Professorr & Air Quality Specialist Department of Animal Science

Transcription

1 Trade-Offs between Human- and Environmental Health: Meat Frank Mitloehner, PhD Professorr & Air Quality Specialist Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis

2 The UN FAO Partnership on Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP) Frank Mitloehner Chairman

3 Harmonization: a success factor for environmental footprinting Globally harmonized methodological framework is necessary to ensure credibility and consistency. Internationally agreed and scientifically sound methodology is the first step to initiate mitigation options.

4 A multi-stakeholder approach is essential LEAP brings together governments, the livestock industry, non-governmental and civil society organizations, leading researchers and intergovernmental organizations The FAO, as secretariat and host, will ensure that the project follows science-based and internationally recognized approaches

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6 Global livestock distribution FAO (2006)

7 Distribution of cropland FAO (2006)

8 Consumption is growing rapidly in developing countries... Index number:1961= Eggs Meat Milk Roots and tubers Meat Eggs Cereals Milk 8

9 ... driven by incomes... Per capita meat consumpion (kg/year) USA Germany Brazil China Lithuania Norway Japan Malaysia Ghana Per capita GDP (US$ PPP) Per capita GDP and meat consumption by country,

10 Meat production is growing Million tonnes East and Southeast Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Near East and North Africa South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa 10 Source: The State of Food and Agriculture 2009.

11 ... as is milk production Million tonnes South Asia East and Southeast Asia Near East and North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and Caribbean South Asia 11 Source: The State of Food and Agriculture 2009.

12 The pressure is growing

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15 Emissions from dairy and beef herds in selected countries Country The Netherlands Emissions to proteins (kg CO2eq. /kg protein) Dairy herd Beef herd India Brazil

16 More Milk Produced per Cow Less Methane & Waste 500 g Methane Production 2000 g California Cow Mexican Cow 4,000 lbs/yr/cow 20,000 lbs/yr/cow

17 Relationship between total greenhouse gas emissions and milk output per cow kg CO2-eq. per kg FPCM ,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 Output per cow, kg FPCM per year

18 Discussion Livestock in developed countries has relatively small GHG contribution dwarfed by large transportation, energy, and industry In developing countries livestock can be a dominant contributor to the GHG portfolio due to deforestation and to their relatively smaller transportation and energy sectors

19 GHG by Regions Mt CO2-eq Time (years)

20 FAO (2010)

21 Production Efficiency and Methane Emissions CH 4 mitigation from livestock -improvement of production and reproduction efficiencies. When comparing 1944 with 2007 dairies in the US, Capper et al. (2009) found that modern dairies require 21% less animals, 23% less feedstuffs, 35% less water, and 10% less land to produce the same one billion kg of milk. Emissions have also been reduced since 1944, dairies today produce 43% less CH 4 and 56% less N 2 O per billion kg of milk (Capper et al., 2009). Management with particular emphasis on improvements of production and reproduction efficiency will likely be among the most viable tools to most significantly reduce environmental impact of livestock systems.

22 Organic vs conventional beef CF

23 Direct emissions from livestock GTAP 2001 data base

24 Emission Intensities (direct emissions from livestock) GTAP 2001 data base

25 Sustainable Intensification is key Production intensity and emission intensity are inversely related High production intensities are controversial

26 Mitigation: interventions to improve productivity Gill et al. (2010)

27 Frank Mitloehner, PhD ASSoc Prof & CE Specialist Animal Science Department University of California, Davis (530)

28 UC Davis Biogas Energy Plant

29 Green Waste Food Leftovers Animal Manure Food Processing By-Product

30 Organics Mixed Solid Waste Inorganics

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33 Frank Mitloehner, PhD Air Quality CE Specialist Animal Science Department University of California, Davis (530)