COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND VALUATION OF THE POST - HARVEST LOSS MANAGEMENT (PHLM) POLICIES CONTEXT, FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE VALUE CHAIN IN EACH

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1 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND VALUATION OF THE POST - HARVEST LOSS MANAGEMENT (PHLM) POLICIES CONTEXT, FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE VALUE CHAIN IN EACH OF THE COUNTRIES ASSESSED, INCLUDING OTHER RELEVANT REGIONAL INITIATIVES CASE OF MADAGASCAR Espace Salohy September 30th 2014

2 Country overview of agriculture Malagasy l agriculture revolves around rice 85% of farmer, more than 2 millions practice rice Rice in area of over 1.2 millions hectare (60% cultivated land) Growth of 10.8% of rice production in 2009, following implementation of Green Revolution and practice of culture against the season Importation 200,000 tonnes rice per year

3 Country overview of food security and PHL issues Thirdd of rural lhouseholdsh classified dto be food insecure and nearly half vulnerable to food insecurity Only 17% of households regarded as food secure Three factors to food insecurity: The food is not available The food is not accessible Production is not adequately used Post harvest losses : few documents or studies devoted to PHL => knowledge gap

4 Specific objectives of the study Overall study Conduct a Comprehensive Review of the Existing Post Harvest Loss Management (PHLM) Policy Context, Food Security and Agriculture Value Chain in Madagascar and including Other Relevant Regional Initiatives Specific study objectives Analyze gaps in the existing policy frameworks Analyze what potentials may exist for PHL reduction approaches Analyze the factors that contribute to effective realization of policies i Develop and share policy recommendations at national and regional

5 Methodology Rationale for research design and philosophy Research Strategy Target population and sampling Research instruments Document analysis and literature review In-depth Interviews National ldialogue Data analysis and validation

6 Findings from the study

7 Findings from the study Regional policies and Institutional Frameworks for managing gphlm Policies developed to trade in the Free Trade Zones (FTZs) and in anticipation of the customs union Common Agricultural Policy of the COMESA states as part of its investment policy commitments to invest in storage

8 Findings from the study Post-Harvest tmanagement tin Madagascar Rice storage mainly done in holes dug in the ground with rudimentary treatment Paddy stored in boxes, in brick structures or in huts on stilts built with local materials Grenier Communautaire Villageois estimated at , capacity of storage from 2 to 100 tonnes GCV primary mission i : assuring safety stock to members of a producer group, or used in credit warrantee Second function : better sell some produce Shelling materials for some peasant organizations

9 PHLM Policy framework No specific policy document on PHM Study conducted on agricultural development: Rural Development Policy Letter (RDPL) 2001 Action Plan for Rural Development (APRD)2001 National Program for Rural Development (NPRD) updated in 2005 Reduction loss post-harvest t could contribute t to 2 RPDL overall objectives: Ensuring food security Contributing to the improvement of economic growth

10 PHLM Policy framework 2 APRD specific objectives have indirect links with reducing post-harvest losses: Increasing farmers' income Strengthening the role of agriculture in the issue of food security and the fight against poverty APRD geared towards improving productivity However, APRD precursor for the involvement of all stakeholders in rural development

11 PHLM Policy framework Madagascar Naturally general economic objective: the transition from a subsistence economy to a market economy Specific economic objectives: Increasing agricultural production by 100% in 5 years and 200% in 10 years time National lprogram of frural ldevelopment t(nprd) updated in 2005: Objective #3 "Improving food security and increase agricultural production and processing"

12 PHLM Policy framework National Action Plan for Food Security (NAPFS), first document including in its programming focuses reducing gpost-harvest loss Chapter 7 defines the functions of storage at the household level, at the intermediate level (traders or Village Community Granary), and the wholesale level (millers, wholesalers) Chapter 8 indicates "Reducing post-harvest losses (processing, storage)., recognition the fight against post-harvest loss as a weapon to stabilize supply Promotion of mechanical peeling (small units), and improved storage by projects and programmes intervention

13 PHLM Policy framework Madagascar Action Plan (MAP) aimed for effective poverty reduction and a tangible improvement in the quality of life of Malagasy MAP s goal improving the productivity of smallholder farmers from 1.8 to 2.5 t/ha in 2005 to 3.5 t/ha in 2012, and double rice production 3.42 million tons in 2005 to 7millions tons in 2012 MAP is very silent when it comes to reductions in y post-harvest loss

14 PHLM Policy framework Cassava policy document proposed post-harvest management interventions with the goal to be used for feed meal In National Rice Development Strategy (NRDS), managing post-harvest loss reduction on the 11th position Proposed measures: establishment of silos in municipality and fokontany (village) of the major rice producing areas

15 PHLM Policy framework Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries Sector Program (PSAEP) : development on going Document Full Policy and Strategy validated by stakeholders 2 strategies should be taken for reducing postharvest loss: Increased productivity and production Improved food supply and inclusion

16 Key institutional framework Institutional mechanism required Recommendations : Steering Committee at the central level composed of all stakeholders Regional Committee on post-harvest management at regional llevell Communal structure of post-harvest management at municipality level

17 National PHM research No formal study on post harvest losses Knowledge based on estimates Priority focused towards improving productivity i and production One of constraints : to disseminate the results of research on PHM Other constraints t : poverty

18 Conclusions and Recommendations PHLM policy gaps and implementation challenges Apart from the NPRD or NAPFS no document seems to mention the post-harvest losses Gaps in institutional arrangement Development of PSAEP on going Specific Policy Framework developed D l f d f d i Development of an advocacy note for reducing post harvest losses to be reflected in PSAEP

19 Conclusions and Recommendations Opportunities remaining untapped Manangement of post-harvest losse minimized Knowledge on this topic minimal or non-existent No statistics ti ti available, no study Multiple impacts of post-harvest : loss of income for producers, increasing period of food security

20 Recommendations Government and its components Introduce improved post-harvest systems in programs PSAEP and NAIP Train professionals from the private sector to manufacture materials and equipment for operations post-harvest sector Promote and disseminate materials and equipment for producers or their Organizations

21 Recommendations Research organizations: Evaluate the post-harvest losses in all production operations of the value chain identifying critical points and ways to mitigate them Consider improving local know-how in post- harvest technologies when they exist, and disseminate the results Develop a guide to good post-harvest practices

22 Recommendations NGOs, Project / Program : Strengthen g the capacity of farmers' organizations in reducing post-harvest losses; Disseminate research results to producers; Mainstream measures to reduce post-harvest losses in any action for Agricultural Development

23 Recommendations NGOs, Project / Program : Educate members on the impact of post-harvest losses; Disseminate good post-harvest practices to members Technical and Financial Partners: Finance programs or activities focused on reducing gpost-harvest losses

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