Shrimp farming as adaptation to salt intrusion in coastal Bangladesh

Transcription

1 Shrimp farming as adaptation to salt intrusion in coastal Bangladesh Saskia Werners, assistant professor adaptive water management Session: SC 2.3 Food production systems, 12 May , New York Room Main lesson: Explore with people whether adaptation to an alternative livelihood is equitable and sustainable under climate change. 1

2 Today Introduce myself & case study Research questions: adaptation of agricultural system under salt intrusion Main concept: adaptation pathways Results & Conclusions for adaptation Making Acquaintance: Wageningen University and Research Centre Teaching, research + consulting for governments Interest: how to adapt to climate change in water management 2

3 Experiment 3

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5 12/05/2016 Bangladesh coastal area 5

6 Coastal Bangladesh Satkhira district Drinking water Traditional rice Salt tolerant rice Shrimp farming (crab farming) Rice Autonomous / unplanned development of land use under salinisation Salt tolerant rice Shrimp + (seasonal)migration Crab, other aquaculture + migration ppt salinity 6

7 Coastal Bangladesh / South West 2030: Sea level rise 22cm 2012 Tipping point rice production Beyond tipping point rice and sundarban biodiversity Tipping point shrimp Tipping point freshwater Rice Salt tolerant rice Shrimp + (seasonal)migration Crab, other aquaculture + migration ppt salinity 7

8 Research Question What are the main challenges for the (future of) coast How do actor propose to overcome these challenges? (with a focus on livelihoods. For the case study area: how do actors propose to adapt to increasing salinity? 8

9 Research Concept: Adaptation Pathways Different approaches for adaptation Options What to do now? A OR B OR C now Classical decision making A What to do when? B If Scen 1 C If Scen 2 Adaptive Planning / Adaptation Pathways 9

10 Research Method: Survey, interview, focus group 10

11 Rice Salt tolerant rice Shrimp + seasonal migration Crab, other aquaculture + migration ppt salinity Concern: Reduced income from shrimp farming Pathway: Continue salt water agriculture Pathway of larger farmers & land owners Rice Salt tolerant rice Aquaculture (shrimp based. Improve fry and disease controle) Crab, other aquaculture (currently limited by availability of crab fry & no hatcheries) Water Harvest. Seasonal storage Desalinisation (drinking) Piped water (drinking + bathing) Desalinisation (other uses) Legend Fresh water Land use 11

12 Pathway Small (lease) farmer Concern: Food security & drinking water Pathway: Combat salt intrusion strategy Rice Salt tolerant rice (Seasonal) rice farming Shrimp farming Collect fry from sundarban Switch strategy Water Harvest. Seasonal storage Enabling: water infrastructure & water management (other actors) Piped water (NGOs) small scale water manag, incl sluice gates Dredging (Barrage for freshwater flow / water transfer) drinking water Freshwater Legend Land use Sealevel rise/ salinity 12

13 Pathway landless Concern: Food security & drinking water Pathway: Migration Rice / fish Collect fry and food from sundarban Seasonal work Migration Water Harvest. Enabling: water infrastructure & water management (other actors) Seasonal storage Piped water (NGOs) drinking water Freshwater Legend Land use Sealevel rise/ salinity 13

14 Water Harvest. Seasonal storage Expert pathways Desalinisation (drinking) Piped water (drinking + bathing) Desalinisation (other uses) Allow salt intrusion Submersible, overtopping resistant dike / sediment management controled aquaculture (shrimp based) Salt tolerant Rice rice small scale water manag, incl sluice gates. land use zoning / diverser cropping systems (veg, rice, aquacult) /cultivate crops on embankments (esp agroforestry, mangrove fuelwood) Combat salt intrusion Crab, other aquaculture (currently limited by availability of crab fry. No hatcheries) Dredging Barrage for freshwater flow / water transfer Storm surge barrier Increase hight embankments, combat erosion smart polders to capture / manage sediment Cyclone shelters and early warning ppt salinity Legend drinking water Freshwater agric Flood safety Land use 14

15 Water Harvest. Seasonal storage Desalinisation (drinking) Piped water (drinking + bathing) Desalinisation (other uses) Submersible, overtopping resistant dike / sediment management Allow salt intrusion controled aquaculture (shrimp based) Rice Combat salt intrusion Salt tolerant rice small scale water manag, incl sluice gates. land use zoning / diverser cropping systems (veg, rice, aquacult) /cultivate crops on embankments (esp agroforestry, mangrove fuelwood) Dredging Barrage for freshwater flow / water transfer Increase hight embankments, combat erosion Cyclone shelters and early warning smart polders to capture / manage sediment Crab, other aquaculture (currently limited by availability of crab fry. No hatcheries) Storm surge barrier ppt salinity Legend drinking water Freshwater agric Flood safety Land use 15

16 Conclusion / Experience Methodological Adaptation pathways as a concept for mapping the perspective of different actors (communities) Time aspect is needed in adaptation. Pathways help to discuss short, medium, long term adaptation Adaptation in food systems: Be aware of lock-in when planning adaptation to alternative food systems ( social tipping point ) Consider who are beneficiaries of adaptation (both autonomous and planned) 16

17 Thank you! Contact: Discussion / questions / feed-back? 17