PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED HORTICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN KARNATAKA Sathyendra Kumar AD* 1, Dr. H. M. Chandrashekar 2

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED HORTICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN KARNATAKA Sathyendra Kumar AD* 1, Dr. H. M. Chandrashekar 2"

Transcription

1 ISSN: IJMRR/Sept. 2015/ Volume 5/Issue 9/Article No-3/ Sathyendra Kumar AD et. al., / International Journal of Management Research & Review PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED HORTICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN KARNATAKA Sathyendra Kumar AD* 1, Dr. H. M. Chandrashekar 2 1 Research Scholar, Agri-Business Management, Institute of Development Studies, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,, Karnataka, India. 2 Asst. Prof, Agri-Business Management, Institute of Development Studies, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore,, Karnataka, India. ABSTRACT This survey has been carried out to discuss the Growth in area, production and productivity of Horticultural commodities in Karnataka. It analyzed the area, production and productivity of horticultural commodities necessary secondary data were collected for a period of 13 years from to Growth rates estimated for changes in area under different crops showed a significant positive growth in area of vegetable, fruits and, spices and plantation crops, similarly the production vegetable, fruits spices and plantation crops showed a significant positive growth rate. The production of oilseeds registered insignificant and negative growth. The productivity vegetable, fruits spices and plantation crops showed a significant positive growth rate. Keywords: Area, Production, Productivity, Horticultural commodities. INTRODUCTION Agriculture has always been the backbone of the Indian economy and despite concerted industrialization last six decades agriculture still occupies a place of pride. It provides employment to around 60 per cent of total work force in the country. In the share of agricultural GDP was around 55 per cent. Because of the process industrialization and economic growth gathered momentum under the five year plans with manufacturing and service sectors growing rapidly and also facing various constraints such as fragmentation of landholding, low productivity and conversion of agricultural land to nonagricultural uses, agriculture sector limping along, the percentage share of agriculture GDP declined and reached a level of 13.7 per cent in While contributing per cent of the total export in India in , with only 2.3 per cent of world s total land area supports 18 per cent of human and 15 per cent of livestock population in the world. The country has made an impressive progress on the food front, which has resulted in increased production of food grains and still there are increasing investment opportunities in the sector due to the rising need for quality and value-added products. The geographical area of Karnataka is lakh ha. of with an area of lakh ha. Comes under the cultivable area, constituting 65.95% of geographical area for the year *Corresponding Author 669

2 13. Out of total cultivable area, lakh ha. are covered under horticulture, as per Horticulture Crop Statistics of Karnataka State At A Glance Horticulture area in the state account about 15.14% of the total cultivable area. Out of lakh ha. of the total horticulture cropped area, 8.21 lakh ha. (43.17%) comes under plantation crops; 4.38 lakh ha. (23.03%) under Vegetables; 3.54 lakh ha. (18.61%) under Fruits; 2.57 lakh ha. (13.51%) under Spices and 0.32 lakh ha. (1.69%) under commercial Flowers, including the area under the Medicinal and Aromatic plants. Accordingly, the total horticultural production in the state during the year under reference figures is lakh tons. Going in detail the production figures stand at lakh tons (40.31%) with respect to Fruits Crops; lakh tons. (48.51%) with respect to Vegetables Crops; 9.99 lakh tons (6.57%) with respect to Spics Crops; 8.21 lakh tons (3.17%) with respect to Garden/ Plantation Crops and 2.19 lakh ha tons (1.44%) with respect to crops coming under commercial Flowers, including the area under the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Due to introduction of the high yielding varieties, through the improved technology, and also due to the commercialization the productivity of horticulture crops has improved. But due to flood situation that prevailed in northern part of Karnataka, failure of rains during Rabi and summer seasons, change of cropping pattern, there is a decrease in the total area under horticultural crops when compared to Recently, efforts are being made by the government of Karnataka, to boost-up the agriculture exports, mainly of horticultural produce like fruits, vegetables and flower, through the effective Agricultural Policy. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The major objective of the study is examining the growth in area, production and productivity of major Horticultural Commodities in the Karnataka state. METHODOLOGY To study the growth in area, production and productivity of major agricultural commodities in the Karnataka state. The study is based on time series data on area, production, and productivity of Horticulture Commodities was available from onwards. Hence the analysis was covered for the period from to Data used for the study was collected from published sources from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES), Bangalore, Karnataka, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation government of India, and Department of Horticulture government of Karnataka. The growth in the area, production and productivity under different agricultural commodities was estimated using the compound growth function of the form: y = ab t e u y = dependent variable for which growth is to be estimated a = intercept b = t = regression coefficient time variable Copyright 2012 Published by IJMRR. All rights reserved 670

3 e = exponent term (2.3018) u = disturbance term The logarithmic form of equation is log y=log a + t log b+u The compound growth rate (g) in percentage is computed from the relationship. g = (anti log of log b) 1 * 100 or g = (b-1)* 100 The standard error of the growth rate was estimated and tested for its significance with t statistic. If the compound growth rate is positive, the variable starts increasing, if the compound growth rate is negative, the variable starts decreasing year by year during the study period. The co efficient of variation (CV) was used as the measure of instability CV= Standard Deviation 100 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Growth in Area, Production and Productivity of Vegetable Crops in Karnataka In general, a significant growth in area and production of selected vegetables was observed during the study period (Table 5). The increase in demand for vegetables, better prices and improvement in income levels with improved varieties and production technology in recent years might have encouraged the growth in vegetable production in the state (Saraswati Poudel et, al, 2012). Potato, Tomato, Onion, Brinjal, Beans are the different vegetable crops grown in the state. The growth in area under vegetables has recorded an annual increment of 1.77 per cent per annum. The growth in production of vegetables increased significantly at the rate of 3.46 per cent per annum, and the growth in productivity of vegetables increased significantly at the rate of 1.65 per cent per annum. The area under Potato showed a declining growth rate of per cent per annum. Despite the decrease in area, the production of Potato has also shown a declining trend in the state. This was mainly due to declining in productivity of Potato. Potato showed the production growth rate of per cent per annum. The compound growth in area under onion is 3.82 per cent per annum. The production of onion also registered an increment of 4.33 per cent per annum. However, the growth in productivity of onion in the state was found to be increasing (0.43 % pa). The area under Tomato showed an increasing growth rate of 2.26 per cent per annum. Despite the increasing in area, the production of Tomato has also shown an increasing trend in the state. This was mainly due to increase in productivity of Tomato. Tomato showed the production growth rate of 6.54 per cent per annum. The growth rate for productivity of Tomato was 3.10 per cent per annum. The area under brinjal registered a declining growth rate of per cent per annum. The growth in production of brinjal was 5.27 per cent per annum. Brinjal productivity recorded a positive growth of 4.01 per cent per annum. The area under Beans in the state has decreased by per cent per annum. The production of Beans showed a significant increasing growth rate of 1.93 per cent per annum. The productivity of Beans showed significant positive growth of 1.57 per cent per annum. Copyright 2012 Published by IJMRR. All rights reserved 671

4 Table 1: Growth in Area, Production and Productivity of Vegetable Crops in Karnataka ( to ) Crop area (lakh ha) Potato 0.56 (21.45) Tomato 0.37 (14.4) Onion 1.44 (55.52) Brinjal 0.14 (5.22) Beans 0.09 (3.41) Total 2.59 vegetable (selected) production (lakh tons) (21.44) (20.17) (47.99) (7.56) (2.85) Source: Computed by the Researcher 2015; Significant at one percent. productivity (kg/ha) Growth in Area, Production and Productivity of Fruits Crops in Karnataka The growth in area, production and productivity of selected fruits crops are depicted in Table 6. The growth in area under selected fruits has recorded an increment of 6.24 per cent per annum. The production of fruits crops increased (10.03 % per annum) during the study period. This might be due to their adaptability in varied-agro climatic condition of the state. Moreover, the increase in demand for fruits, better prices, relatively higher income with improved management practices and production technology in recent years encouraged the growth in fruits production. The average production of fruits in the state was lakh tons with coefficient of variation of per cent. The area under banana in the state showed significant increase of per cent per annum. There was a significant increase in production at the rate of per cent per annum. The growth in productivity of banana was also positive (3.34 % pa). Thus, the growth in production of banana in Karnataka was due to growth in both area and productivity of banana in the state. Guava recorded a significant increase in production and productivity in the state. There is no growth rate found area under guava during study period. Production of Guava increased at 1.42 per cent per annum. The yield growth of Guava was 1.82 per cent per annum. Thus, the growth in production of Guava in the state has come mainly from growth in productivity. Sapota registered a significant positive growth in area, production and productivity. Area under sapota increased at the rate of 8.69 per cent per annum. Similarly the production has increased at the rate of per cent per annum. However the productivity of sapota registered an increasing trend of 1.89 per cent per annum. Mango is a most important fruits in India, the area under Mango in the state showed significant increase of 4.21 per cent per annum. There was a significant increase in production at the rate of 8.26 per cent per annum. The growth in productivity of Mango was also positive (4.20 % pa). Grapes recorded a significant increase in area, production and productivity in the state. The annual increment in area was found to be per cent per Copyright 2012 Published by IJMRR. All rights reserved 672

5 annum. Production of Grapes increased at per cent per annum. The yield growth of Grapes was 3.56 per cent per annum. Table 2: Growth in Area, Production and Productivity of Fruits Crops in Karnataka ( to ) Crop area (lakh ha) Banana 0.46 (24.72) Guava 0.05 (2.5) Sapota 0.14 (7.33) Mango 1.11 (59.63) Grapes 0.11 (5.81) Total 1.86 fruits (selected) production (lakh tons) (51.14) (1.4) (2.9) (25.27) (19.3) Source: Computed by the Researcher 2015; Significant at one percent. productivity (kg/ha) Growth in Area, Production and Productivity of Spices and Plantation Crops in Karnataka In general, a significant growth in area and production of selected spices and plantation crops was observed during the study period (Table 7). Dry Chillies, Dry Ginger, Black Pepper, Areca nut, Cashew nut are the different spices and plantation crops grown in the state. The growth in area under spices and plantation has recorded an annual increment of 2.16 per cent per annum. The growth in production of spices and plantation increased significantly at the rate of per cent per annum. The area under production of Dry Chillies showed a significant declining growth rate of per cent per annum. The production of Dry Chillies showed a significant declining growth rate of per cent per annum. The productivity of Dry Chillies increasing at a rate of 3.16 per cent per annum. In the case of Dry ginger, a significant growth in area, yield and production was observed during the study period. The area under Dry ginger grew at per cent per annum. Dry Ginger production registered the growth rate of per cent per annum. The productivity of Dry ginger in the state registered a growth rate of per cent per annum. The area under Black Pepper in the state had positive growth of 9.94 per cent per annum. The production of Black Pepper recorded a positive growth (16.88% pa). The productivity of Black Pepper showed significant positive growth of 6.59 per cent per annum. Areca nut recorded a significant increment in area, production and productivity in the state. The area under areca nut was growing at the rate of 5.08 per cent per annum and its growth in production was 7.61 per cent per annum. Similarly areca nut recorded the productivity growth of 2.41 per cent per annum. The production and productivity of cashew nut showed significant increase of 4.64 per cent per annum and 3.06 per cent per annum respectively. The growth in area was also positive (1.45 % pa) but it was non-significant. This showed that Copyright 2012 Published by IJMRR. All rights reserved 673

6 increase in production of cashew nut in the state was mainly due to increase in productivity rather than due to increase in area. Table 3: Growth in Area, Production and Productivity of Spices and Plantation Crops in Karnataka ( to ) Crop area (lakh ha) Dry 1.35 Chillies (33.85) Dry Ginger 0.21 (5.26) Black 0.15 Pepper (3.67) Areca nut 1.68 (42.2) Cashew nut 0.60 Total spices and plantation crops (selected) (15.02) 3.97 production (lakh tons) (6.55) (27.47) (2.44) (61.6) (1.93) Source: Computed by the Researcher 2015; Significant at one percent FINDINGS OF THE STUDY productivity (kg/ha) In the study period growth in area under Beans (-4.99%), negative growth. and in production (-1.02%), and productivity (-1.08%) of potato in negative growth. 2. During the study period there is no growth in area under production of guava, and growth in production of Sapota (16.70%) is high when compared to other fruits (selected). 3. During the study period growth in area under production of dry chillies (-3.10%), negative in trend and when compared to other product production of dry ginger (28.25%) is high positive growth. CONCLUSION Thus, the growth rates estimated for changes in area under different crops showed a significant positive growth in area of selected Horticultural commodities. The area under total vegetable, fruits and, spices and plantation crops positive significant growth. The study revealed that the production and productivity of major Vegetable like Tomato, Onion, Brinjal, and Beans are experiencing a substantial annual increment production and Productivity of Potato experiencing a substantial annual decrement. Area, Production and Productivity of fruits are positive significant growth. The area and production of Dry Chillies is substantial annual decrement. Thus, there is a need to take up Area, Production and Productivity enhancing measures in these crops like varietal improvement, improved cultural practices, distribution of planting materials, disease control measures, and selection of appropriate crop according to agro climatic conditions and irrigation facilities. Copyright 2012 Published by IJMRR. All rights reserved 674

7 REFERENCES [1] Anonymous, 2013, Fully Revised Estimates of Principal Crops in Karnataka for the year , Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore. [2] Anonymous, 2013, Horticulture statistics of Karnataka state at a glance , Directorate of Horticulture. Bangalore. [3] Datt, Sundharam. Indian Economy, S chand publication, 2012 edition, pp [4] Madhusudhana B. A Survey on Area, Production and Productivity of Groundnut Crop in India. Journal of Economics and Finance 2013; 1(3): 1-7. [5] Rajpurohit A. Recent trends in agricultural growth rates in Karnataka. Indian J. Agric. Econ 1983; 38(2): [6] Ghosh SP. Carrying capacity of Indian horticulture. Current science 2012; 102(6). [7] Saraswati Poudel Acharya H, Basavaraja B, Kunnal SB, Mahajanashetti, Bhat ARS. Growth in Area, Production and Productivity of Major Crops in Karnataka. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 2012; 25(4): Copyright 2012 Published by IJMRR. All rights reserved 675