Korean Soil Information System for Research-Extension-Network

Transcription

1 Korean Soil Information System for Research-Extension-Network Kangho Jung, Deogbae Lee, Yejin Lee Department of Agricultural Environment National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS) Rural Development Administration (RDA)

2 Sustainable use and management (of soil resources) Productivity Sustainability Security 2/36

3 Contents 1 Modern history of South Korea and the role of soil information 2 1) 홍보성과 Korean Soil Information System 3 1) 홍보성과 Prospects of the soil information system 3/36

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5 Absolute poverty after Korean War s GNI per capita: 67$(1953) Development Assistance - United Nations Development Program (UNDP), US Agency for International Development (USAID), etc. Foreign money earning - Emigrated mine workers & nurses to West Germany. - Dispatched an army to Vietnam war. This country is a nightmare, an albatross, a rat hole, a bottomless pit. Aid did not for economic development, or even wore, doused its people with a welfare mentality -USAID Report on Republic of Korea (1961) AgroTechnology - Rural Area Promotion Act launched. - RDA was founded in /36

6 1 st Mission of soil information Structure of RDA in Plant Environment Institute (Soil & Fertility Dept.) - Crop Experiment Station - Horticultural Experimental Station - Livestock Experimental Station , UN Development Program - Soil Survey Project : 9,847,800ha - Manpower 7 FAO experts, 116 RDA - Budget UN $736,900, Kor. Gov. $863,294

7 Soil Survey Project Soil classification and 1:50K map Inventory of soil characteristics

8 Academic classification Order: 7 Orders (Inceptisols>> Entisols (82%)>> Ultisols > Alfisols > Andisols >> Mollisols > Histols) Suborder: 13 Suborders (Udepts, Aquepts, etc.) Series: 390 series Practical classification for agriculture Paddy soil: ordinary, sandy, poorly drained, newly reclaimed, saline, acid sulfate Upland soil: ordinary, sandy, heavy clayey, newly reclaimed, plateau, volcanic ash Soil management with type

9 Paddy soil in 1960s ph (1:5) OM (g/kg) Av. P 2 O 5 (mg/kg) Ex.K (cmol c /kg) (5.5~6.5) (25~30) (80~120) (0.25~0.30) Upland soil in 1960s ph (1:5) OM (g/kg) Av. P 2 O 5 (mg/kg) Ex.K (cmol c /kg) (6.0~6.5) (20~30) (150~250) (0.45~0.65) - The ranges in () are adequate ranges. Soil fertilization project with practical soil type

10 76%p 50%p 35%p 47%p Av. P 2 O 5 (mg/kg) Ex. K (cmol c /kg)

11 Rapid economic growth in 1970s Increased RDA researcher by increasing soil researchers - ( 70) 750 ( 71) 850 ( 75) 1,000 Soil Survey by RDA only - 1:25K soil maps for the whole country Saemaeul Movement Soil Fertilization Project Green Revolution in Rice Production - Development of Tong-il variety (Japo. x Indi.) - Supply of seeds and improvement of soil fertility in farmland Construction in mid-eastern Asia Achievement of rice self-sufficiency 11/36

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13 Economic growth & soil fertility GNI Trend($/capita) Rice sufficiency Av. P 2 O 5 (mg/kg) Ex. K (cmol c /kg) 13/36

14 2 nd Mission of soil information Crop production Environment Economy 1950s 1960s Understanding and improving soil properties 1970s 1980s Substantial increase of production 1990s Environment-friendly agriculture Sustainable nutrient management 14/36

15 Standard fertilizer application rates (kg/10a) Crop 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s N Rice P K N Upland crop P K Field vegetable Greenhouse vegetable N P K N P K /36

16 Fertilization rates by soil test Factors of fertilization rate equations Fertilizer Paddy Upland Plastic film house Orchard Nitrogen SOM* SOM Nitrate or electrical SOM Available SiO 2 conductivity Phosphate Available P 2 O 5 Available P 2 O 5 Available P 2 O 5 Available P 2 O 5 Potassium oxide Exchangeable K Exchangeable K Exchangeable K Exchangeable K *Soil organic matter Tested 616,000 soil samples b/t 1980 and

17 Precision agriculture Scientific means of sustainable agriculture Site specific crop management Right time, right place, & right amount Detail soil survey & soil test project Detail soil survey project in 1990s 1:5,000 soil maps for arable lands Soil labs in all extension stations - Tested 2,408,936 soil samples b/t Soil information system Heulg-To-Ram 17/36

18 Objectives of Heulg-To-Ram To introduce the history of soil survey and classification. To provide detailed information on soil characteristics at a field, regional, and national level for farmers, researchers, and policy makers. - Digitized soil maps - Recommended fertilizer application rates - Statistical data and so on. 18

19 Web-GIS System for Agro-Environmental Maps (`07~`12) Korean Soil Information System(`02~`06) (1:5,000 Soils Maps Service) Digitization of Soil Maps(`98~`05) Soil Testing DB(`98~present) Precise Soil Survey(`95~`99) 1:5,000 (MMU, 10 a) Detailed Soil Survey(`68~`90) 1:25,000 (MMU, 1.56 ha) Soil Survey(`64~`67) 1:50,000 (MMU, 6.25 ha) MMU: Minimum Mapping Unit 19

20 Heug-To-Ram: Korean Soil Information System Fertilizer recommendation Crop suitability with soil type Soil thematic maps Plant diagnosis Digitized soil map service

21 Soil thematic maps and their attributes on the web Theme Morphological and physical properties map No. of attributes Land-use map 6 Soil classification map 5 Crop suitability map 61 9 Soil attribute Soil texture, drainage class, available depth, slope, Gravel content, soil color, soil erosion grade, etc. Land use, land use recommendation (paddy field, up land, orchard), soil type (paddy field, upland, forest), etc. Soil order, suborder, topography, parent materials, deposition, etc. Apple, pear, mandarin orange, water melon, grapes, strawberry, tomato, cucumber, cabbage, etc. Land suitability map 5 Paddy field, upland, orchard, grass, forest soils Chemical properties map 25 ph, organic matter, available phosphate, potassium, calcium, available silicate, etc. for each cropland unit 21

22 Crop suitability Address Crop type 22

23 Address Apple 23

24 Thematic maps

25 Fertilizer recommendation system based on soil testing 2 Preparing of soil sample 1 Soil sampling 3 Analysis of soil chemical properties Soil information system 5 Issue the fertilizer prescription 4 Registration of field information and analysis results 25

26 fertilizer recommendation Field address 2 Crop 3 Date of sample collection 26

27 Heulg-To-Ram: Mobile version Design 1) Main Page and Major Functions General Users Log-on Users 27

28 2) Crop Suitability Service Click 28

29 3) Fertilizer Recommendation Click 29

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31 Social environ. Natural environ. Knowledge-based society Global warming Ubiquitous precision agriculture Climate-smart agriculture 31/36

32 Ubiquitous precision agriculture Sensors, Wi-Fi, Tele-control On-site diagnosis and tele-prescription - Visual observation of leaves and fruits - Chemical properties: ph, EC, Eh, NO 3-, PO 3-4, Cl -, SO Physical properties: plow-pan depth, bulk density, porosity, air porosity, water content - Tele-prescription from the soil information system Distributing diagnosis-kits to extension stations Establishing the tele-prescription program to Heulg-To-Ram 32/36

33 Plant nutrient diagnosis Crop Visual symptom Practices Nutrient Click 33

34 Climate-smart agriculture Objectives (FAO) 1) Sustainably increase agricultural productivity, to support equitable increases in farm incomes, food security and development 2) Adapt and build resilience of agriculture and food security systems to climate change 3) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture Update crop suitability with changes in climate Offer soil information to provide for meteorological disasters - Soil temperature and moisture monitoring systems at 100 AWSs Agro-Environment monitoring projects (Quadrennial) 34/36

35 Changes in arable lands (km 2 ) 22% of total land in 1980 => 17% of total land in 2010 Rice production: 3.6 million ton (1980), 5.5 (2001), 4.2 (2014) Rice production per ha: 2.9 ton (1980), 5.2 (2001), 5.2 (2014) 35/30

36 Thank you for your attention

37 Soil chemistry in paddy rice ph O.M. (g kg -1 ) Av. P 2 O 5 (mg kg -1 ) Ex.Ca Ex.K Ex.Mg (cmol c kg -1 ) Fertilization rate (kg ha -1 ) 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s N P K /30

38 Soil chemistry in uplands ph O.M. (g kg -1 ) Av. P 2 O 5 (mg kg -1 ) Ex.Ca Ex.K Ex.Mg (cmol c kg -1 ) Fertilization rate (kg ha -1 ) 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s N P K /30

39 Soil Fertility Database in Korea Soil sampling and analysis Extension service centers - 9 province, and 155 city or county 6.9 million samples since 1980 Fertilizer recommendation 109 Crops - Fixed rates: 97 crops - Variable rates by soil test results : 89 crops Number of samples in the soil chemical test database( ) Year Total Fertilizer recommendation Certified produce Environment friendly 1) GAP 2) , ,976 (68%) 127,823 (36%) 8,099 (1.9%) , ,277 (64%) 146,369 (32%) 17,823 (3.9%) , ,127 (83%) 144,783 (16%) 13,936 (1.5%) , ,902 (69%) 154,974 (29%) 8,506 (1.6%) 1) Organic, non pesticide, and low level pesticide produce 2) Good agricultural practices 39

40 On going activities Soil Conservation Act(1995) Environment-Friendly Agriculture Act(1998) Legislation of Korean Soil Day(March, 2015) Resolution to support soil conservation(march, 2015) Agro-Environment Monitoring Project (Quadrennial) Soil Testing Project (approximately 500K samples/yr) Soil Pollution Monitoring Project Surface Soil Resources Inventory and Integration Surface Soil Erosion Monitoring Project 40/30