UC 565: PATTERNS OF FOOD INSECURITY RISK IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY

Transcription

1 UC 565: PATTERNS OF FOOD INSECURITY RISK IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY Ryan Smith, MPH 2, Leslie Ray, MPH, MPPA, MA 1,2, Sanaa Abedin, MPH 2, Maria Pena, MPH 2. 1 County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Public Health Services, Emergency Medical Services 2 County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Public Health Services, Community Health Statistics Unit

2 SAN DIEGO COUNTY Welcome to San Diego County, the 2 nd most populous county in California and 5th most populous in the United States! San Diego has: Close to 3.2 million residents. Majority minority population. Busiest land border crossing in the world 1 of every 13 people who enter US come through San Ysidro. 70 miles of Coastline. 16 naval and military installations. 18 federally recognized Indian reservations. A total area of 4,526 square miles, larger than Rhode Island and Delaware combined.

3 SAN DIEGO COUNTY POPULATION BY RACE/ETHNICITY, 2015 Over 3 million people Racial/Ethnic groups from around the world. Over 100 languages Source: SANDAG, preliminary San Diego County 2015 population estimates

4 THE VISION Building Better Health Living Safely Thriving 4

5 PRESENTATION FOCUS Through collective efforts, we are working with other organizations locally to improve opportunities for residents to be consistently food secure Currently: developing estimates for Food Insecurity for San Diego Communities Examine associations between variables: contributing to food insecurity risk behaviors related to food insecurity risk and health outcomes that may be affected by food insecurity

6 FIRST STEP IDENTIFY FOOD INSECURITY ESTIMATES Our Top Choice: USDA Food Insecurity Low food security (old label=food insecurity without hunger): Reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet. Little or no indication of reduced food intake. Very low food security (old label=food insecurity with hunger): Reports of multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake. Percent Food Insecure In 2014: San Diego County California United States California Health Interview 38.1% 38.4% N/A Survey (CHIS)** USDA* N/A 13.5% 14.0% *California estimate is an average of data to produce more stable estimates. Alisha Coleman-Jensen, Matthew P. Rabbitt, Christian Gregory, and Anita Singh. Household Food Security in the United States in 2014, ERR-194, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, September ** California Health Interview Survey 2014, UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.

7 SECOND STEP VARIABLE IDENTIFICATION: USDA S FOOD ENVIRONMENT ATLAS Access Assistance Health Insecurity Local food and market estimates Prices and Taxes Restaurants Socioeconomic Factors Stores

8 VARIABLE IDENTIFICATION FOOD ENVIRONMENT ATLAS VARIABLES Variable Correlation Coefficient P Value Percent Adult Obesity Percent of Local Farms with direct sales Farmer s Markets per 1,000 pop Milk Price (low fat milk price/national average) Milk and Soda Price (price of low fat milk/ price of sodas) Chip and Pretzel sales tax, retail stores Chip and Pretzel sales tax, vending General food sales tax, retail stores SNAP vehicle exclusion National School Lunch Program participants (% pop) School Breakfast Program participants (% pop) WIC participants (% pop) Child & Adult Care (% pop)

9 VARIABLE IDENTIFICATION OVERALL VARIABLES POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD INSECURITY Food Environment Atlas: Percent Adult Obesity Percent of Local Farms with direct sales Farmer s Markets per 1,000 pop. Milk Price (low fat milk price/national average) Milk and Soda Price (price of low fat milk/ price of sodas) Chip and Pretzel sales tax, retail stores Chip and Pretzel sales tax, vending General food sales tax, retail stores SNAP vehicle exclusion National School Lunch Program participants (% pop) School Breakfast Program participants (% pop) WIC participants (% pop) Child & Adult Care (% pop) Socioeconomic: Race/ethnicity distribution Gender Educational Attainment Household Income Poverty level Unemployment Social: Family status Transportation Assistance: SNAP participation Health (Emergency Department Discharges to get at the episodic food insecurity best): Diabetes Coronary Heart Disease Asthma Behaviors: Food Expenditures Exercise Frequency Diet Control Meals from vending machines Meals from fast food locations Soda usage Alcohol usage

10 OUR GEOGRAPHIES IN THE FOLLOWING ANALYSES: 41 communities (aggregated census tracts) Reflect diverse population, lifestyles, urbanicity across county Allow consistent analysis of demographic & health data over time Excluding military population which is part of a different medical system

11 PUBLIC PROGRAM PARTICIPATION

12 FOOD CHOICES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

13 DIABETES DISTRIBUTION

14 ASTHMA DISTRIBUTION

15 CONCLUSION NEXT STEPS Communities at a possible increased risk for food insecurity: South and Central Region SRAs Next: Finalize variable list Finalize how we will combine these to develop a local food insecurity risk score OR (in addition) Finalize the development of a local Food Insecurity measure

16 THANK YOU! CONTACT INFORMATION Ryan A. Smith, MPH Epidemiologist County of San Diego Office: