Reducing Risk of IUU Seafood in Supply Chains

Transcription

1 Reducing Risk of IUU Seafood in Supply Chains Seafood Expo North America March 20, 2017 Moderator Huw Thomas

2 Global governance and international frameworks to stop IUU fishing Mark Richardson The Pew Charitable Trusts Seafood Expo North America 2017

3 The global threat of IUU fishing Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing Accounts for up to $23.5 billion, or 1 out of every 5 fish Undermines sustainable management of fish stocks Threatens economic and food security for developing nations Associated with other crimes including corruption, tax crime, drugs, human trafficking Photo credit: CCAMLR

4 Why IUU fishing persists Vast areas of ocean to monitor Limited national capacity for fisheries monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS) Weak or nonexistent laws No global requirement for vessel tracking & identification Lack of consistent port controls Nations unwilling or unable to control fleets Easy to conceal identity and offload catch = High profit / Low risk

5 International frameworks to stop IUU fishing UN Convention on the Law of the Sea* (1982) FAO Compliance Agreement* (1993) FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (1995) UN Fish Stocks Agreement* (1995) FAO Port State Measures Agreement* (2009) Other influences on international policy: International Plan of Action on IUU (2001) ITLOS decision (2015) Who has responsibility? Flag, Port, Coastal States *(Legally binding agreement)

6 Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA) Entered into force in June countries have ratified, including U.S. and E.U. Seeks to address ports of convenience Minimum standards for inspection Designated ports for foreign-flagged vessels Communication protocols between flag and port States Will bring additional transparency for industry Image source: FAO

7 Source: Matthew Camilleri, PhD, FAO, United Nations

8 Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA) Examples of data collected (PSMA Annex A): Port State and intended port of call Vessel identity Gear type and species VMS installed and operational Relevant authorizations (national, RFMO, etc.) Expected results: More scrutiny by national authorities Industry can look to ports that are part of the PSMA system Photo credit: istock

9 The role of RFMOs Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

10 Unique Vessel Identifiers (UVIs) International Maritime Organization (IMO) numbers Administered by IHS Maritime Required by IMO for all large commercial vessels Voluntary for fishing vessels Nearly all RFMOs have mandated their use Benefits: Bring clarity, consistency, and accuracy Help port authorities accept only legally caught fish Allow States to better manage vessels Gives retailers and seafood buyers more accurate information

11 Unique Vessel Identifiers (UVIs)

12 Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) Important tool for monitoring fisheries and to deter IUU fishing Nearly all RFMOs mandate VMS but requirements vary Pew research on best practices Essential elements: Transmit to coastal States and RFMOs in real-time (1-4 hours) Required for all vessels Approved types and tamper-proof units Operational at all times, with backup systems, penalties for non-compliance

13 Automatic Identification System (AIS) VHF-based tool for safe navigation Signals detected by ship-based, land-based, and now satellite-based receivers Required by IMO for all commercial vessels > 300 GT Voluntary for fishing vessels, but many (~30k) carry it Key differences between AIS and VMS: Open (AIS) vs. closed (VMS) Costs Industry should look for both VMS and AIS

14 Other international and national efforts Our Oceans conferences United States (2014) Chile (2015) United States (2016) Malta (2017) U.S. Regulations US seafood import rule (2018) Biennial report to congress EU regulations Catch certificates Yellow/Red card system Image source: U.S. Department of State

15 Conclusions Building an international framework to stop IUU fishing RFMOs establishing more requirement for fishing vessels on the high seas: Vessel identification Vessel tracking and safety Port state controls Takeaways for the seafood industry: Unique Vessel Identifiers: IMO numbers VMS and AIS units installed and in operation PSMA will provide more control over IUU risk

16 Thank you! Mark Richardson Officer, Ending Illegal Fishing Project The Pew Charitable Trusts

17 Transparency: key to delivering legal, sustainable and ethical seafood

18 Adopt a risk based approach: - Prioritise high-risk areas - Use unannounced audits - Have protocol to address issues - Sanction non-compliance

19 Implement mandatory: - Two-way Vessel monitoring systems (VMS) with polling rates that facilitate detection of infractions. - Automatic identification systems (AIS)

20 Adopt digital systems for data collection of: - Catch documentation - Landing certificates - Vessel licenses - Ships logs and crew manifests - Support adoption of standardised documentation across the seafood industry internationally

21 Require monitoring of all transshipment at sea

22 Build standardised platforms for information sharing seek to make them interoperable globally

23 No-cost solution: Make vessel registration and fishing license lists publicly available

24 Mandatory IMO numbers (or other Unique Vessel Identifier) linked to a Global Record of Fishing Vessels

25 Ensuring functioning of the 4 P s: - Policies: National legislation in place + company requirements for suppliers Product: Robust technology - Process: Enforcement of operational protocol - People: Competence & Culture of compliance at all levels

26 As the world s largest importer of fishery products, the European Union is a valuable destination market for IUU operators. To counteract IUU, a Regulation entered into force in 2010 establishing an EU-wide system to prevent, deter and eliminate the import of IUU fishery products into the EU market. Main components of the regulation: - Catch certificates - Third-country carding process - Penalties for EU nationals

27 EJF s IUU Due Diligence Guide offers expert advice to retailers on supply chain risk assessment and mitigation. It has been published in UK & France and is planned in other major EU markets.

28 A Publically Available Specification is also in final stages of development. It is a code of conduct for European processors and importers to reduce the risk of IUU and human trafficking in their supply chains.

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31 Thank you for your attention

32 How businesses can create an IUU due diligence plan Mariah Boyle, FishWise

33 Taking Stock What are the possible benefits of an IUU due diligence program? What is the company s or supply chain s ambition? What are the goals of the IUU due diligence program?

34 Considerations Is your company interested in preparing for or meeting regulatory requirements, such as the U.S. SIMP or the E.U. IUU Regulation? Is your company receiving inquiries or requests from customers regarding its traceability or anti-iuu practices and commitments? What are your company s biggest challenges to improving traceability? Where are the biggest opportunities? What are some of your company s top priorities in the next few years?

35 Risk Assessment

36 Risk Assessment Data Sources EU list of Non-Cooperating Third Countries Academic Studies of IUU U.S. Biennial Report to Congress on International Fisheries Management At-Risk Species by U.S. IUU Task Force

37 U.S. Biennial Report to Congress

38 U.S. Biennial Report to Congress

39 U.S. Biennial Report to Congress

40 IUU Species by U.S. IUU Task Force Image from: DFO Canada

41 Conduct Risk Assessment

42 Verification

43 Solutionsforseafood.org

44 Connectivity

45 Thank you Mariah Boyle Traceability Division Director, FishWise

46 The private sector s role in fisheries compliance Bradley Soule Chief Fisheries Analyst Seafood Expo North America 20 March 2017

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49 What is a culture of compliance? How does it matter for MSY and IUU?

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51 How does Port State Measures Agreement matter to the supply chain?

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53 THANK YOU

54 Driving Oversight and Continual Improvement People, Product and Process Progress Update - March 2017 Seafood Task Force, Inc All rights reserved. The contents of this document should not be used, disclosed or disseminated without prior permission of the Task Force Secretariat. Members of the Alliance may not solicit, directly or indirectly, the participation of another institution without the prior approval of the Task Force Secretariat. The Seafood Task Force, formerly the Shrimp Sustainable Supply Chain Task Force, Inc. is a non-profit corporation organized in the USA as a 501(c) (6) trade association.

55 Over the next 10 mins Task Force aims and objectives quick recap

56 Leading Thailand s seafood supply chain towards a more sustainable pathway The only international multi-stakeholder collaboration with full supply chain participation addressing social and environmental issues in the seafood supply chain Practical solutions right now Seafood Task Force, Inc. Formerly the Shrimp Sustainable Supply Chain Task Force, Inc All rights reserved.

57 Current Membership includes Leading Thailand s seafood supply chain towards a more sustainable pathway Seafood Task Force, Inc. Formerly the Shrimp Sustainable Supply Chain Task Force, Inc All rights reserved.

58 NGO and Advisory Current Member Organizations External Stakeholder Group (ESA) Feb 17 Listed in alphabetical order Aquaculture Stewardship Council - ASC Bureau Veritas Ethical Trade Initiative - ETI Fishwise FMI Global Aquaculture Alliance - GAA IDH The Sustainable Trade Initiative International Justice Mission International Seafood Sustainability Foundation - ISSF Satellite Applications Catapult Sustainable Fish Partnership - SFP Sustainability Incubator UL Verite World Wildlife Fund - WWF

59 Our Aims Leading Thailand s seafood supply chain towards a more sustainable pathway Drive measurable social and environmental change in the Thai seafood industry through greater supply chain accountability, verification and transparency Emphasis - feed for farmed shrimp, tuna and other seafood products exported to the US and the EU Promote common interests of Members with considered strategies to improve the livelihood and dignity of workers and the sustainability of Thailand s fisheries for the longer term And ultimately create models that are scalable and replicable across the globe Seafood Task Force, Inc. Formerly the Shrimp Sustainable Supply Chain Task Force, Inc All rights reserved.

60 The Task Force is the most influential and diverse coalition of stakeholders operating in Thailand on this issue 2016 Seafood Task Force, Inc. Formerly the Shrimp Sustainable Supply Chain Task Force, Inc All rights reserved.

61 From Strategy to Tactics Core Objective Supply Chain Oversight Supervision, surveillance, superintendence, inspection, charge, care, administration, management, government, direction, control, command, handling, custody Seafood Task Force, Inc. Formerly the Shrimp Sustainable Supply Chain Task Force, Inc All rights reserved.

62 Strategy Leading Thailand s seafood supply chain towards a more sustainable pathway Seafood Task Force, Inc. Formerly the Shrimp Sustainable Supply Chain Task Force, Inc All rights reserved.

63 Tactics

64 From Strategy to Tactics 2017 Objective: Supply Chain Oversight. To lead Thailand s seafood supply chain towards a more sustainable pathway through driving oversight and continual improvement - people, product and process Strategy: Tackle Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing (IUU) Tactics: Exploit know-how, resource and commercial leverage of the Membership through Sub-Groups. Begin to deliver change. Lots done. Lots to do. Specific and measurable work plans for: Track and Trace - entire supply chain. International Verification. Vessel to Retailer & Food Service Task Force Codes of Conduct. Social Compliance. International Recognition Accountability on the water Fishery Improvement Projects. A long lasting sustainable fishery Step by step. Fill the gaps. Practical Solutions. Action. Build a model that can then be replicated

65 Leading Thailand s Seafood Task Force, Inc. Formerly the Shrimp Sustainable Supply Chain Task Force, Inc All rights reserved. seafood supply chain towards a more sustainable pathway