Capacity building for carbon- and biodiversity-based payments for ecosystem services in the Peruvian Amazon

Transcription

1 Capacity building for carbon- and biodiversity-based payments for ecosystem services in the Peruvian Amazon Tim Baker, Olivia Rendon University of Leeds, UK Dennis del Castillo Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Peru John Healey, Julia Jones Bangor University, UK Rosa Maria Cuesta Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Spain Aims 1. Identify the research priorities for unlocking the potential of carbon and biodiversity based payments for ecosystem services in tropical forest countries. 2.Capacity building: (a) Development of criteria and indicators for the implementation of REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) projects (b) Training in the design, implementation and analysis of carbon inventories.

2 The Peruvian Amazon provides a wide range of different scenarios for carbon based PES Baker et al. (2010)

3 Baker et al. (2010) Journal of Applied Ecology: Focuses on research needs for carbon based projects, including Importance of reducing costs of project set up and monitoring Quantifying risk that climate change poses to ecosystem carbon stocks Case study: Effects of climate change on the potential emissions reductions achieved by the Reserva Nacional Tambopata REDD+ project, southern Peru

4 Baker et al. (2010) Journal of Applied Ecology: Focuses on research needs for carbon based projects, including Importance of reducing costs of project set up and monitoring Quantifying risk that climate change poses to ecosystem carbon stocks Case study: Effects of climate change on the potential emissions reductions achieved by the Reserva Nacional Tambopata REDD+ project, southern Peru Predictions of emissions from intact forest due to drought related mortality offset 15 % of the potential emissions reductions achieved by avoided deforestation.

5 Criteria and indicators manual for REDD projects Developed in conjunction with the Loreto regional government, northern Peru Evaluated and improved at the project workshop Criteria based on the principles of ensuring these projects are Effective Efficient Equitable Reduce poverty Conserve biodiversity

6 Impact 2 training workshops : WWF Peru participants have since taken on roles in largescale carbon inventory work. Prior to COP15: Policymakers brief distributed to national government in Peru 4 newspaper articles, 3 television interviews Widely distributed including at COP15; used as a source for Princípios y critérios socioambentais in Brazil.

7 Lessons learned for ESPA community and future capacity building needs Achieving impact takes time, especially when working with indigenous communities Involvement of users is important from the start Capacity building should be focussed on research institutions and universities working in the local area Training students to have a strong knowledge of the local society and biodiversity is important

8 Project title: Building Capacity for Sustainable Governance in South Asian Fisheries: Poverty, Wellbeing and Deliberative Policy networks [IDS, Brighton, Ulster University, Anna University and Madras Institute for Development Studies, India, Ruhuna University, Sri Lanka, MARE, Amsterdam, Envision UK] Project aim: To advance and strengthen deliberative policy networks in which key stakeholders in fisheries are able to bring together their expertise and knowledge to build new approaches to governance that directly address policy conflict in fisheries. Approach: Build capacity to use a wellbeing and interactive governance framing of policy conflict Process: 3 workshops; 2 policy days, trialling of field methods.

9 Outputs: 12 co-authored working papers; 2 national policy briefs (Sri Lanka and India); the Human Wellbeing and Coastal Resilience network supported by an agreed research agenda; subsequent research funding. [ Examples of [wellbeing] conflicts between environmental sustainability and poverty alleviation in South Asia: India: Turtle conservation and a fishing ban in Orissa [Conflict between national/ and global values of the turtle, and local livelihood needs]. Sri Lanka: Dynamite fishing amongst youth and migrant fishers - Short term- wellbeing for some; long term costs for others

10 Creating impact attention to four areas: 1. Identification of knowledge gaps - a lot of data already exists, but is fragmented and poorly utilized (Brown et al 2008 synthesis report); people with different types of knowledge often don t talk to each other. 2. Identification of the need for new methods to conceptualize impacts of ecosystem service decline, change in access to services (e.g. fishing bans), and broader coastal development on human wellbeing (science input). 3. Affirmation that a wellbeing framing of policy conflicts can enable platforms for deliberation and a reconciling of knowledge and values through interactive forms of Governance (science input). Common goal: to improve the wellbeing of poor people in fisheries in South Asia in a way that is positive for ecosystem conservation, through the improvement of systems of governance.

11 Creating impact attention to four areas: 4. Establish/ strengthen processes of interactive governance through deliberation between different actors (political/ governance inputs) This requires: Recognition of, and engagement with, existing active networks, rather than rebuilding institutions that already function well, Facilitation of common platforms for deliberation on the nature of the problem and subsequent solutions bridging existing networks and people, and introducing new players where necessary, Building trust between actors, Development of an agreed agenda and mode for proceeding, Networks which bring the right people onboard (with knowledge, influence, and will to deliberate with an open mind (these attributes often don t come together).

12 Example of creating policy impact: Context: Development of new Coastal Regulation (CRZ) Act in India (post tsunami) Government/ scientists establishing (with GIS) hazard line within which coastal development will be restricted Aim of coastal sustainability, to protect fishing communities, but unable to tackle violations of law by coastal developers. Conflict - Fishers and Civil society rejected the notification, as it neglected to account for the use of coastal space by fishing communities Workshop brought together different actors (providing the platform) Ongoing debate, but mapping of fisher s use of space is now included in the new CRZ notification, along with broader consultation processes instead of protesting at the gates of the university, the fishermen can now come inside and assist in drawing the maps

13 Strengthening Capacity to Alleviate Poverty through Ecosystem Services (SCAPES) in South Asia, Pushpam Kumar, Principal Investigator University of Liverpool

14 Overarching Objectives of SCAPES Methodological development to support policy design Synthesis of evidence, methodology, toolkit and application (evidence) Building capacity and demand cater to demand, creation of demand, outreach and disseminations

15 Consortium Partners UK Partners Regional Partners SCAPES (UoL) Regional Partners International Partners

16 Network of Partners

17 Valuation of res: Policy Context SCAPES

18 Project Outputs of SCAPES 1. One Book-Valuation of Regulating Services, Rutledge, London 2. One Services, Paper Rutledge, in High Impact LondonJournal (under communication) One Toolkit Paper in Manual High Impact for Practitioners Journal in collaboration with the UNEP 4. (under Three synthesis communication) papers (PES, Valuation and Trade Offs)

19 Outputs contd.. 1. One Toolkit Manual for Practitioners in collaboration with the UNEP 2. Three synthesis papers (PES, Valuation and Trade Offs)

20 Relevance to ESPA Call 1. Ways to do credible but full valuation 2. Highlight nuggets on the role institutions 3. How to organise complexities on what works where 4. Suggest potential target group for capacity building

21 Key Lessons Learned: Limitation of conventional outlook Valuation- financial sacrifices people would make for it, or economic/physical trade-offs. E.g. CVM studies- while valuing for large or small landscape, value remains the same, implying people are valuing the idea of conservation & not the object in question People do not express utility or even think in economically logical way. People make statements about their personal & collective values- to define who they are through the causes they support (Ritov & Kahneman, 1997) There remains an ethical and political Q. of hegemonization of relational and reciprocal outlook and need for discursive methodologies.

22 Key Messages contd. Joint appraisal of positional and relational goods would an ideal beginning. Positional goods or values --marked by equivalent-exchange principle- one of quid-pro-quo transactions Reciprocal goods and values are relational conception of human transactions driven not only by definitive exchange relationships; also contingent upon social relations, moral dispositions and individual idiosyncrasies.

23 Key Messages contd. Discourse based valuation come up with a consensual societal value of scarcity indicators, derived through participatory process Methodological pluralism (behavioural science, social anthropology) Interdisciplinary collaboration. Individual s identification with nature, capriciously changing preferences and dynamic learning, ecological identity are important concepts in valuation EI= identification with nature (Amalgamation of multiple identity associated with culture, memory and language acquisition)