An Asian Journal of Soil Science Volume 9 Issue 1 June, e ISSN Open Access

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1 An Asian Journal of Soil Science Volume 9 Issue 1 June, 2014 e ISSN Open Access Research Article Long-term effect of organic manuring and inorganic fertilizers for enhancing yield and soil properties under soybean ( Glycine max L.)- safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) cropping sequence in Vertisol S.T. SHIRALE, D.S. KIDE AND N.A. MESHRAM MEMBERS OF RESEARCH FORUM : Corresponding author : N.A. MESHRAM, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, PARBHANI (M.S.) INDIA nandkishor.meshram@rediffmail.com Co-authors : S.T. SHIRALE AND D.S. KIDE, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, PARBHANI (M.S.) INDIA Received : ; Revised : ; Accepted : Summary Long term fertilizer experiment was started from Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, to study the effect of manures and fertilizers on yield and soil properties under soybean-safflower cropping sequence during to on Vertisol (Typic Haplusterts). The results of pooled mean indicated that the 100 per cent Mg ha -1 was recorded highest grain yield of soybean (26.44 q ha -1 ) and safflower (18.71 q ha -1 ), whereas, it was statistically at par with 150 per cent NPK and100 per cent NPK+25 kg ZnSO 4 ha -1 in both the crops. Maximum soybean straw yield (35.02 q ha -1 ) was recorded by the treatment receiving 100 per cent 10 Mg ha -1, whereas highest straw yield of safflower (49.17 q ha -1 ) was recorded by the treatment 150 per cent NPK, but it was at par with the treatment receiving 100 per cent NPK+FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1 (47.85 q ha -1 ). The highest soybean grain equivalent was recorded by the treatment 100 per cent NPK+FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1, whereas, maximum benefit cost ratio (1.90) was found in the treatment receiving 150 per cent NPK followed by 100 per cent NPK+Zn (1.84) and 100 per cent NPK+FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1 (1.83). The improvement of soil properties with respect to ph, EC, OC, available NPKS and Zn was also prominent with the application of 100 per cent NPK+FYM@10 Mg ha -1 as compare to all the treatments. Key words : Long term, Soybean grain equivalent, Manures, Benefit cost ratio How to cite this article : Shirale, S.T., Kide, D.S. and Meshram, N.A. (2014). Long-term effect of organic manuring and inorganic fertilizers for enhancing yield and soil properties under soybean ( Glycine max L.)- safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) cropping sequence in Vertisol. Asian J. Soil Sci., 9(1):. Introduction Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the major oil seed crop during Kharif season. In Maharashtra area and production during the year under soybean crop was Lakh ha. with 29.7 lakh tones production and productivity was 982 kg ha -1, whereas safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) commanly known as Kardi is next important Rabi oil seed crop of the country. In Maharashtra area under this crop was 1.62 Lakh ha. with 0.96 Lakh tones of production (Anonymus, 2011). In this situation soybean followed by safflower (Irrigated) crop sequence can be adopted by the farmers and therefore the long term study was underaken to study the effect of fertilizers and manures on crop productivity and sustainability. Higher doses of chemical fertilizers and agricultural chemicals but insufficient use of organics leads to negative results on fertility, productivity and sustainability of soil. There is negative relationship between use of fertilizers and their rising prices particularly for small and marginal farm holders. Regular and prolonged exploitation of soil resources HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE

2 S.T. SHIRALE, D.S. KIDE AND N.A. MESHRAM for crop cultivation without addition of fertilizers and inadequate supply of fertilizers creates nutrient imbalance in the soil. By and large, Indian soils showed either deficiency or inadequacy in cluster of major and micronutrients. Augmentation or restoration of soil productivity can be achieved through addition of chemical fertilizer (off farm input), organic manures, wastes and residues as well as by improving nutrient cycling and propagation of micronutrient efficient on farm inputs/cultivars. In this context the concept of integrated plant nutrient supply can be sound practice for sustainable agriculture (Katkar et al., 2006). Thus, long-term fertilizer experiment give the valuable information on effect of organic integrated with inorganics under intensive cropping on soil fertility and crop productivity. Most studies were restricted under rice-wheat and soybean-wheat systems. Relatively limited information is available on Vertisol under soybeansafflower cropping system. Resource and Research Methods The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with twelve treatments replicated in four times. The treatments were viz., T 1 50 per cent NPK, T per centnpk, T per cent NPK, T per cent NPK+2 hand weeding, T per cent NPK+25 kg ZnSO 4 ha -1, T per cent NP, T per cent N, T per cent NPK+FYM@10 Mg ha -1, T per cent NPK-sulphur, T 10 Only FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1, T 11 Absolute control and T 12 Fallow. The soil of experimental field was clayey in texture and alkaline in reaction with ph (8.1), EC (0.218 dsm -1 ) organic carbon (5.5 g kg -1 ) and free CaCO 3 content (8.5 %). The initial status of available NPKS was 216.0, 16.0, 766.0, 30.5 kg ha 1, respectively, whereas available Zn was 0.98 mg kg -1. The nutrients were applied through fertilizers were urea, single super phosphate, muriate of potash and diammonium phosphate. Zinc was applied through ZnSO 4 for Kharif season crop. FYM was applied every year before 15 days of sowing of the soybean. The recommended dose applied to soybean and safflower was 30:60:30 and 60:40:00 kg N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O ha -1, respectively. The grain and straw yield of each crop were recorded and plot wise samples were collected after harvest of safflower. A representative portion of each soil sample was air dried, powdered and passed through 0.2 mm sieve for determination of organic carbon by Walkley and Black (1934). Electrical conductivity and ph of water saturated pastes were measured by conductivity and ph meter (Jackson, 1973). Available P was analyzed by using Olsens methods (Olsen et al., 1954) and available K was determined by 1 N neutral ammonium acetate as described by Jackson (1973). Available sulphur in soil was extracted using 0.15 per cent CaCl 2 as an extractant and determined spectrophotometrically using the method described by Chesnin and Yein (1950). Available N was determined by using alkaline permanganate method as described by Subbiah and Asija (1956) and DTPA extractable Zn was determined as per the methods described by Lindsay and Norvell (1978). The data of statistical analysis and interpretation was done by Panse and Sukhatme (1985). Research Findings and Discussion The results obtained from the present investigation as well as relevant discussion have been summarized under following heads : Grain and straw yield of soybean : Grain and straw yield of soybean under soybean- Table 1 : Effect of fertilizers and manures on grain and straw yield of soybean, safflower and soybean grain equivalent in soybean-safflower cropping sequence during to (Pooled mean) Treat. Soybean (q ha -1 ) Safflower (q ha -1 ) Soybean grain Benefit : No Grain yield Straw yield Grain yield Straw yield equivalent (q ha -1 ) cost ratio T 1 50 % NPK T % NPK T % NPK T % NPK+ HW T % NPK + Zn T % NP T % N T % NPK+FYM@ 10 Mg ha T % NPK sulphur T 10 Only 10 Mg ha T 11 Absolute control T 12 Fallow Mean S.E. ± C.D. (P=0.05) HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 131 Asian J. Soil Sci., (June, 2014) 9 (1) :

3 EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURING & INORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR ENHANCING YIELD & SOIL PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN SAFFLOWER CROPPING SEQUENCE safflower cropping sequence, the pooled means of five years of experimentation (Table 1) clearly showed that 100 per cent NPK + 10 Mg ha -1 (T 8 ) treatment proved its superiority over other treatments and recorded highest grain yield of soybean (26.44 q ha -1 ) and was statistically at par with 150 per cent NPK and 100 per cent NPK+ Zn and significantly superior over 50 per cent NPK (T 1 ), 100 per cent N (T 7 ), only FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1 and absolute control (T 11 ) treatments. The maximum straw yield of soybean ( q ha -1 ) was recorded by 100 per cent NPK + FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1 (T 8 ) treatment and was statistically at par with 150 per cent NPK (34.57 q ha -1 ) and 100 per cent NPK + Zn (32.83 q ha -1 ) treatments. The integrated use of chemical fertilizers with organics might have added huge quantity of organic matter in the soil that resulted in higher grain yields. Similar result was reported by Vyas and Khandwe (2012) under soybean-wheat system on Typic Chromosterts, the application of organics along with chemical fertilizers was found significantly increases yields over absolute control (no organic manure). Grain and straw yield of safflower : The data on pooled mean of fiver year experimentation for grain and strw yields of safflower (Table 1) clearly indicated that highest grain yield (18.71 q ha -1 ) was found with 100 per cent NPK+FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1 (T 8 ) treatment and which was statistically at par with 150 per cent NPK (18.46 q ha -1 ) and 100 per cent NPK +Zn (17.26 q ha -1 ) treatments and significantly superior over rest of the treatments. Lowest grain yield (11.12 q ha -1 ) of safflower was observed with control (T 11 ) treatment. The highest straw yield of safflower (49.17 q ha -1 ) was found with 150 per cent NPK treatment and it was statistically at par with 100 per cent NPK (44.83 q ha -1 ) 100 per cent NPK + HW (44.57 q ha -1 ), 100 per cent NPK + Zn (46.50 q ha -1 ) and 100 per cent NPK + FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1 (47.85 qha -1 ), respectively and significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The lowest straw yield (29.77 q ha -1 ) was observed with control treatment. This could be ascribed to contribution from annual use of organics that improved physico-chemical properties of soil and increased availability of plant nutrients therefore ultimately enhance in crop yields. Sharma et al. (2009) also noticed in Vertisols, the seed yield of safflower differed significantly improved due to the application of organic along with inorganic fertilizers. The mean yield of three years revealed that combined application of FYM@ 5 t ha -1 + RDF was recorded higher seed yield (10.95 q ha -1 ) over other treatments. Soybean grain equivalent: The data on effect of organic manures, fertilizers and their combinations on soybean grain equivalent in soybeansafflower crop sequence during to are presented in (Table 1). The values of soybean grain equivalent were calculated on the basis of market prices of soybean and safflower grains existing during the concerned year of experimentation. The pooled mean of five years of experimentation period showed that highest soybean grain equivalent (46.04 q ha -1 ) was observed with 100 per cent NPK + FYM@10 Mg ha -1 treatment followed by 150 per cent NPK and 100 per cent NPK + Zn treatment. It was also observed that 100 per cent NPK+Zn obtained higher crop yields as compared to 100 per centnpk treatment. Where as 100 per cent NPK-S recorded lower yields as compared to 100 per cent NPK treatment. These results clearly indicates the Table 2 : Effect of organic manures and fertilizers on soil properties after harvest of soybean safflower cropping sequence ( to ) Treat ph EC (dsm -1 ) Organic carbon (g kg -1 ) No Change Change Change T 1 50 per cent NPK T per cent NPK T per cent NPK T per cent NPK+HW T per cent NPK + Zn T per cent NP T per cent N T per cent NPK+FYM@ 10 Mg ha T per cent NPK sulphur T 10 Only 10 Mg ha T 11 Absolute control T 12 Fallow Mean S.E. ± C.D. (P=0.05) Initial HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 132 Asian J. Soil Sci., (June, 2014) 9 (1) :

4 S.T. SHIRALE, D.S. KIDE AND N.A. MESHRAM necessity of application of balanced essential nutrients to the soybean and safflower crops for harvesting optimum yields. Similar results are in conformity with Meena et al. (2006) who noticed under maize + soybean intercropping system on clay loam soil, application of 75 per cent RDF to maize (90 kg N ha -1 and 40 kg P ha -1 ) and 50 per cent to soybean 60 kg N ha -1 and 40 kg P ha -1 significantly increased their yields and equivalent yield over 50 per cent RDF in maize and control (no any fertilizer) in soybean. Benefit : cost ratio : Benefit cost ratio was calculated by considering the market prices of soybean and safflower crops and calculated cost of cultivation for five years of experimentation. The data indicated that the benefit cost ratio was maximum by the treatment 150 per cent NPK (1.90) followed by 100 per cent NPK+ZnSO kg ha -1 (1.84) and also followed by 100 per cent NPK + 10 Mg ha -1 (1.83) it might be due to the cost of manures. Similar result was reported by Chauhan et al. (2009) from the soybean-sunflower sequence, highest grass and net returns (Rs and ha -1 ) with B: C ratio (3.81) was obtained when both crops were grown with their recommended NPK dose i.e. T 7 where soybean received additional FYM@ 5 t ha -1 over no manure and fertilizers were applied to both the crops i.e. control (T 12 ). Available nutrient status of soil : The soil samples were collected after harvest of safflower crop during to and soil samples were analysed for ph, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and available nitrogen, phophorus, potassium, sulphur and zinc, respectively. The increase or decrease of these above parameters is compared with initial values obtained before sowing of first experiment during Kharif Soil reaction (ph) : The data (Table 2) showed that the soil ph after harvest of safflower crop during to did not show any visible trend under different treatments due to continuous use of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers and their combinations. It might be because of calcareous nature of soil, which is having high buffering capacity. It was also observed that maximum ( 0.17) ph was declined with only FYM@10 Mg ha -1 followed by 100 per cent NPK + FYM treatment (-0.13). It may be because of organic acids released during decomposition of FYM by microbes. There was very negligible increase in ph (+0.02) was also noticed in fallow treatment (T 12 ) followed by 150 per cent NPK (+0.01) and absolute control (T 11 ) treatments (+ 0.01), respectively. Similar result was noticed by Katkar et al. (2011) studied a long term experiment with sorghum-wheat cropping system on Vertisol, after 20 years of experimentation, slightly decrease in ph significantly with the application of 100 per cent NPK + FYM@ 10 t ha -1 over control. Electrical conductivity : Higher electrical conductivity of soil was observed in the plots receiving continuously 150 per cent NPK, 100 per cent NPK and 100 per cent NPK + Zn treatments (Table 2). This increase in EC might be attributed to the addition of salts through application of increased doses of inorganic fertilizers. It indicates that after five years of experimentation, EC of soil in most of the treatments was increased over initial value except 100 per cent 10 Mg ha -1 and 100 per cent NPK-S Table 3 : Effect of organic manures and fertilizers on soil properties after harvest of soybean safflower cropping sequence ( to ) Treat Available nitrogen (kg ha -1 ) Available phosphorus (kg ha -1 ) Available potassium (kg ha -1 ) No Change Change Change T 1 50 % NPK T % NPK T % NPK T % NPK+ HW T % NPK + Zn T % NP T % N T % NPK + 10 Mg ha T % NPK sulphur T 10 Only 10 Mg ha T 11 Absolute control T 12 Fallow Mean S.E. ± C.D. (P=0.05) Initial HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 133 Asian J. Soil Sci., (June, 2014) 9 (1) :

5 EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURING & INORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR ENHANCING YIELD & SOIL PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN SAFFLOWER CROPPING SEQUENCE treatments. Similar result was reported by Changade et al. (2011) during Kharif and Rabi season under sorghum-wheat sequence in Vertisol, the ph and EC was decreased, whereas increases in organic carbon content in soil with the application of 100 per cent NPK + 10 t ha -1 which was followed by treatment FYM alone and 150 per cent NPK. Soil organic carbon : The highest positive change (+1.10) was noticed in the treatment receiving 150 per cent NPK followed by only FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1 (+1.08) and 100 per centnpk + FYM (+1.05) treatments, respectively (Table 2). This could be ascribed to the contribution from annual use of organic manure (10 t FYM ha -1 ) during the period of experimentation and also due to increased levels of fertilizer application has helped in increasing the organic carbon content in soil and also due to the increased contribution from the dry leaves, roots, stubble s and other crop biomass. Application of balanced fertilization of NPK showed significantly higher organic carbon compares to control plot (Kundu et al., 2007) this has clearly indicated that integrated nutrient management followed over a long term was beneficial in maintenance of organic carbon levels in Vertisol. Available nitrogen content : The highest build up of available N (Table 3) was recorded by the treatment receiving 100 per cent NPK+ FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1 ( kg ha -1 ) followed by 150 per cent NPK ( kg ha -1 ). The higher gain of available N was found only in FYM treated plots as compared to 100 per cent NPK treatment. The magnitude of soil available N was always higher with balanced nutrient application. Application of phosphorus along with nitrogen (100 % NP) improved the available N status of soil as compared to the application of N alone under T 7 (100 % N) treatment. It was also noticed that the application of potassium with 100 per cent NP i.e. 100 per cent NPK also improved available N content in soil. The available N content decreased continuously in control plot (T 11 ) due to continuous nutrients mining with continuous cropping without fertilizer application after five years of experimentation it was observed that the available N status was not drastically reduced in any of treatments receiving manure or fertilizer application. Similar result was conformity with Katkar et al. (2011) who studied under sorghum-wheat cropping system on Vertisol, after 20 years of experimentation, availability of nitrogen was observed significantly increases with the application of 100 per cent NPK + FYM@ 10 t ha -1 over control. Available phosphorus : The data on change in available phosphorus status of soil (Table 3) during to revealed that as compared to initial status (16.00 kg ha -1 ) there were significant build up in available P status of soil (19.30 kg ha -1 ) in 100 per cent NPK + FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1 treatment. It was also observed that imbalance use of fertilizer nutrients reduced the available P content in soil. There was significant decline in available P content observed in 100 per cent N alone and also in unfertilized control (T 11 ) treatments occurred due to removal of P by the crops in absence of P application through external source. The available P status was significantly increased due to application of 50 per cent NP over 100 per cent N. Further, the application of 100 per cent NPK had also significant effect over 100 per cent NP on available P status. There were marked build up of available status of soil was observed under Table 4 : Effect of organic manures and fertilizers on soil properties after harvest of soybean-safflower cropping sequence ( to ) Treat Available sulphur (kg ha -1 ) Available zinc (kg ha -1 ) No Change Change T 1 50 % NPK T % NPK T % NPK T % NPK+HW T % NPK + Zn T % NP T % N T % NPK+ FYM@ 10 Mg ha T % NPK sulphur T 10 Only 10 Mg ha T 11 Absolute control T 12 Fallow Mean S.E. ± C.D. (P=0.05) Initial HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 134 Asian J. Soil Sci., (June, 2014) 9 (1) :

6 S.T. SHIRALE, D.S. KIDE AND N.A. MESHRAM 100 per cent NPK+FYM (+3.30 kg ha -1 ) and which was comparable with that of 150 per cent NPK treatment (+3.11 kg ha -1 ). Similar results are in conformity with Deshmukh et al. (2005) recorded the higher value of available P (15.48 kg ha -1 ) was observed when combination of FYM and NPK was used as compare to the other treatments. Available potassium : The data on changes in available K status in soil during five years of experimentation under soybean-safflower cropping sequence (Table 3) revealed that there was increased in available K status (816 kg ha -1 ) of soil over initial status (766 kg ha -1 ) was found with 100 per cent NPK + FYM followed by 150 per cent NPK ( kg ha -1 ) and only 10 Mg ha -1 ( kg ha -1 ) treatments, respectively. The application of organic manure may have caused reduction in K fixation and consequently increased K content in soil due to interaction of organic matter with clay besides the direct addition to the available K pools of soil. As compare to initial available K status (766.0 kg ha -1 ) there were build up of available K was found in all treatments except 100 per cent N (T 7 ) absolute control (T 11 ) and fallow (T 12 ) treatments where available K was declined. The maximum decline in available K was observed in control (T 11 ) treatment followed by 100 per cent N alone and the magnitude of decline decreased with increasing levels of NPK alone or in combination with organic manures. The continuous application of N alone or NP showed depressive effect on available K content of soil which may be due to nutrient imbalance in the soil and which caused mining of its native pools that caused reduction in crop yields. Similar results were reported by Deshmukh et al. (2005) reported that the higher value of available K (355 kg ha -1 ) was observed when combination of FYM and NPK was used. Similarly, Bellakki and Badanur (1997) and Kumar et al.(2007) who also reported that increased in potassium availability with the continuous use of manure balance fertilizers and combined use of manure+fertilizers with respect to sorghum-safflower and rice-wheat cropping system compare to control treatment. Available sulphur : Application of organic manures, chemical fertilizers and their combinations also affected significantly the availability of sulphur in soil. The data (Table 4) clearly showed that continuous application of 100 per cent NPK + FYM significantly maintained the available S status of soil (30.12 kg ha -1 ) followed by only FYM@ 10 Mg ha -1 (28.78 kg ha -1 ) and 150 per cent NPK (28.29 kg ha -1 ) treatments. Continuous growing of soybean-safflower without application of sulphurcontaining fertilizers caused decline in available S in the soil from its initial status to kg ha -1 in control which was followed by 100 per cent NPK-S (24.17 kg ha -1 ) and in 100 per cent N alone ( kg ha -1 ) treatments, respectively. It may be due to continuous use of diammonium phosphate (DAP) as P source which resulted decline in sulphur in 100 per cent NPK-S treatments causing reduction in crop yields as compared with single super phosphate application. It indicates that the trend of decrease in available S status was lower. Similar result was reported by Thakur et al. (2011) after 36 years under long-term fertilizer experiment with soybeanwheat cropping sequence in Vertisol, conjoint use of FYM with 100 per cent NPK substantially improved available S (28.5 kg ha -1 ) over its initial status, thereby indicating significant contribution towards sustaining the soil health. Available zinc : The perusal of data after five years of experimentation (Table 4) indicated that there was a remarkable depletion of available Zn from its initial status (0.98 mg kg -1 ) in all treatments except the treatment receiving 100 per cent NPK + Zn, whereas available Zn in soil was significantly increased (1.21 mg kg -1 ) after harvest of 10 th crop of soybean-safflower crop sequence. The inclusion of FYM also contributed to the buildup of Zn content in soil over the 100 per cent NPK treatment. This could be attributed to the direct contribution of FYM to nutrient pool and its beneficial effects either through complexation or mobilization of native Zn in soil. The continuous application of 100 per cent NPK + 25 kg ZnSO 4 ha - 1 every year resulted not only in the increase of DTPA-Zn content in soil but also sustained the yield at higher level as compared to 100 per cent NPK application. It was also observed that there were no marked differences within the graded levels of 50 per cent NPK to 150 per cent NPK on available Zn content in soil. Similar result was reported by Thakur et al. (2011) under long-term fertilizer experiment with soybean-wheat cropping sequence in Vertisol indicated that, in addition of Zn along with T per cent NPK significantly raised the level of available Zn content (1.33 mg kg -1 ) in soil. A significant build-up of available Zn due to Zn sulphate application along with 100 per cent NPK was occurred. It can be concluded that the application of NPK + FYM under soybean-safflower system was significantly superior over rest of the treatments in respect of grain yield, yield equivalent, B: C ratio and buildup of soil fertility. Amongst different nutrient management supply systems, application of only chemical fertilizers 150 per cent NPK was significantly superior as compare to the other treatments. Literature Cited Anonymus (2011). Strategies for increasing production of oilseeds: The Directorate of Oilseed Research, HYDERABAD (INDIA). Bellakki, A.K. and Badanur, V.P. (1997). Long term effect of integrated nutrient management on properties of Vertisol under dryland agriculture. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 45 : HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 135 Asian J. Soil Sci., (June, 2014) 9 (1) :

7 EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURING & INORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR ENHANCING YIELD & SOIL PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN SAFFLOWER CROPPING SEQUENCE Changade, H., Patil, O.B., Katkar, R.N., Deshmukh, R.R. and Deshmukh, A.H. (2011). Long term fertilization effect on soil Zn fractions and their relationship with soil properties under sorghumwheat sequence in Vertisol. PKV, Res. J., 35 : Chauhan, K.R., Ulemale, R.B. and Solunke, P.S. (2009). Production and economics of soybean-sunflower cropping system. Internat. J. Tropical Agric., 27 : Chesnin, L. and Yien, C.H. (1950). Turbidimetric determination of available sulphur. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J., 14 : Deshmukh, K.K., Khatik, S.K. and Dube, D.P. (2005). Effect of integrated use of inorganic, organic and biofertilizers on production, nutrient availability and economics feasibility of soybean grown on soil of Kaymore Plateau of Satpura Hills. J. Soil & Crop, 15 (1) : Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., NEW DELHI (INDIA). Katkar, R.N., Sonune, B.A. and Kadu, P.R. (2011). Long term effect of fertilization on soil chemical and biological characteristics and productivity under sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor)-wheat ( Triticum aestivum) system in Vertisol. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 81 (8) : Katkar, R.N., Turkhede, A.B. and Wankhade, S.T. (2006). Residual effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties and seed cotton yield. P.K.V. Res. J., 30 (1) : Kumar, A., Tripathi, H.P. and Yadav, D.S. (2007). Correcting nutrient imbalances for sustaining crop production. Indian J. Fert., 2 (11) : Kundu, S., Bhattacharyya Ranjan, Ved Prakash, Ghosh, B.N. and Gupta, H.S. (2007). Carbon sequestration and storage under rainfed soybean wheat rotation in a sandy soil of the Indian Himalayas. Soil & Tillage Res., 92 (1-2) : Lindsay, W.C. and Narvell, W.L. (1978). Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J., 9 42 (3) : t h Year of Excellence Meena, O.P., Gaur, B.L. and Singh, P. (2006). Effect of row ratio and fertility levels on productivity, economics and nutrient uptake in maize (Zea mays) + soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system. Internat. J. Agron., 51 (3) : Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. and Dean, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular. p Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1985). Statistical methods for Agricultural Workers, ICAR, NEW DELHI (INDIA). Sharma, K.L., Subbaiah, D., Solaiappan, U., Jawahar, V., Subramanian, P.K., Mishra, B., Venkateswarlu, J., Kusuma Grace, Korwar, G.R., Maruthi Sankar, Char, M.G., Ravindra, G., Gajbhiye, P.N., Madhavi, M., Mandal, U.K., Srinivas, K., Srinivasarao, C.H., Kausalya Ramachandran and Rani, K Usha (2009). Soil quality assessment under long-term soil and nutrient management practices in Vertisols of Kovilpatti. Indian J. Dryland Agric. Res. Dev., 24 (1) : Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, G.L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the determination of available N in Soils. Curr. Sci., 25 : Thakur, R., Sawarkar, S.D., Vaishya, U.K. and Muneshwar Singh (2011). Impact of continuous use of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure on soil properties and productivity under soybean-wheat intensive cropping of a Vertisol. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 59 (1) : Vyas, M.D. and Khandwe, R. (2012). Effect of integrated nutrient management on system productivity of soybean wheat cropping system in Vindhyan Plateau of Madhya Pradesh. J. Oilseed Res., 29: Walkley, A. and Black, C.A. (1934). An examination of method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci., 37 : HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 136 Asian J. Soil Sci., (June, 2014) 9 (1) :