Biology and Control of Chinese Creeper. Brent A. Sellers UF-IFAS

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1 Biology and Control of Chinese Creeper Brent A. Sellers UF-IFAS

2 The genus Mikania More than 400 species Most in tropical America Very few weedy species

3 The genus Mikania Twining vines Opposite leaves Tribe Eupatoriae inflorescence similar to Eupatorium species

4 Mikania Flower Heads 4 phyllaries 4 florets Pappus of capillary bristles

5 Mikania Species Native to Florida Mikania cordifolia Found mostly South Florida tropical America in hammocks Has large flower heads

6 Mikania Species Native to Florida Mikania scandens throughout Florida eastern USA in moist habitats Has small flower heads

7 Mikania micrantha Widespread in tropical America including West Indies Weedy Tropical Asia & Pacific Islands Federal & Florida noxious weed Not weedy in natural habitat One of the top 10 worst weeds world-wide Confirmed in continental USA

8 Leaves Mikania micrantha Pale green or yellowgreen Petioles/Stems Lack red pigment Flowers White M. scandens - pink Identification

9 Mikania micrantha Identification Phyllaries & inflorescence Glabrous Unlike M. scandens (pilose) Whole plant Glabrescent Unlike M. scandens Leaves Upper surface with few glands Unlike M. scandens

10 Pseudostipules Mikania micrantha Identification Rare in Compositae Present in some Mikania M. micrantha has irregularly toothed flap

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12 Mikania Dispersal Plant sections 1 node 2 nodes better Seed Windblown Water currents 70-90% germination Single stalk produces 20,000-40,000 seeds

13 Potential in Florida Figure. Native range and predicted suitability of the Florida climate for Mikania micrantha.

14 The Problem What herbicides could be used? Cropping systems in Homestead Nursery production 2,4-D use is a concern Want homeowners to have access to herbicides for treatment

15 Greenhouse Screening 2-node sections planted into 1 gal pots Grown to 8 and 16 inches Greenhouse sprayer at 20 GPA Control Visual at 15, 30 and 45 DAT Biomass 45 DAT 45 DAC (re-growth)

16 Greenhouse Screening 45 DAT REMEDY 2 PT REMEDY 1 PT GRASP 1.5 OZ GRASP 1 OZ CIMARRON 2 OZ CIMARRON 1 OZ PLATEAU 12 OZ PLATEAU 6 OZ CLEARCAST 64 OZ CLEARCAST 32 OZ ROUNDUP 4 QT ROUNDUP 2 QT IGNITE 44 OZ IGNITE 22 OZ VISTA 2.66 PT VISTA 1.33 PT MILESTONE 7 OZ MILESTONE 3 OZ MAT28 4 OZ MAT28 2 OZ Control (% DW reduction)

17 Regrowth 45 DAC REMEDY 2 PT REMEDY 1 PT GRASP 1.5 OZ GRASP 1 OZ CIMARRON 2 OZ CIMARRON 1 OZ PLATEAU 12 OZ PLATEAU 6 OZ CLEARCAST 64 OZ CLEARCAST 32 OZ ROUNDUP 4 QT ROUNDUP 2 QT IGNITE 44 OZ IGNITE 22 OZ VISTA 2.66 PT VISTA 1.33 PT MILESTONE 7 OZ MILESTONE 3 OZ MAT28 4 OZ MAT28 2 OZ Control (% DW reduction)

18 Titration Studies Greenhouse grown Herbicide treatments (16-inch plants) Glyphosate 0, 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, & 4.48 kg/ha MAT28 0, 0.04, 0.07, 0.14, & 0.28 kg/ha Aminopyralid 0, 0.002, 0.03, 0.06, & 0.12 kg/ha Triclopyr 0, 0.23, 0.56, 1.12, & 2.24 kg/ha Fluroxypyr 0, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, & 1.12 kg/ha Biomass 45 DAT 45 DAC (regrowth)

19 Biomass 45 DAT

20 Glyphosate 120 Green weight (% of untreated ) Glyphosate rate (kg/ha) y = 96.6 x e (-0.75x) ; R 2 = 0.96

21 Aminocyclopyrachlor (MAT28) Green weight (% of untreated) Aminocyclopyrachlor rate (kg/ha) y = 99.7 x e (-26.9x) ; R 2 = 0.99

22 Aminopyralid Green weight (% of untreated) Aminopyralid rate (kg/ha) y = 58.4 x e ( x ) x e (-9.4x) ; R 2 = 0.96

23 Triclopyr 120 Green weight (% of untreated) Triclopyr rate (kg/ha) y = x e (-5.2x) ; R 2 = 0.99

24 Fluroxypyr 120 Green weight (% of untreated) Fluroxypyr rate (kg/ha) y = x e (-39.0x) ; R 2 = 0.99

25 Glyphosate Regrowth Aminocyclopyrachlor rate (kg/ha) b b a a Green weight reduction (% of untreated)

26 Aminocyclopyrachlor Regrowth 0.04 c Glyphosate rate (kg/ha) b a a Green weight reduction (% of untreated)

27 Aminopyralid Regrowth Aminopyralid rate (kg/ha) c b a a Green weight reduction (% of untreated)

28 Triclpyr Regrowth 0.28 b Triclopyr rate (kg/ha) a a a Green weight reduction (% of untreated)

29 Fluroxypyr Regrowth Glyphosate rate (kg/ha) NS Green weight reduction (% of untreated)

30 Conclusions Fluroxypyr and aminocyclorpyrachlor provide the highest levels of control Glyphosate and aminopyralid, provide effective control only at the highest rates, but do prevent regrowth at these rates Fluroxypyr>aminocyclopyrachlor>triclopyr >aminopyralid>glyphosate

31 Future Research Evaluation of treatments in the field PRE herbicides