Market Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia

Transcription

1 P.O. Box 123 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya tel: fax: FSNAU is managed by FAO The boundaries and names on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The regional & District boundaries reflect those endorsed by the Government of the Republic of Somalia in Market Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia May 218 Update (Issued June 27, 218) Highlights Inflation: SoSh (Somali shilling)-using areas: Compared to one month ago, consumer Index (CPI) changed mildly (by 2-3%) in May 218. CPI declined (by 2-18%) annually due to decreases in cereal prices. Zeilac DJIBOUTI Awdal Borama Woq. Galbeed Erigabo Sanag Bossaso Bari SISh (Somaliland shilling)-using areas: The CPI remain relatively stable in May 218 but increased (8%) compared to a year ago (May 217). Tog-Wajaale Hargeisa Burao Togdheer Sool Lasanod Garowe Nugal Exchange rate: SoSh-using areas: The exchange rates between SoSh and the United States Dollar (USD) remained relatively stable or changed at mild rates (less than +/- 2%) against USD in most regions of the country during May 218. Annual comparison indicates that SoSh is mildly gaining value in Central regions (8%); but mildly losing value (1-8%) in other SoSh areas. SISh-using areas: The SISh mildly gained (%) against the USD in May 218 compared to last month while annual comparison indicates a depreciation of 13 percent due to increased supply of newly printed local currency notes and a decline in the availability of USD due to reduced livestock exports and export revenue. Local cereal prices changed mildly (less than +/- 1%) in most regions of the country in May 218. Annual comparison indicates lower cereal prices in most regions due to increased supply as a result of improved cereal production during Deyr 217/18. s of imported food (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) mostly exhibited relative stability or mild monthly changes (less than +/-1%) in local currency terms in May 218 across the country. Similarly, compared to one year ago, prices exhibited mild changes in most of the southern and central regions for most food imports. However, prices of most food imports increased (12-2%) compared to a year ago in most northern regions due to depreciation of local currency against USD. Livestock prices for local quality goat and camel mostly exhibited mild to moderate increases in most regions in May 218 due to improved body conditions attributable to increased availability of water and pasture and increased demand during Ramadhan season. Compared to a year ago (May 217), most regions exhibited increases in goat and camel prices due to improved body conditions as a result of better rainfall performance this year which increased water availability and pasture. Similarly, milk prices (camel and cattle) mostly exhibited mild changes (less than +/-1%) in most regions of the country in May 218. On the other hand, milk prices (mainly camel) increased from moderate to high levels when compared to last year in most regions of the country due to less milk supply because of low camel calving resulting from less conception in the past seasons. Dusa Mareb Galgadud El Barde Belet Weyne Haradhere Bakol Dolo Hudur Hiran Aden Yabal El Der Luuq Belet Xawo Gedo Baidoa M. Shabelle El Waq Qansah Dere Monitored Market Jowhar Dinsor Bay Wanle Weyne Bardera Market Catchment Afgoye Qoryoley Banadir Central Merka L. Shabelle Juba Valley Buale Juba Hagar North East Doobley Jilib Afmadow North West Jamame Shabelle Valley Kismayo Sorghum belt Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia Abudwaq Galkayo Mudug Major Road Regional Boundary This Market Update is a monthly report that presents analysis of market information and is produced regularly as part of the monthly monitoring process. The weekly price data is collected from 46 main markets and 2 rural markets throughout Somalia since 199. Market analysis is an integral part of all of FSNAU s annual food security projections and seasonal technical reports (Technical Reports on FSNAU Post Gu and Post Deyr Analysis). Detailed market data are available online on www. fsnau.org/ids. Labor (unskilled) wages changed mildly (by less than +/-1%) compared to last month in most regions of the country in May 218. Exception is Bakool and Middle Juba regions. Labor wage rates increased in Bakool due to increased agricultural activities in the surrounding areas but declined (by 3%) in Middle Juba compared to a month ago due to reduced/limited agricultural labor opportunities in the surrounding rural areas due to flooding. Compared to a year ago (May 217), labor wages mostly exhibited increases in most regions of the country due to improved agricultural labor opportunities as a result of improved rainfall performance compared to last year. (ToT) between daily labor wage and cereals remained relatively stable or changed mildly in most regions of the country in May 218. Annual comparison indicates higher ToT between daily labor and cereals in most regions due to increases labor wages and/or decrease in cereal prices. The ToT between local quality goat and cereals mostly exhibited mild changes (+/- 1-1%) in most regions of the country month-on-month. Compared to a year ago (May 217), the ToT between goat and cereals were higher across the country due to increased goat prices and/or decrease in cereal prices. Siege-affected towns (Bulo-Burto, Wajid, Dinsor and Hudur) Labor (unskilled) wages in May 218 exhibited mild monthly changes but increased in Wajid and Hudur (28-37%) compared to a month ago. Compared to last year labor wage rates mildly (1-9%) increased in all the markets. (ToTs) between daily labor wage and cereals and between local quality goat and cereals either remained relatively stable or changed at mild rates (1-2kgs/daily labor/goat) compared to last month in May 218 in all the markets. Annual comparison indicates higher ToTs in these markets due to increase in goat prices, daily labor wage and/or decrease in cereal prices compared to one year ago. Local grain (red and white sorghum) prices changed mildly (less than +/- 1%) compared to last month in May 218 in all the markets. Compared to a year ago, local grain prices have mostly decreased due to increased supply from improved Deyr 217 cereal production and continued humanitarian assistance. s of imported food items (rice, sugar, vegetable oil, wheat flour) changed (by less than +/-1%) at mild rates for most of the food imports in all siege-affected markets compared to last month in May 218. On the other hand, compared to a year ago, prices of most food imports either remained relatively stable or declined (1-29%) in these markets due to increased supply from humanitarian distribution. Exception is Wajid where priced increased mildly.

2 National Trends: CPI, Exchange Rates, Cereal s and Relative Purchasing Power Table 1: ToT betwen Daily Wage Rate and Cereals by Region May 218 Regions May 218 (kg) April 218 Kg change from May 217 May yr ( ) Banadir/Mogadishu (White maize) Bay (Red sorghum) Bakool (Red sorghum) Gedo (Red sorghum) Juba (White maize) Shabelle (White maize) Northwest (Imported Rice) Northeast (Imported Rice) 8 Central (Imported Rice) Figure 1: Wheat s: Mogadishu and Bossaso Markets per Kg 17, Bossaso Mogadishu 16, 1, 14, 13, 12, 11, 1, 9, 8, May June July August September October November December January February March April May Source: FSNAU Manfest Monitoring System Figure 2: Between Wage Rates and Selected Cereals Kg Cereal per Daily Wage Rate TOT to Sorghum (Sorghum Belt) TOT to Maize (Juba & Shabelle) TOT to Rice (NW) TOT to Rice (Central & NE) Figure 3: ly Exchange Rate for Selected Regions (SoSh and SlSh to USD) 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 11, 1, 9, 8, 7, 6, 1,, SoSh per US Dollar Baidoa(SoSh) Bosasso(SoSh) Galkayo(SoSh) Mogadishu(SoSh) Hargeisa(SlSh) SlSh per US Dollar Figure 4: ly Trends in Consumer Index (CPI, March 27=1) CPI CPI Central CPI North(Sosh) CPI North(SlSh) CPI South CPI somalia (SoShs) per Kg (SoSH) Figure : ly Trends in Local Cereal s 39, 36, 33, 3, 27, 24, 21, 18, 1, 12, 9, 6, 3, Juba Valley(White Maize 1 kg) Shabelle Valley(White Maize 1 kg) NE (Red Sorghum 1 kg) SorghumBelt(Red Sorghum 1 kg) Central(Red Sorghum 1 kg) NW (White Sorghum 1 kg) 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, per Kg (SLSH) 2

3 Regional analysis: Juba Regions -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 24,393 2,969 22,12 22,938 9,187 4% 9% -6% Imported Red Rice 1kg 16,4 17,219 16,219 17,688 7,61 9% 3% 8% Petrol 1 litre 26,744 24,313 23,938 2, 1,22 4% 3% -7% Sugar 17,218 18,688 17,12 18,313 7,314 7% -2% 6% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 31,617 3,62 29, 29,781 11,98 3% -3% -6% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,22 16,94 1,96 17,219 6,871 8% 4% 6% Wheat Grain 1kg Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 9,783 11,917 9,7 1,333 4,84 6% -13% 6% White Maize 1kg 1,339 13,37 7,897 8,93 3, 13% -33% -14% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 9,797,687 9,3,12 12,348,438 13,33,929,479,413 1% 49% 38% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,884,49 2,86,278 3,39,83 3,78,333 1,1,31 % 29% -% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 19,23 19,938 21,31 21,969 8,79 2% 1% 13% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,46,412 1,242, 1,31,63 1,628,12 69,83 6% 31% 16% Goat Local Quality (Head) 871,37 731,63 876,94 9,62 384,782 9% 3% 9% Charcoal kg 89,93 88,7 9, 19,688 44,31 1% 24% 23% Cowpeas 1 kg 24,294 28,313 2, 27,813 11,161 9% -2% 14% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 88,987 9,938 99,37 12,31 41,21 3% 6% 1% Firewood Bundle 8,31 8,16 7,781 7,96 3,11 2% -3% -% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 67,1 3,938 8, 67,87 27,381 16% 26% 1% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 21,376 22,488 24,63 24,63 9,642 % 7% 13% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 7% 38% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 9% 23% Indices Consumer Index % -1% - Figure 6: Trends in Cereal s Figure 7: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 12, 2 1, 8, 6, 4, , Figure 8: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 9: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) per Unit (SoSh) SOMALI SHILLINGS PER DOLLAR Figure 1: Exchange Rate Figure 11: Water Drum (2 litres) 3

4 Regional analysis: Sorghum Belt Regions (Bay, Bakool, Gedo and Hiran) -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 28,79 2,8 26,17 26,979 1,823 4% 4% -6% Imported Red Rice 1kg 19,3 19,83 19,846 19,87 7,947 % 1% % Petrol 1 litre 29,323 29,367 27,28 29,2 11,743 7% % % Sugar 2,33 22,733 21,367 21,396 8,63 % -6% % Vegetable Oil 1 litre 38,44 36,717 3,98 36,979 14,872 3% 1% -4% Wheat Flour 1kg 18,146 18,383 18,633 18,333 7,323-2% % 1% Wheat Grain 1kg 16, 2,42 18,7 19,2 7,674 2% -6% 16% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 8,742 13,8 9,31 1, 3,949 7% -24% 14% White Maize 1kg 1,8 12,812 1,336 9,86 3,892 -% -23% -7% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 12,466,442 11,46, 11,82, 12,16, 4,923,147 3% 1% -2% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 3,686,89 2,798,71 3,7,87 3,236,87 1,31,421 6% 16% -12% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 18,3 24,4 2, 26,42 1,646 4% 9% 4% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,69,21 1,477,273 1,47,682 1,38, ,943 % 4% -2% Goat Local Quality (Head) 92,92 79, 98,12 9, ,68 % 2% 3% Charcoal kg 13,64 168, ,977 24,69 82,761 11% 22% 33% Cowpeas 1 kg 26,27 36,787 32,9 31,42 12,67-4% -14% 19% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 99,237 93,733 9,792 96,2 38,869 6% 3% -3% Firewood Bundle 6,9 6,2,871 6,229 2,422 6% % -6% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 77,26 8,6 83,944 88,111 3,74 % 9% 14% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 21,828 23,889 23,647 23,1 9,419-1% -2% 8% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice (Kg) - % % % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice (Kg) % 17% -2% Indices Consumer Index % -1% - 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 12: Trends in Cereal s Gedo Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bay Cereal (Red Sorghum) Bakool Cereal (Red Sorghum) Hiraan Cereal (White Sorghum) Figure 13:Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative Purchasing power wage to cereal (Kg/daily Wage) Figure 14: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 1: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) SOMALI SHILLINGS PER DOLLAR Figure 16: Exchange Rate Figure 17: Water Drum (2 litres) 4

5 Regional analysis: Shabelle Regions -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 22,728 17,667 18,7 19, 7,79 4% 1% -14% Imported Red Rice 1kg 16,2 1,42 16,2 16,98 6,766 4% 9% 4% Petrol 1 litre 2,2 17,83 19,42 21,12 8,43 8% 2% -16% Sugar 17,48 18,83 16,333 17, 6,783 4% -6% -3% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 28,42 28,42 27,792 29,98 12,29 8% 7% % Wheat Flour 1kg 1,466 13,7 13,87 1,2 6,74 1% 11% -1% Wheat Grain 1kg 19,666-17, 17, 6,98 % - -11% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 1,29 12,882 9,68 9,48 3,729 4% -27% -8% White Maize 1kg 8,93 1,198 7,262 8,47 3,18 11% -21% -1% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 17,663,668 16,637, 18,241,667 17,93,7 6,92,686-6% 3% -3% Cattle Local Quality (Head),7,2 3,912, 4,216,667 4,134,37 1,673,794-2% 6% -28% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 2,779 2, 23,37 28,167 11,34 21% 13% 36% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,869,7 1,86, 1,873,7 2,91,2 846,89 12% 12% 12% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,323,333 1,314,83 1,41,278 1,489,167 62,822 % 13% 13% Charcoal kg 132,48 126,97 1,347 12,12 61,491 1% 2% 1% Cowpeas 1 kg 24,9 44,472 2,194 26,819 1,78 6% -4% 7% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 74,416 74,167 62,361 64,333 2,947 3% -13% -14% Firewood Bundle 6,633 6,292 6,7 7, 2,937 11% 19% 13% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 7,416 2,7 6,42 6,42 22,792 % 7% -2% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 21,89 23,4 23,383 23,4 9,394 % % 9% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 14% % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Maize(Kg) % 43% 21% Indices Consumer Index % -1% - Figure 18: Trends in Cereal s Figure 19: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Cereal 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 2: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 21: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) SOMALI SHILLINGS PER DOLLAR Figure 22: Exchange Rate Figure 23: Water Drum (2 litres)

6 Regional analysis: Banadir Region -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 16,42 12,38 14,392 14,392,727 % 16% -13% Imported Red Rice 1kg 12,38 12, 12,78 12,42 4,978-1% % 1% Petrol 1 litre 18,943 1,967 1, 1, 6,176 % -3% -18% Sugar 14,148 1,67 13,667 13,7,467 1% -12% -3% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 22,92 22,2 22,667 23, 9,212 1% 4% % Wheat Flour 1kg 11,426 1,733 11,7 11,167 4,421 -% 4% -2% Wheat Grain 1kg 1,672 17, 1, 1,12 6,24 1% -11% 42% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 7,88 11,8 9,92 9,217 3,632-4% -17% 21% White Maize 1kg 9,42 12,93 9,48 1,2 4,3 8% -16% 8% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) Cattle Local Quality (Head) Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 23,786 27,267 27,333 27,333 1,966 % % 1% Goat Export Quality (Head) 2,486, 2,47, 2,2, 2,1, 87,37 6% -13% -14% Goat Local Quality (Head) 2,6, 2,, 1,62, 1,72, 698,3 6% -14% -16% Charcoal kg 22,33 24, , ,667 98,4 1% 19% 2% Cowpeas 1 kg 2,698 38,3 24,183 21,28 8,487-12% -4% 2% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 11,183 79, 86,2 86,2 34,82 % 9% -22% Firewood Bundle 7,18 8, 8, 8, 3,139 % % 11% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 6,82,167 6,83 7, 23,18 2% 1% 1% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 21,167 22,47 22,842 23,8 9,236 1% 3% 9% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % % -22% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % -17% -17% Indices Consumer Index % -1% - Figure 24: Trends in Cereal s Figure 2: Bakara: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 2, 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, Cereal (Maize) 22, 2, 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) 4, 2, 4, 2, Figure 26: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate 6, SOMALI SHILLINGS PER DOLLAR Figure 27: Goat Local Quality per Unit (SoSh) 4, 2, Figure 28: Exchange Rate Figure 29: Wheat Flour 6

7 Regional analysis: Central Regions -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 23,32 23,4 2,1 2,12 9,379 % -14% -14% Imported Red Rice 1kg 18,162 19, 18,4 19, 8,82 3% % % Petrol 1 litre 23,8 2,8 23,4 23,4 1,92 % -9% -2% Sugar 2,28 24,4 21,2 21,2 9,888 % -13% 3% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 39,8 41,6 34,8 3, 16,39 1% -16% -1% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,174 17, 16, 16,2 7,33 1% -% % Wheat Grain 1kg 1,849 19, 18,2 18, 8,381-1% -% 14% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 12,842 19, 12,8 12,,789-2% -34% -3% White Maize 1kg 14,36 18,7 1,219 1,4 7,179 2% -18% 8% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 11,872, 9,9, 13,, 13,49, 6,37,979 % 36% 14% Cattle Local Quality (Head) Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 29,74 44, 6,6 6,688 28,493 7% 38% 14% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,349,32 1,2, 1,64, 1,676, ,8 2% 4% 24% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,4,4 96, 1,167, 1,196, 63,387 2% 2% 13% Charcoal kg 17,38 172, 187, 187, 88,4 % 9% 7% Cowpeas 1 kg 23,7 42,8 34,7 33,4 1,636-4% -22% 41% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 88,4 96, 11, 18,,783-2% 13% 22% Firewood Bundle 34,2 3, 33, 31, 14, -6% -11% -9% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 8,77 81,4 8, 83, 39, -2% 2% -3% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,98 27,3 24,2 24, 11,443 1% -1% 7% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice Kg) % 2% % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice Kg) % 24% 9% Camel (Head)/Cereal (Rice Kg) % 36% 8% Indices Consumer Index % -18% - 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 3: Trends in Cereal s Figure 31: Trends in wage rates and relative purchasing power 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 32: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 33: Goat Local Quality 8, 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) Figure 34: Exchange Rate Figure 3: Water Drum (2 litres) 7

8 Regional analysis: Northeast Regions -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 21,32 18,911 22,936 23,17 8,27 1% 22% 8% Imported Red Rice 1kg 17,18 17,7 17,993 18,18 6,377 % 2% % Petrol 1 litre 22,442 22,36 2,464 26,17 9,28 3% 16% 16% Sugar 19,88 22, 2,814 2,7 7,36 % -8% % Vegetable Oil 1 litre 3,7 33,929 34,2 34,71 12,328 1% 2% -3% Wheat Flour 1kg 16,47 17,2 16,3 16,67,87 2% -4% 1% Wheat Grain 1kg 29,422 33,1 31,2 31,9 11,386 1% -4% 9% Cereal s Red Sorghum 1kg 21,91 26,2 2,2 2, 9,67 1% -3% 16% White Maize 1kg 2,2 22, 24,6 24,7 8,798 1% 13% 23% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 14,66,99 12,7, 16,371,4 16,683,,997, 2% 38% 14% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 8,16, 6,7, 13,7, 13,2, 4,763,221-4% 96% 62% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 4,816 7,2 63,4 63,7 22,818 % 11% 6% Goat Export Quality (Head) 1,392,1 1,38, 1,63, 1,63, 87,676 2% 18% 17% Goat Local Quality (Head) 1,323,928 1,284,286 1,7,786 1,67, 77,79 3% 2% 21% Charcoal kg 34, 363,929 37, 39,179 14,168 4% 7% 1% Cowpeas 1 kg 37,946 46,7 66,3 66,313 23,739 % 42% 7% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 13, ,67 146,87 146,786 2,669 % 7% 8% Firewood Bundle 36, 42,643 6,414 8,71 2,96 4% 37% 63% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 98,78 1, 113,4 11,8 41,48 2% 1% 17% Exchange Rate (Somali Shilling per USD) 22,237 26,946 28,214 28,214 1,43 % % 27% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % % % Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % 24% 16% Indices Consumer Index % -2% - 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Figure 36: Trends in Cereal s Cereal (Rice) Figure 37: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 38: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 39: Goat Local Quality 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SoSh) SOMALI SHILLINGS PER DOLLAR Figure 4: Exchange Rate Figure 41: Water Drum (2 litres) 8

9 Regional analysis: Northwest Regions -Year ( ) Real Same Year -year avrg ( ) Imported Commodities s Diesel 1 litre 6,231,8 7,94 8,3,69 % 43% 33% Imported Red Rice 1kg,2,7 6,34 6,3 4,391 3% 1% 26% Petrol 1 litre 7,243 7,24 8,94 12,3 8,394 38% 71% 71% Sugar,819 6,1 8, 7,,8-6% 23% 29% Vegetable Oil 1 litre 12,484 13,14 13,46 13,2 9,199 % 3% 8% Wheat Flour 1kg 4,34 4,6,48,48 3,669 % 19% 21% Wheat Grain 1kg 3,677 4,12,,2 3,11 % 27% 43% Cereal s White Sorghum 1kg 3,878 4,6 4,62 4, 2,99-3% -2% 16% Yellow Maize 1kg 3,94, 6,42 6,3 4,391 2% 31% 67% Livestock & Livestock Product s Camel Local Quality (Head) 3,99,8 4,433,333 4,833, 4,383,333 3,14,69-9% -1% 11% Cattle Local Quality (Head) 2,49,333 2,72, 2,836, 2,64,833 1,819,667-7% -3% 1% Fresh Camel Milk 1 litre 7,87 11,4 11,7 11,2 7,63-4% -2% 48% Goat Export Quality (Head) 41,47 4,6 7,473 67, 39,219 12% 2% 26% Goat Local Quality (Head) 341, ,4 42, 4, 39,44 6% 16% 32% Charcoal kg,6 69, 79,2 81,7 6,127 3% 18% 48% Cowpeas 1 kg 12,26 16,733 19,313 19,313 13,183 % 1% 61% Unskilled Labor Wage Rate 2,76 61,18 77,6 77, 2,86-1% 26% 48% Firewood Bundle 4,16,333 6, 6,667 4,48 3% 2% 48% Local Sesame Oil 1 litre 31,987 34, 32, 32, 22,23 2% -6% 2% Exchange Rate (Somaliland Shilling per USD) 7,441 8,716 1,3 9,842 6,669 -% 13% 32% Wage (Daily)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % 9% 2% Local Goat (Head)/ Cereal (Rice(Kg) % 1% % Indices Consumer Index % 8% - Figure 42: Trends in Cereal s Figure 43: Trends in Wage Rates and Relative Purchasing Power 7, 6, Cereal (Rice) 8, 2 SLSH, 4, 3, 2, 1, SLSH 6, 4, 2, Relative purchasing power wage to cereal (kg/daily wage) Figure 44: Imported Commodity s Compared to Exchange Rate Figure 4: Goat Local Quality 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, per Unit (SLSh) SOMALILAND SHILLINGS PER DOLLAR Figure 46: Exchange Rate Figure 47: Water Drum (2 litres) 9

10 Trends in Livestock Exports Table 1: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Shoats Cattle , Camel , Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,2, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,2, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Figure 48: Berbera Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Camel Cattle Shoats YEAR Table 2: Bossaso Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) (Jan-May) Shoats Cattle , Camel Figure 49: Bossaso Livestock Exports (Number of Heads) Number of Heads 3,6, 3,4, 3,2, 3,, 2,8, 2,6, 2,4, 2,2, 2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Camel Cattle Shoats YEAR 1

11 Trends in Cereal Imports Table 3: Total Cereal Imports through Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu Ports (Tonnes) * * * 216* (Jan-May) Rice 63, Wheat flour Pasta * Elman (Mogadishu) is up to November 21. Mogadishu data (Elmaan Port) for 213 includes only January - March imports. Berbera Data is up to December 216 4, 3, Figure : Total Cereal Imports (Berbera, Bossaso and Mogadishu) Rice Wheat flour Pasta Tonnes 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,, Year 11