C ARBON FOOTPRINT OF TYPIC AL BEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN DENMARK AND SWEDEN

Transcription

1 1 AARHUS C ARBON FOOTPRINT OF TYPIC AL BEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN DENMARK AND SWEDEN LISBETH MOGENSEN, TRO ELS KRISTENSEN AND MO G ENS VESTERGAARD, AARHUS, DENMARK, NICOLAJ I. NIELSEN, AGRO TECH A/ S, DENMARK PER SPLETH, KNOWLEDGE CENTRE FOR AGRICULTURE, DENMARK MARIA HENRIKSSON, CHRISTIAN SWENSSON AND ANNA HESSLE, SWEDISH OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

2 AIM To eva lua te the effects of typica l beef production systems used in Denma rk (DK) a nd Sweden (SE) on G HG emissions in a life cycle perspective (LC A) 2

3 CARBON FOOTPRINT, KG CO 2 /KG ,4 0,2 SUCKLER DAIRY DAIRY PIG MILK BARLEY CARROT FORSØG II - RISBJERG SLAGTESVIN BULL PÅ COW KLØVERGRÆS, KÅL OG ROER 3

4 MATERIAL AND METHODS Existing types of differentiated beef production systems in DK a nd SE wa s identified a nd defined: The 6 most differentia ted system (5 DK, 1 SE systems) Da ta wa s colle cte d tha t represent average productivity of ea ch system: > feed rations > da ily ga in > feed conversion > ca rca ss yield 4

5 BEEF PRODUCTION SUCKLER SYSTEMS: Extensive (High La nd C a ttle ) (DK) Intensive (Limousine) (DK) DAIRY SYSTEMS BULL CALVES, mainly DANISH HOLSTEIN Steers (24 m., 570 kg LW, typica lly orga nic) (DK) Bulls (19 m., 630 kg LW ) (SE) Young bulls (11.3 m., 450 kg LW) (DK) C a lves (9.3 m., 380 kg LW ) (DK) 5

6 EXTENSIVE SUC KLER SYSTEM (DK) High La nd C a ttle 180 da ys gra zing a t fields with low production: Permanent pasture (2300 kg DM/ha) and nature (600 kg DM/ha) W inter: housed at deep litter Maximum roughage (mainly silage) to stimulate growth during summer 0.9 calves/cow/year (20% replacement) Heife rs: first ca lving a t 36 months Bull calves slaughtered at 22 months (430 kg LW) 6

7 INTENSIVE SUC KLER SYSTEM (DK) Limousine 150 da ys gra zing a t fields with higher production: G ra ss-clover (7100 kg DM/ha) and permanent pasture (2300 kg DM/ha) Winter: housed at deep litter, maximum roughage (mainly silage) though bull ca lves more concentra te 1.0 calves/cow/year (25% replacement) Heife rs: first ca lving a t 30 months Bull ca lves sla ughtered a t 14 months (590 kg LW ) 7

8 STEERS (DK) Da iry calf of 55 kg LW (30 days) Typica lly Da nish Holstein Extensive system ba sed on gra zing a nd rougha ge (typica lly orga nic) Slaughtered at 24 months (570 kg LW) Grazing 160 days/year, pasture with 7100 kg DM/ha, 730 g daily gain Winter: housed at deep litter, 640 g daily gain, restricted conc. feed Fattening: 45 days, 1100 g daily gain 8

9 BULLS 19 MONTHS (SE) Dairy calf of 80 kg LW (63 days) Slaughtered at 19 months (630 kg LW) House d a t dee p litte r until 200 kg, the n sla tte d floor (25 : 75) 3200 kg DM/produced bull, 40% roughage (grass silage) 9

10 BULLS 11.3 MONTHS (DK) Dairy calf of 55 kg LW (30 days) Slaughtered at 11.3 months (450 kg LW) House d a t dee p litte r until 200 kg, the n sla tte d floor (25 : 75) 1900 kg DM feed/produced bull, 9% roughage (straw, grass silage) 10

11 BULLS 9.3 MO NTHS (DK) Dairy calf of 55 kg LW (30 days) Slaughtered at 9.3 months (380 kg LW) Produced on contra ct Da nish vea l Requested: Deep litter until 6 months, 8-10 months, kg carcass 1400 kg DM/produced bull, 10% roughage (straw, grass silage) 11

12 DAILY G AIN AND FEED USE Suckler system Dairy system Exte nsive Intensive Steer Bull 19 m Bull 11 m Bull 9 m Da ily ga in, g/day Feed use, Kg DM/kg ga in Roughage, % 600 1) ) ) ) ) Numbers for bull ca lves in the suckler system 2) He rd 12

13 CARBON FOOTPRINT OF BEEF BY LC A Calculated over a year and expressed per kg carcass weight (FU). Input CH 4 N 2 O CO 2 NH 3 Output Feeds The beef system Me a t C a rca ss weight A ca lf kg Manure collected NO 3 13

14 CARBON FOOTPRINT OF ANIMAL FEED CH 4 N 2 O CO 2 NH 3 Feeds The beef system Me a t Carcass weight A ca lf kg Ma nure collected NO 3 14

15 CARBON FOOTPRINT OF ANIMAL FEED g C O 2 / kg (DM) Transport Processing Growing FORSØG II - RISBJERG SLAGTESVIN PÅ KLØVERGRÆS, KÅL OG ROER 15

16 CARBON FOOTPRINT OF A DAIRY CALF CH 4 N 2 O CO 2 NH 3 Feeds The beef system Me a t Carcass weight A ca lf kg Ma nure collected NO 3 16

17 CARBON FOOTPRINT OF A CALF Feed for foetus production 96% CH 4 N 2 O CO 2 NH 3 4% Feed Milk C oncentra te C a lf production NO 3 55 kg calf 176 kg CO 2 Ma nure collected 17

18 METHANE FROM ENTERIC FERMENTATION CH 4 N 2 O CO 2 NH 3 Feeds The beef system Me a t Carcass weight A ca lf kg Ma nure collected NO 3 18

19 METHANE FROM ENTERIC FERMENTATION Suckler cow: CH 4 (MJ/ d) = 2,87+1,23 * DMI - 0,1164 * FA Heifers, bull ca lves: CH 4 (MJ/ d) = (-0,046 * CONC + 7,1379)/ 100 * GE DMI : kg DM/ da y (Nielsen et al., 2013) FA: Fa tty a cids (g/ kg DM) CONC: Concentrated feed, % GE: Gross energy (MJ/day) 19

20 MANURE AS AN OUTPUT CH 4 N 2 O CO 2 NH 3 Feeds The beef system Me a t Carcass weight A ca lf kg Ma nure collected NO 3 20

21 MANURE AS AN OUTPUT The beef syste m got cre dit for this corresponding to the fertilizer value of the ma nure The beef system pa ys for emissions in sta ble, stora ge a nd where emissions from manure application exceed those from fertilizer a pplica tion 1 kg N in ma nure collected a s slurry Fertilizer equivalent 0.70 kg N 0.14 kg P 0.91 kg K Sa ved emissions 4.2 kg CO 2 -eq/ kg N 21

22 CARBON FOOTPRINT OF BEEF kg C O 2 / kg carcass Other Manure Calf CH4 ent Feed FORSØG 0 II - RISBJERG SLAGTESVIN Suckler Ext Suckler PÅ Int KLØVERGRÆS, Steer Bull 19 m KÅL Bull 11 OG m Bull ROER 9 m 22

23 PRESENT WORK Improve the method used for including soil C Mitiga tion options for the systems 23

24 Impact AARHUS from changes in soil carbon C in soil kg CO 2 /ha/y Grass in rotation sink Permanent pasture 0 Other crops release (Vleeshouwers & Verhagen, 2002)

25 CARBON FOOTPRINT LU LUC kg C O 2 / kg carcass Soil C LUC Other Manure Calf CH4 ent Feed FORSØG II - RISBJERG -2 Suckler Ext Suckler Int Steer Bull 19 m Bull 11 m Bull 9 m SLAGTESVIN PÅ KLØVERGRÆS, KÅL OG ROER 25

26 NEW METHOD TO INCLUDE SOIL C Ba sed on da ta on input of C from a bove a nd below ground residues Soil carbon model (Petersen et al., 2013): 10% of this C input will sta y in soil in a 100 yea r perspective 26

27 PRESENT WORK Improve the method used for including soil C Mitigation options for the systems Changed feeding for example including maize silage with low CF 27

28 EFFECT OF FEED RATION TO BULL CALVES 9 M kg C O 2 / kg carcass Other Manure Calf CH4 ent Feed FORSØG II - RISBJERG 0 SLAGTESVIN Concentrate PÅ KLØVERGRÆS, (90%) Maize silage KÅL (46%) OG ROER 28

29 CONCLUSION Based on data from 6 differentiated beef production systems: g daily gain kg DM per kg gain 9-97 % of DM from roughage C F: kg CO 2 -eq per kg meat (carcass weight) 29

30 Thank you for your attention Tha nk you for your a ttention Tha nk you for your a ttention 30

31 (Audsley et al., 2009) AARHUS C LC A: Indire c t LUC Step 1 Tota l LUC emissions 8.5 GtCO 2 e/year Step 2 Step 3. Step 4. Proportion caused by a griculture C ommon LUC emissions fa ctor per hectare of land C a lcula te la nd requirement 58% 1,43 tco 2 e/ ha (143 g CO 2 /m 2 ) Step 5. Multiply LUC factor by land EF * a re a