Effect of Various Sowing Dates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Different Wheat Genotypes

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1 American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (11): , 2015 ISSN IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: /idosi.aejaes Effect of Various Sowing Dates on Grow, Yield and Yield Components of Different Wheat Genotypes 1 2 Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz, Muhammad Aslam, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah, Muhammad Akhtar and Basharat Ali 1 University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakian 2 Agronomic Research Station, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakian Abract: Optimum sowing dates provide favorable temperature to obtained maximum yield. Varietal selection is also play vital role in obtaining high wheat production. Two year field experiments were conducted at e Research Area of Agronomic Research Station, Bahawalpur, Pakian, in which six selected genotypes (V1-Aari1, V2-Aas1, V3-Meraj-08, V4-Millat1, V5-Punjab1, V6-Seher-06) were sown at six different sowing date (D1 November, D21 November, D31 November, D4 December, D51 December, D61 December) wi 10 days intervals during winter season to evaluate e effect of sowing dates on yield of selected wheat genotypes. The experiment was laid out under split plot design wi ree replications. Two year results revealed at wheat sown on 11 November performed better wi respect to days taken to booting, heading, anesis and maturity, germination count m, number of tillers m, plant height and number of grains spike, 1000 grains weight and grain yield. It was also revealed at late sowing of wheat caused reduction in ese attributes. Variations among genotypes were also observed. Genotypes Aas1 showed maximum days to booting, heading, anesis, maturity and maximum number of grains spike, 1000 grains weight and grain yield. The maximum germination m, numbers of tillers m and plant height were shown by genotypes Millat1, Meraj-08 and Sehar-06 respectively. On overall basis, it was concluded at wheat should be sown from 11 November to 21 November to get high production. Genotype Aas1 was recommended to farmer of Souern Punjab, Pakian to obtain high yield. Key words: Wheat Genotypes Sowing Dates Yield Pakian INTRODUCTION e optimum could also produce poor plants. At optimum temperature, early sowing enhances e wheat Wheat (Triticum aeivum L.) is an important cereal grow and nutrient uptake. Whereas delay in crop crop and mainly consumed as aple food in e world [1]. sowing cause reduction in yield [6]. The intensity of In Pakian, wheat was annually produced million winter season become increased at causes e reduction tons from million hectares during [2]. in production [7]. High yield production of wheat is needed to feed e Moly in Punjab, wheat and cotton is dominant growing population of e world [3]. cropping syem. In is cropping syem, sowing of Selection of proper sowing date is vital to wheat becoming late due to which maintaining high yield obtain high yield due to variation among e weaer is much difficult. At tillering age, optimum planting date conditions [4]. Proper sowing date and varietal could produce good crop grow at increases e cold selection could be responsible for high crop tolerance [8]. Low temperature due to late planting could production. Wheat is grown in winter season. It requires produce fewer tillers [9]. Number of kernels and spikes definite temperature and light for optimum grow [5]. m are mo important yield component of wheat. Too early sowing, when temperature will be above en Bo early and late sowing of wheat causes reduction in Corresponding Auor: Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakian. 2230

2 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (11): , 2015 numbers of kernel per spike [10]. Temperature ress after Data regarding germination m and number of days anesis cause draic effect on grain yield production taken to booting, heading, anesis and physiological rough reducing e kernel weight. Sowing at optimum maturity were recorded. At e time of physiological time could enhance seed germination, plant height, maturity number of fertile tillers m, plant height, number of spikelets, grains spike and 1000-grain weight number of grains spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield [11]. were recorded. The Collected data were subjected to Sial et al. [12] reported shorter plant height, atiical analysis by using split plot design [17]. reduction in days to heading and maturity and reduction in grain yield due to late sowing of wheat. Sohail et al. RESULTS [13] reported at late sowing reduced e wheat grain upto 29%. Due to late planting crop maturity date, number.days to Booting, Heading, Anesis and Maturity: of spikes and grain weight become reduced in all Data regarding days to booting, heading, anesis and genotypes. Tahir et al. [14] reported maximum grain yield maturity showed significant variation among sowing at proper sowing date and lower grain yield in late sowing. dates and genotypes. The same pattern was found during Ali et al. [15] inveigated e effect of planting dates on bo year trials in ese attributes at s why we e yield of wheat genotypes and reported at wheat showed average data of two consecutive years (Table 1). sown in e November 10 gave highe grain yield. Non-significant results were obtained between e crop Delay in planting from November 20 gradually reduced sown at 1 November and 11 November. Among sowing e wheat production. Iqbal et al. [16] ated at dates, wheat sown at 1 November and 11 November 50% yield become reduced wi wheat sowing after showed maximum number of days to booting (31), 15 December. Wheat cultivars responded to delay sowing heading (99), anesis (105) and maturity (143). Crop sown date wi reduction in grain yield [6]. in 21 December showed minimum days to booting, Sowing time of different wheat genotypes heading, anesis and maturity (Table 1). Wi respect to have been determined so far but ill ere is genotypes, significant variation was observed and need to te new wheat genotypes. Present udy was genotype Aas1 showed significantly maximum days to conducted to evaluate e genetic yield potential of booting (91), heading (97), anesis (103) and maturity various advance lines/genotypes under different (136). Genotype Sehar-06 showed lower number of days planting dates. taken to booting, anesis and maturity, while lower number of days taken to heading was shown by genotype MATERIALS AND METHODS Meraj-08. Two field experiments were conducted at Research Area of Agronomic Research Station, Bahawalpur, to evaluate effect of different sowing dates on e yield of advance wheat lines. The experiment was laid out in split plot arrangements wi ree replications wi net plot area of 2.25 m 7 m. The experiment was comprised of six sowing dates (D1 November, D 21 November, D31 November, D4 December, D51 December, D61 December) and six wheat cultivars (V1-Aari1, V2-Aas1, V3-Meraj-08, V4-Millat1, V5-Punjab1, V6-Seher-06) during consecutive two years (20112 and 20123). Recommended doses of NPK ( kg ha ) were applied in e form of urea, DAP and SOP. All e phosphorus and potash doses were applied at e time of sowing, whereas nitrogen was applied in two split doses, half dose at e time of sowing and remaining half dose at e time of 1 irrigation. Crop was sown on a well prepared seedbed at e rate of 120 kg ha. Oer agronomic practices were done to maintain e crop grow. - Grow Parameters: Data regarding germination count m 2, number of tillers m and plant height is shown in Table 2. Significant variation was found among sowing dates and genotypes wi respect to ese attributes. Crop sown in 11 November showed significantly maximum average germination count m (207.50), number of tillers m (421) and plant height (102 cm) as compared to oer sowing dates during two consecutive years. Crop sown on 21 December showed significantly lower germination count m, number of tillers m and plant height. In case of genotypes, comparison of data showed at Millat1 showed significantly higher germination count m (200.83). The maximum average number of tillers m was shown by genotype Meraj-08 which showed 387 number of tillers m. Genotype Sehar-06 showed maximum average plant height (101 cm) as compared to oer genotypes. The lowe germination count m, number of tillers m and plant height were reported by genotype Aas1, Sehar-06 and Meraj-08, respectively. 2231

3 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (11): , 2015 Table 1: Effect of different sowing dates and genotypes on average days to booting, heading, anesis and maturity during two consecutive years Average across sowing dates during Days to booting Days to heading Days to anesis Days to maturity 1 November a a a a 11 November a a a a 21 November b b b b 1 December c c c c 11 December d d d d 21 December e e e e LSD (p=0.05) Average across genotypes during Aari b b b c Aas a a a a Meraj f e f f Millat d d d d Punjab c c c b Sehar e d e e LSD (p=0.05) Table 2: Effect of different sowing dates and genotypes on average grow of wheat during two consecutive year Average across sowing dates during Germination count m Number of tillers m Plant height (cm) 1 November c c c 11 November a a a 21 November b b b 1 December d d d 11 December e e e 21 December f f f LSD (p=0.05) Average across genotypes during Aari b b d Aas f b b Meraj d a c Millat a b b Punjab c b b Sehar e c a LSD (p=0.05) Table 3: Effect of different sowing dates on average yield and yield components of different wheat genotypes during two consecutive year Average across sowing dates during Number of grains spike 1000 grains weight (g) Grain yield (t ha ) 1 November c b 5.76 c 11 November a a 6.14 a 21 November b b 5.94 b 1 December d c 4.90 d 11 December e d 4.00 e 21 December f e 3.33 f LSD (p=0.05) Average across genotypes during Aari e a 4.91 d Aas a a 5.37 a Meraj d ab 5.18 b Millat f ab 4.74 f Punjab b b 5.05 c Sehar c ab 4.83 e LSD (p=0.05)

4 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (11): , 2015 Yield and Yield Component: Data regarding yield and yield component is shown in Table 3. Comparison of sowing dates showed significant variation while observing average number of grains spike, 1000 grains weight and grain yield during consecutive two years (Table 3). It was revealed at crop sown on 11 November reported maximum number of grains spike, 1000 grains weight and grain yield as compared to oer sowing dates. It showed 56 numbers of grains spike, g of 1000 grains weight and 6.14 t ha grains yield. Wi respect to genotypes, Aas1 reported maximum average number of grains spike and grain yield of two consecutive years which showed 52 numbers of grains spike and 5.37 t ha grains yield. The maximum average 1000 grains weight (39.17 g) was also shown by genotype Aas1 and was non-significant to genotypes Aari1, Meraj-08, Millat1 and Sehar-06. Lowe number of grains spikes and grain yield was shown by genotype Millat1 while lowe 1000 grain weight was reported by genotype Punjab1. DISCUSSION Temperature at e time of sowing at 1 November was comparatively higher which was not favorable for obtaining maximum yield. Crop sowing on 11 November showed better results as compared to all oer sowing dates. It could be due to e optimum temperature available for crop grow. Aslani and Mehrvar [18] inveigated e effect of optimum and late sowing on yield and yield component of wheat and reported higher yield and yield component wi sowing on optimum sowing date. Crop sown on 21 November showed significantly lower value of all e parameters recorded. Reason could be due to lower temperature wi passage of days of winter season. Late sowing of crop causes e reduction in number of days taken to booting, heading, anesis and maturity which also causes e reduction in yield and yield component. Delay sowing of crop cause reduction in grow as well as yield of crop [19]. It was reported at temperature rose up to 35 C in e end of March [12]. Late sowing of crop affect e development of plant organs and cause e reduction in plant height, numbers of days taken to heading, maturity, grain filling and yield and yield component [20, 21]. Hossain et al. [22] reported e reduction in days taken to maturity from late sowing of crop. Optimum sowing date provide favorable environment at tillering age which produced more number of spikes however genotypic variation could be ere in response to different environmental conditions [20, 23]. High temperature caused early maturity and caused reduction in days to maturity [1, 24]. Some genotypes have potential to produced high yield even under high temperature [1,25]. High temperature reduced e grain filling period which caused reduction in grain weight. Genotypes NR-397 and NARC009 were reported as a high yielding genotype under rainfed environment at reproductive [13]. CONCLUSION From is udy, it is concluded at yield and yield components of different wheat genotypes were significantly affected by sowing dates. Delay in sowing of wheat can cause severe reduction in grow and yield. For wheat it was recommended at crop should be sown at optimum sowing date which could be from 11 November to 21 November. Genotype Aas1 was recommended to e farmer of Souern Punjab to obtained high yield according to eir ecological climatic conditions. REFERENCES 1. Khan, M.I., M. Tila, F. Subhan, M. Amin and S.T. Shah Agronomic evaluation of different bread wheat (Triticum aeivum L.) genotypes for terminal heat ress. Pak. J. Bot. 39(7): PAK-SCMS, Pakian: Satellite Based Crop Monitoring Syem, 4(2): Khakwani, A.A., M.D. Dennett, M. Munir and M. Abid Grow and yield response of wheat genotypes to water ress at booting and anesis ages of development. Pak. J. Bot., 44: Murungu, F.S. and T. Madanzi, Seed priming, genotype and sowing date effects on emergence, grow and yield in a tropical low altitude area of Zimbabwe. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 5(17): Dabre, W.M., S.B. Lall and G.L. Lngole Effects of sowing dates on yield, ear number, omatal frequency and omatal index in wheat. J. Maharashatra Agri. Univ., 18: Yajam, S. and H. Madani Delay sowing date and its effect on Iranian winter wheat cultivars yield and yield components. Ann. Bio. Res., 4(6): Witt, M.D., Delayed planting opportunities wi winter wheat in e Central Great Plains. J. Prod. Agric., 9: Safdar, M.E., I.R. Noorka, A. Tanveer, S.A. Tariq and S. Rauf Grow and yield of advanced breeding lines of medium grain rice as influenced by different transplanting dates. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23(1):

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