium protection 213 (n=3) Rhynchosporium % Proline Phoenix Zulu Imtrex Rhynchosporium % Siltra Xpro Adexar Vertisan + Proline 2 2 % 5% 1% 15% 2% % of full label rate % 5% 1% 15% 2% % of full label rate Rhynchosporium % Rhynchosporium protection over years (n=4) Ignite Proline Comet Phoenix Zulu Rhynchosporium % Vertisan + Proline Bontima Siltra Xpro Adexar 2 1 % 5% 1% 15% 2% % of full label rate 2 1 % 5% 1% 15% 2% % of full label rate

14 Rhynchosporium % Rhynchosporium eradication over years (n=4) Ignite Proline Comet Zulu Rhynchosporium % Vertisan + Proline Bontima Siltra Xpro Adexar 2 % 5% 1% 15% 2% % of full label rate 2 % 5% 1% 15% 2% % of full label rate Barley mildew 213 (n=2) Mildew % Proline Imtrex Phoenix Zulu Mildew % Vertisan + Proline Bontima Siltra Xpro Adexar % 5% 1% 15% 2% % of full label rate % 5% 1% 15% 2% % of full label rate

15 Net blotch protection over years (n=4) Net Blotch% 12 Ignite 1 Proline Comet 8 Zulu 6 4 Net Blotch % Bontima Siltra Xpro Adexar Vertisan + Proline 2 2 % 5% 1% 15% 2% % of full label rate % 5% 1% 15% 2% % of full label rate Barley brown rust (21 data) Brown rust % Bontima Siltra Xpro Adexar Proline Comet Opus 2 % 25% 5% 75% 1% % of full label rate

16 Ramularia protection over years (n=3) Key Messages Siltra Xpro and Adexar showed good broad spectrum activity in 213, consistent with previous years Proline still a highly effective azole on barley diseases Comet (strobilurin) remains effective against net blotch Phoenix has some (protectant) activity on Rhynchosporium SDHIs mixes performing well and quite closely matched

17 Fungicide performance in oilseed rape 213 Light leaf spot

18 Light leaf spot incidence, N Yorks. 213 cv PR46W21 Light leaf spot incidence, Edinburgh 213 cv PR46W21

19 Dose response and light leaf spot control Sclerotinia Treatment at flowering protects against sclerotinia Timing is critical no curative activity

20 Sclerotinia control Hereford 212 HGCA Fungicide performance Sclerotinia control Hereford 1 July Untreated.5 1 Sclerotinia index (-1) Amistar Compass Filan Galileo Proline Prosaro Tectura Topsin LSD = Large yield responses to sclerotinia control: Hereford Untreated.5 1 Yield (t/ha) Amistar Compass Filan Galileo Proline Prosaro Tectura Topsin

21 Sclerotinia control and fungicide dose 2.5 Kent 27 Kent 28 Hereford 27 Hereford 28 Yield response (t/ha) Dose Sclerotinia control summary Evaluate risk: previous monitoring history of cropping weather /crop microclimate Where risk is high consider using: up to 75% doses of active products more than one application Spray timing is critical protectant activity 3 weeks

22 Thank you Pests: managing resistance with less chemistry Steve Ellis, ADAS, High Mowthorpe

23 Pest management The future?! Fewer new products 12 New active ingredient (AI) registations by decade No. of AI registrations 8 4

24 Legislation Plant Protection Products (Sustainable Use) Regulations 212 Sustainable Use of Pesticides (Directive 29/128/EC) National Action Plans Low input regimes Integrated Pest Management Insecticide Resistance Evolution

25 Beware black-grass Managing with less chemistry 1. Thresholds Robust & user friendly Take account of crop tolerance 2. Resistance Predicting insecticide longevity Anti-resistance strategies 3. Beneficial organisms in crops IPM HGCA pest & beneficial encyclopaedia 4. Pest management (not control) Sub-lethal effects

26 Thresholds: Pollen beetle resistance in Europe (211) % of populations in susceptibility catagory 1% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Highly Resistant Resistant Moderately resistant Susceptible Highly susceptible Excess flower number is dependent on variety in winter rape Variety Excess flowers/m 2 28/9 29/1 Castille (OP) Excalibur (Hybrid) PR54D3 (Semi dwarf hybrid) Mean

27 Excess flower number is inversely related to plant number Excess flowers per plant Castille 29 Excalibur 29 PR45D3 29 Castille 21 Excalibur 21 PR45D Plants/m 2 Pollen beetle threshold increases with decreasing plant number Pollen beetle threshold per plant 5 Winter OSR 45 Spring OSR Plants/m 2

28 Revised pollen beetle thresholds Plant population/m 2 Threshold (beetles/plant) Less than More than 7 7 Loss of neonicotinoids On 24 May 213, a restriction on the use of three neonicotinoids was adopted by the European Commission Neonicotinoids Acetamiprid Clothianadin Imidacloprid Thiamethoxam Thiacloprid For at least 2 years Courtesy of Caroline Nicholls, HGCA

29 Controlling CSFB without neonicotinoids Adults shot-holing, loss of leaf area Larvae mine stems, loss of crop vigour Controlling CSFB without neonicotinoids HGCA research Field experiment Can we control CSFB without neonictinoids? Test efficacy of pyrethroids Pot experiment How tolerant is OSR to loss of leaf area? Measure impact of loss of 2, 5 or 1% leaf area

30 Peach potato aphid and turnip yellows virus (TuYV) Spray decisions should be justified IS16 currently being updated to remove neonic seed treatment and add pymetrozine foliar spray HGCA Aphid News Combating Insecticide resistance in major UK pests Diploid Sexually reproducing Single generation per year Heterozygotes (SR) intermediately sensitive SS SR High Low Dose

31 Effective anti-resistance strategies Pest biology Generations/year Reproduction Diploid/haploid Alternations Applications Mixtures Dose Untreated refuges Assessing resistance risk 8 7 Time until first detection of resistance - 14 AI introduction dates (European cases) 6 No. of cases FDR time (years)

32 Beneficial insects in crops Beneficial insects in crops HGCA Encyclopaedia of pests & beneficial invertebrates Detail on IPM components Aiming for publication at Cereals 214

33 Pest management Not control Do you have to kill the pest? Prevent it from feeding Protect susceptible stage of crop Investigate sub-lethal effects of insecticides Pest management Sub-lethal effects Vine weevil (HDC/HNS 112) Indoxacarb - vomiting and abnormal movement Lambda-cyhalothrin - abnormal movement Whitefly Imidacloprid and bifenthrin anti-feedant Reduced fecundity

34 Take home messages Less actives available in the future Managing development of resistance will be a challenge Research already underway to mitigate against reduction in available chemistry Pest management and IPM likely to become increasingly important Thank you

35 Advances in black-grass control Richard Hull, Research scientist Rothamsted Research

36 Current status of resistance management 1. No new modes of action 2. Loss / reduced use of current actives 3. Resistance does not go away Resistance does not go way

37 Current status of resistance management 1. No new modes of action 2. Loss / reduced use of current actives 3. Resistance does not go away 4. Resistance will develop to every herbicide? 5. Cannot rely solely on herbicides for control 6. Resistance will not develop to cultural control options? Advances in black-grass control?..cropping with spring-sown in place of autumn-sown crops will generally eradicate black-grass..the germination of seeds should be encouraged on the stubble, the seedlings being destroyed by subsequent cultivation. For this to be effective,.. the preparatory cultivations for the winter-sown corn crop should be delayed, within practical limitations, for as long a period as possible. The eradication of slender foxtail. Ling & Price. (193) J. of the Ministry of Agriculture

38 Non-chemical control of black-grass in winter wheat Method Number of % reduction achieved experiments Mean Range Ploughing 25 69% - 82% to 95% Delayed autumn drilling 19 31% - 71% to 97% Higher seed rates 16 26% + 7% to 63% Competitive cultivars 5 22% + 8% to 45% Spring cropping 6 9% +78 to 99% Fallowing/grass leys - 7-8%/year (of seedbank) Based on review, by Lutman, Moss, Cook & Welham, Weed Research, 213 Agro-ecology 5 key elements 1. Seed 1. longevity Agro-ecology in soil 74% 5 decline/year key elements 2. Depth of emergence < 5 cm from soil surface 3. Emergence pattern 8% early autumn 4. Population dynamics 98% control needed (ST) 5. A competitive weed aim for <5 plants/m 2

39 Delayed drilling reducing black-grass heads (untreated) Delayed drilling reducing black-grass heads (treated)

40 Greater pre-em control at later drilling dates Three benefits from delayed drilling 1. It will usually result in lower black-grass populations as more can be destroyed before drilling 2. It will often result in better control from the herbicide programme as conditions for residual herbicides will be better (more soil moisture, cooler temperatures) 3. Black-grass is normally less competitive (produces fewer heads / plant) in later drilled crops

41 Effect of spring cropping at reducing black-grass populations No herbicides applied 78 % 95 % 86 % 96 % 99 % 87 % *2/1 1 May Year Mean % reduction = 9 % Is Atlantis selecting for resistance to other herbicides? the bigger threat? ED 5 increased from 76 to 549 g Atlantis/ha a 7.1 fold increase

42 Is Atlantis selecting for resistance to other herbicides? the bigger threat? ED 5 increased from 58 to 73 g flufenacet/ha a 1.3 fold increase Future control methods Band spraying (glyphosate inter row) GM crops Crop competition (variety, narrow rows) Weed mapping Variable rate spraying Mechanical weeding Synergists Electrocution Laser weeding Controlled straw burning Smokey water

43 Key to sustainable black-grass control Diversity Rotation Crops Tillage Herbicides Thank you

44 Shaping the direction of arable research Dr Vicky Foster, Senior Research Manager HGCA HGCA Mission To deliver a world-class arable industry through Independence, Innovation, & Investment

45 Grower priorities from 21 % response Priorities for new R&D investment Crop nutrition management Pesticide performance Pest & disease forecasting Integrated crop management e.g. for weed control Soil management Managing food safety e.g. mycotoxins Responding to legislation & its impacts Adapting to the impacts of climate change Precision Farming Carbon footprinting & Green House Gas mitigation Equipment & machinery Processor priorities from 21 % response Priorities for new R&D investment Crop nutrition management Pesticide performance Pest & disease forecasting Integrated crop management e.g. for weed control Soil management Managing food safety e.g. mycotoxins Responding to legislation & its impacts Adapting to the impacts of climate change Precision Farming Carbon footprinting & Green House Gas mitigation Equipment & machinery

46 Grower priorities from 21 % response Which are likely to become more important markets to you in the next 1 years? Biofuels Animal feed Specialist milling Specialist oil crops Specialist malting Minor crops e.g. triticale Bioplastics Organics Processor priorities from 21 % response Which are likely to become more important markets to you in the next 1 years? Biofuels Animal feed Specialist milling Specialist oil crops Specialist malting Minor crops e.g. triticale Bioplastics Organics

47 Investing in Innovation Launched April strategic objectives 1. Increasing crop yields 2. Optimising inputs 3. Increasing crop value 4. Preparing the industry Priority matrix (web only) 31 specific areas R & KT Advisory Committee - gap analysis for new projects 1 areas identified as high priorities with little or no current research investment: Gap Analysis 1 1. Soil management 2. Phosphate management 3. Weed control 4. Animal feed quality 5. GHG and C accounting Gap Analysis 2 6. Crop nutrition 7. Pest management 8. Water 9. Grain quality In Progress 1. Industrial Uses

48 What s been achieved so far. Issued 12 new calls for projects 73 new projects commissioned to date 13.5m levy invested m of co-funding (incl. RL) Projects commissioned in 28 out of 31 research areas HGCA calls for projects New Research Projects No. projects HGCA Soil Management 3 1,6, Nutrient Management 4 7, Animal Feed Quality & Nutrition 3 55, Integrated Weed Control 2 3, Added value chemicals (industrial uses) 2 25, Grain Quality (in progress) , Long-term Agronomy Services UK Cereal Pathogen Virulence Survey 1 76, Monitoring of Mycotoxin and Contaminants 1 65, Fungicide Performance (wheat/barley/osr in progress) 1 1,4, Driven by 21 consultation

49 HGCA Expenditure Budget 214/15: 11.5M 14% Research & KT Trade Development 12% 9% 49% International Supply Chain Integration Market Intelligence 7% 3% 6% Communications Support Support includes: HR / IT / Finance / Facilities / Board / Training / Director s team / AHDB team / Offices

50 Making the go further 16m HGCA v Co-funding to date Industry Cash 5% Industry In Kind 26% HGCA Cash 46% Value ' HGCA Cash 13,467 HGCA in Kind 35 Other AHDB 383 DEFRA 1,838 BBSRC 3,979 DARD 649 Charity 18 Industry Cash 1,477 Industry in Kind 7,745 Charity % DARD 2% BBSRC 14% DEFRA 6% HGCA In kind % Other AHDB 1% TOTAL 29,59

51 Developing the strategy Review Meetings Questionnaire Draft Strategy Industry Consultation Review Data Analysis New Strategy January 215 Design Action 1. What are the main challenges facing the industry? 2. What priority research could be done to address these challenges? 3. Are there any communication gaps that need addressing?

52 Have Your Say Please complete the HGCA research questionnaires and you could also win a British produce hamper! Also available online at : Contact me directly with any further suggestions for new research priorities at: vicky.foster@hgca.ahdb.org.uk Thank you

53 Refreshments Soil management workshop Philip Wright, Wright Resolutions Shamal Mohammed, HGCA

54 Growth-Limiting Bulk Density Dr Shamal Mohammed Research Manager Natural Resources, HGCA Measuring compaction - bulk density Dry bulk density = Mass of dry soil/total volume of soil 18

55 Factors Affecting 1- Inherent - Bulk density is dependent on soil texture and the densities of soil mineral (sand, silt, and clay) and organic matter particles, as well as their packing arrangement. Bulk density typically increases with soil depth Dynamic - Bulk density is changed by crop and land management practices that affect soil cover, organic matter and soil structure. BD Cultivation can cause increase in bulk density of the soil (compaction). BD Relationship to Soil Function Bulk density reflects the soil s ability to function for structural support, water and movement, and soil aeration. Soil Ideal for Plant growth Restrict Plant growth Sand 1.6 Kg 1.8 Kg Silt 1.4 Kg 1.65 Kg Clay 1.1 Kg 1.47 Kg One Litre

56 Problems with Poor Function High bulk density is an indicator of low soil porosity and soil compaction. It may cause restrictions to root growth, and poor movement of air and water through the soil. Result in shallow plant rooting and poor plant growth, influencing crop yield. Low Mid High Problems with Poor Function Reduce water infiltration into the soil, compaction can lead to increased runoff (flooding) and erosion (loss of nutrients) from sloping land or waterlogged soils in flatter areas (stop crop growth)

57 Measures to reduce risk of high bulk density compactions Minimise soil disturbance and field operation when soils are wet. Reduce number of the passes, wheeling and trafficking Avoid the number of passes across the field Subsoil to disrupt existing compacted layers Use practices that maintain or increase soil organic matter Thank you

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