EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF SWAZILAND Swaziland General Certificate of Secondary Education

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1 EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF SWAZILAND Swaziland General Certificate of Secondary Education CANDIDATE NAME CENTRE NUMBER CANDIDATE NUMBER AGRICULTURE 6882/02 Paper 2 October/November hour 30 minutes Candidates answer: Section A: Structured questions on the Question Paper. Section B: Two essay questions on the lined paper provided. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre Number, Candidate Number and Name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional materials are required. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. 1 Answer all six structured questions and attempt two essay questions out of the three provided. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part of the question Total This document consists of 9 printed pages and 3 blank pages. [Turn over

2 2 Section A 60 Marks Answer all questions in this section. 1 (a) (i) State what is meant by food security?... [1] (ii) Explain how intensive farming systems improve food security.... [3] (iii) Suggest two ways intensive farming systems might harm the environment.... [2] (b) The environment influences the growth of crops. Explain two ways how wind affects the growth of a named crop... [2] (c) Suggest reasons for practising minimum tillage... [2] [10 Marks]

3 3 2 Figure 2.1 below shows the diagram of the digestive system of a non-ruminant. Fig. 2.1 (a) (i) On the diagram, name organ X. [1] (ii) State two functions of the part labelled Y [2] (b) State two reasons why colostrum is important to newly born animals [2] (c) What is meant by a balanced ration?.. [1] [Turn over

4 4 (d) Table 2.1 shows the percentage of energy and protein in different foodstuffs. Table 2.1 foodstuff energy content / % protein content / % dry grass green grass maize meal meat meal sorghum meal sunflower cake wheat bran (i) Which foodstuffs have both a higher percentage of energy and protein than green grass?... [2] (ii) Which foodstuff would you recommend feeding to non-productive ruminants? Give reasons for your answer.... [2] (e) Dry grass (hay) is fed to ruminants, together with concentrate, in zero grazing systems. Suggest why dry grass should be fed in addition to concentrates... [1] [11 Marks]

5 5 3 Figure 3.1 is a bar chart illustrating the yield of maize crop grown in four plots with different fertiliser treatment. Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Which treatment gave the highest yield amongst the four treatments?... [1] (ii) What is the yield of the cattle manure treatment?... [1] (b) State the advantages of using cattle manure rather than chemical fertilisers... [3] (c) Describe the effects on the environmental effects of using chemical fertilisers continuously in crop production... [2] [Turn over

6 6 (d) Explain how legume crops can improve soil fertility... [2] 4 (a) Define the term carrying capacity in pasture management. [9 Marks].. [2] (b) State two effects overstocking can have on a pasture [2] (c) (i) Overgrazing can be prevented by rotational grazing. Suggest another advantage that rotational grazing has for the pasture.... [1] (ii) Rotational grazing improves the level of nutrition for the grazing animals. How else do the animals benefit?... [1] (iii) Suggest ways of improving the pasture, other than by rotational grazing.... [2]

7 7 (d) Explain how invasive weeds might affect the following: 1 the plants growing in a pasture... 2 the animals grazing on a pasture..... [2] 5 Figure 5.1. is a diagram of a knapsack sprayer. [10 Marks] Fig. 5.1 (a) (i) Label the parts marked A and B on Fig [2] (ii) State the function of the part labelled A.... [1] (b) State two safety precautions that should be taken by a person when diluting farm chemicals [2] (c) Describe the dangers to the environment of using farm chemicals... [3] [Turn over

8 8 (d) Explain how systemic pesticides kill pests... [3] [11 Marks] 6 (a) State two reasons for castrating male livestock [2] (b) Define the term heterozygous as used in animal breeding... [2] (c) Complete the genetic diagram below. A pure bred purple flower (A) crossed with pure bred white (a) pea flower. parent phenotype purple pea flower X white flowered pea parent genotype AA X aa gametes F 1 genotype F 1 phenotype [3] (d) Inbreeding over many generations can cause genetic defects. However, limited in breeding can be useful. Suggest two advantages of inbreeding [2] [9 Marks]

9 SECTION B Answer any two questions from this section. 9 7 (a) Outline how water is taken into the plant from the soil. [4] (b) Describe an irrigation system which conserves water. [4] (c) Explain the disadvantages of the system described in part (b). [2] [10 Marks] 8 (a) What is the purpose of a farm budget? [2] (b) Using a diagram, explain the law of diminishing returns in the principles of economics. [5] (c) Discuss the contribution of entrepreneurs in agri-business. [3] [10 Marks] 9 (a) State any three signs of heat in a cow. [3] (b) Describe the process of mating and fertilization in cattle. [4] (c) Suggest reasons to a farmer for using artificial insemination instead of natural method. [3] [10 Marks]

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