EVALUATING PARTICIPATORY TECHNIQUES TO DEVELOP CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLAN OF ACTION: NEPAL CASE STUDY

Transcription

1 EVALUATING PARTICIPATORY TECHNIQUES TO DEVELOP CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLAN OF ACTION: NEPAL CASE STUDY Chiranjeewee Khadka* 1,2, Anju Upadhyaya 3, Hima. D. Uprety 3, Keshav Aryal 3, Pavel Cudlin 1, Harald Vacik 2 1 Global Change Research Centre AS CR, České Budějovice, Czech Republic 2 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Silviculture 3 Natural and Organization Resource Management Services (NORMS) Pvt. Ltd. Kathmandu, Nepal 1

2 Presentation flows Study contexts: NAPA, LAPA and CAPA Objectives of the study Elements of CAPA for evaluating participatory techniques CAPA preparation process, proposes and used participatory techniques Performance of participatory techniques regarding the evaluation criteria Conclusions Recommendations 2

3 Study Context: NAPA, LAPA and CAPA Development of National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) for CC adaption in 2010 Approval of the Local Adaptation Plan of Action (LAPA) for implementation at local and district level Launch of the Nepal Climate Change Support Programm Readiness Preparedness Proposal (REDD RPP) Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) Community Based Adaptation Plan for Action(CAPA) at Community Level 3

4 Study Context Community based climate change adaptation plan of action (CAPA) is a bottom-up planning, with integrating adaptation planning of both community based adaptation (CBA) and ecosystem based adaptation (EBA). Community based adaptation (CBA) is a community-led process based on communities priorities, needs,. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) is the expert-driven process of the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services LAPA and CAPA CAPA included the components of ecosystem and biodiversity parts Promoting governance, information and communication, Monitoring and Evaluation CAPA emphasis on community ownership and responsibility whereas LAPA emphasis on VDC Supporting Innovation, Initiative and Enterprise 4

5 Study Contexts Study 1: Differential impacts analysis for climate change adaptation: A case study from Kailali, Kaski and Gorkha districts of Nepal Study 2: Community based Climate Change Adaptation Best Practices and Learning Documentation 5

6 Objectives of the study To assess and evaluate participatory tools and techniques with regard to their potential to identify adaptation measures and to increase the resilience and adaptive capacity for communities living in forests To identify best and appropriate options of participatory tools, for ensuring stakeholder engagement and assessing climate impacts and ecosystem services 6

7 Conceptual Framework for the Study-IFPRI,2011 Climate Signal Climate Change - Change in Temperature, Rainfall ADAPTATION ARENA (Individual, household, group) VULNERABILITY CONTEXT Actors (women, men, poor, Dalit, marginalized Janajati, & youth) Resources User Characteristics Information & technology Decision-making power Biophysical characteristics Institutional arrangements Resilient communities /group and household Adaptive capacity 7

8 SN Distribution of Sample size Name of Proposed District Number of households interview (proposed) 1 Kailali (TAL) 33 (40% of most vulnerable in a district) 2 Gorkha (CHAL) 12 (40% of most vulnerable in a district) 3 Kaski (CHAL) 12 (40% of most vulnerable in a district) Number of households interview (conducted) 28 (35% of most vulnerable in a district, 10% in a CAPA unit)) 19 (65% of most vulnerable in a district, 10% in CAPA unit)) 26 (65% of most vulnerable in a district, 10% in CAPA unit) Number Key informant 4 National level 4 Number of FGDs at community level 3 5 (30% of CAPA in a district) 3 2 (30% of CAPA in a district) 3 2 (30% of CAPA in a district) Total 57 (10% of total most vulnerable HHs in CAPAs) 73 (13% of total most vulnerable HHs in district, 10% in CAPA unit) 13 9 (10 % of total CAPAs) 8

9 Elements of CAPA Climatic signals models Impacts and trade-off Ecosystem functions local resources Forest Indigenours knowledge Community Water Capacity Empowerment Resources

10 Presentation flows: CAPA preparation process, propose, and used participatory tools and techniques Process Propose Tools/Technique used Climate change sensitization Identification of causes of poverty and vulnerability, - Identification of vulnerable ecosystem and human community, Sensitization to community on climate change Vulnerability mapping, Climate hazard ranking, Livelihood resource vulnerability assessment,, stakeholder analysis, participatory well-being ranking, Ecosystem vulnerability mapping Vulnerability and adaptation assessment Identify vulnerable wards, communities and ecosystems Ecosystem vulnerability mapping, Resource mapping; timeline and seasonal calendar, Vulnerability matrix Prioritizing adaptation options Identify climate vulnerable communities, households and individuals in wards and villages, and ecosystem vulnerability Ecosystem vulnerability mapping, Hazard analysis / trend mapping; Ecosystem Vulnerability mapping, Climate hazard ranking Identify adaptation practices and actions Support resource exploration and the efficient mobilization of resources Hazard mapping; vulnerability mapping; resource mapping Livelihood resource mapping, stakeholder analysis Formulation of adaptation plan Prepare an adaptation plan. Best practices, PMERL Prepare a monitoring plan Best practices, PMERL Formulation of participatory monitoring, evaluation, reflection and learning plan Integrating LAPA into local to national planning, Implementing local adaptation plans and Assessing progress through monitoring and evaluation 10

11 Performance of participatory methods regarding the evaluation criteria ( Scale -2,-1,0, 1, 2) Promote to identify the ecosystem services and service provides Help to assess community scenarios and ecosystem assessment Encourage mainstreaming CAPA Allow quantitative data while analyzing Encourage intigrated plan preparation Allow to analyze of alternative adaptation measures Allow involving a high number of people and stakeholders Encourage the participation of disadvantaged and poor groups Motivate community to develop solutions of their problems Engagement of communities in defining the problems Help to cause of poverty and vulnerability Promote to identify the vulnerable sites and units in the local area Consider community's experiences and local adaptation initiatives Promote to identify local resources Address the needs of most vulnerable population

12 Quantitative ratings for the performing methods for the CAPA PMERL 6 Livelihood resource vulnerability assessment 11 Livelihood resource mapping 13 Ecosystem vulnerability mapping 5 Stakeholder analysis Best practices 9 9 Participatory well being ranking 13 Climate hazard impact assessment 11 Climate hazard ranking 13 Seasonal calendar 5 Climatic hazard trend analysis 13 Climate hazard mapping 14 12

13 Conclusions Vulnerabilities are found more significant in different exposure, access and control of resources, income and socio-economic and assets. Same community may need more specific or tailored questions and methods to identify and address similar issues. Local communities systematically assessed their local situation with respect to identify vulnerabiliy, livelihood, risk, and potential benefits and adaptation strategy. Project uses a top down approach and usually involves infrastructure construction (e.g. embankments, road, irrigation) which may results in mal adaptation in the long run. 13

14 Conclusions... Vulnerability context/assessment are weakly linked to impacts, vulnerability and adaptive planning and a case of field studies The appropriate methods and use of combined tools are demanding for CCA Lacking to identify and develop the range of short- to long-term climate scenarios, trade-off analysis, synergy and adaptive management Climate hazard and vulnerability mapping and ranking, livelihood resource mapping and participatory well-being ranking are best and appropriate options for ensuring stakeholder engagement and assessing contexts. Lack of tools to analyze alternative adaptation measures, integrating climate change adaptation plan and mainstreaming CAPA to LAPA 14

15 Recommendations Tools used in adaptation plan should deal out risk and uncertainties along identification of climate change scenarios, impacts, trade-off, synergy and sensitivity There is demand of greater scientific understanding of the causes and effects in order to respond and reduce the risks and build resilience and adaptive capacity. Hence there is a need to develop and structure the existing knowledge of CBA into a scientific approach. Identify and use of gender-sensitive tools and strategies for vulnerability and impact assessment are needed to ensure fully engagement and economic empowerment to women and vulnerable groups To identify appropriate methods to enhance the capacity building process of the most vulnerable groups and people to improve livelihoods 15

16 Thank you for your attentions! For further contact: Dr. Chiranjeewee Khadka CzechGlobe, Department of Carbon Storage in the Landscape, Czech Republic 16