Roy P. E. Yanong, VMD Professor and Extension Veterinarian Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory IFAS/University of Florida

Transcription

1 Roy P. E. Yanong, VMD Professor and Extension Veterinarian Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory IFAS/University of Florida U.S. aquaculture is very diverse in species and systems This webinar provides a general framework for a health/biosecurity plan, and will provide a template for a written health/biosecurity plan Again.... Something is better than nothing! (KHH) If you have questions or concerns not covered during the webinar, please contact me (rpy@ufl.edu) 1

2 Practices that minimize the risk of introducing and spreading an infectious disease or disease-causing agents (pathogens): INTO WITHIN FROM Good biosecurity is added INSURANCE against catastrophic disease events but, more commonly, also against moderate to low level, chronic losses 2

3 Good basic husbandry: animal focus.. but it s not enough GOOD HUSBANDRY Good husbandry and biosecurity: animal and pathogen focus GOOD BIOSECURITY GOOD BASIC HUSBANDRY 3

4 TILAPIA FARM A good biosecurity program does not guarantee your farm is free of specific pathogens (e.g., purple monster) You would have to sample enough of your own fish to determine that The lower the number of infected fish, the more fish will need to be tested Animal Genetics Age Immune Status Condition Sex Aggression Disease Reproductive Status Potential Pathogens Environment (including Husbandry) System Handling Other animals Treatments Plants Water Quality Water Chemistry Nutrition Potential Pathogens 4

5 Animal Management Pathogen Management (These are all interrelated) People Management Management practices that include: Incoming healthy eggs, fry, juveniles, broodstock Know your source Specific pathogen testing Health evaluations (pre-, post-) Good husbandry Reduce stressors Enhance immunity Quarantine (new), all-in-all-out, observation, isolation of diseased animals, and testing 5

6 Management practices that: Prevent the introduction of specific disease-causing agents ( pathogens ) to a facility/unit Pathogen exclusion (Not all potential disease agents can be excluded) Prevent the spread & proliferation of specific pathogens in the facility/unit or from leaving the facility/unit Biocontainment (Not all potential disease agents can be biocontained) Know your pathogens! Management practices to educate and manage staff and visitors Written protocols and buy-in Accountability Signage Visitor logs Disinfection stations for people and equipment Footbaths, handwashing, net /equipment disinfection Vehicle and boat disinfection 6

7 Outdoor Ponds L Sturmer Coastal/Benthic Culture Open Ocean/Net Pen Culture Animal control Water source Disinfection Other limitations Site placement/endemic disease Do what you can!!! 7

8 7/27/2016 Develop health team and facility goals Farm managers, other staff, extension agents, consultants, veterinarian, health specialists, diagnostic lab, state and federal contacts Perform risk characterization & management Relevant records needed Your health/biosecurity plan solidifies and clarifies: Critical control points SOPs to address these CCPs Personnel education, oversight, and accountability Write it down Keep current Plan is a living document Ongoing education of farm personnel (owner, managers, other employees) Communication with collaborators, especially aquatic animal health team TEAM, GOALS Develop health team and facility goals Farm managers, other staff, extension agents, consultants, veterinarian, health specialists, diagnostic lab, state and federal contacts Perform risk characterization & management Your health/biosecurity plan solidifies and clarifies: Relevant records needed Critical control points (CCPs) SOPs to address these CCPs Personnel education, oversight, and accountability Write it down Keep current Plan is a living document Ongoing education of farm personnel (owner, managers, other employees) Communication with collaborators, especially aquatic animal health team RISK Analysis TEAM, GOALS 8

9 7/27/2016 Develop health team and facility goals Farm managers, other staff, extension agents, consultants, veterinarian, health specialists, diagnostic lab, state and federal contacts Perform risk characterization & management Your health/biosecurity plan solidifies and clarifies: Relevant records needed Critical control points SOPs to address these CCPs Personnel education, oversight, and accountability Write it down Keep current Plan is a living document Ongoing education of farm personnel (owner, managers, other employees) Communication with collaborators, especially aquatic animal health team RISK Analysis WRITTEN Plan/SOPs TEAM, GOALS Develop health team and facility goals Farm managers, other staff, extension agents, consultants, veterinarian, health specialists, diagnostic lab, state and federal contacts Perform risk characterization & management Your health/biosecurity plan solidifies and clarifies: Relevant records needed Critical control points SOPs to address these CCPs Personnel education, oversight, and accountability Write it down Keep current Plan is a living document Ongoing education of farm personnel (owner, managers, other employees) Communication with collaborators, especially aquatic animal health team RISK Analysis WRITTEN Plan/SOPs TEAM, GOALS 9

10 Critical control points to reduce risk of entry and spread Animals Water Feed Vectors (animals, people) Fomites (environment, equipment, vehicles, boats) General farm information Animal information Facility map, flow, and perimeter control Aquatic health team Facility health goals Water System/environment Other organisms Food/feed People/vehicles/boats Animal health Pathogen (vs. disease) 10

11 Farm name Address GPS Farm owner Phone State registration Species raised Purpose Food, bait, ornamental, stock enhancement/natural resource, laboratory/research Life stage information Breeding, hatchery, fry/fingerling, growout Source by life stage In house/resident/produced on farm Off-farm facility 11

12 Map Blueprint, Google Earth, drone aerial Photographs Animal life stages location General traffic flow on map Is it logical, biosecurity-wise? Personnel: most biosecure areas least biosecure areas Separation by life stage Separation by disease status Quarantine Isolation Visitor pathway Staff pathway Google Earth (accessed 7/24/16) Unmanned aircraft (aka drone ) Steve Conley 12

13 Parking Well 2 Well 1 EMPLOYEE PATHWAYS Parking Well 2 Well 1 13

14 Perimeter type Fence or open Complete, partial Security Gate, personnel Entry/exit control Vehicles Personnel Pests Predators Production animals On-site, farm health manager Contact info Accredited veterinarian Contact info Diagnostic lab that works with aquatic animals Personnel Contact info Extension agents/consultants State or federal contacts 14

15 Determined by owner and health team Useful to establish measurable goals Reduce (weekly, monthly) losses by X% Reduce use of drugs by Y dollars Increase harvest by Z% Decrease growout time by W days (or weeks) Informs records required What is source Protected Well (depth?) Municipal Disinfected Unprotected (no disinfection) Ground Lake or river Ocean Treatment (filtration, UV, bleach, ozone) Water quality/chemistry testing? City Water Denise Petty 15

16 Type and management Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) Flow through Earthen pond Net pen Benthic Indoors vs. outdoors Holding unit type Farm map location Wastewater disposition Mote Aquaculture Park Leslie Sturmer Parking RAS RAS RAS RAS PONDS Well 2 FLOW THRU RAS Well 1 RAS 16

17 Pests Predators Domestic animals Control methods Pesticides Netting Fencing Noise-makers Types Commercial pellet/crumble/flake Frozen (invertebrate, fish) Live (algae, zooplankton, macroinvertebrate, fish) Storage QA/QC Pathogen/specific pathogen testing? Hans Hillewaert 17

18 Training Husbandry Biosecurity On-farm diagnostics Plan/SOPs Written farm health Written farm biosecurity Cleaning and disinfection Compounds used (concentrations) Handwashing stations, net dips, foot baths, wetsuit disinfection Shower-in/out Vehicle and boat disinfection Holding unit disinfection QA/QC Records Husbandry, SOPs/management verification (systems, C&D, feeding, observations, WQ, above) 18

19 Quarantine/biocontainment Does the facility use: Dedicated tanks/ponds/holding Signs and restricted access if possible All-in, all-out stocking (holding unit or system) Isolation/separation Separation by source, species Sick animals Are the following in written SOPs and recorded? Observations Feeding, behavior, external appearance, mortality (rate) Surveillance Targeted routine sampling? Type of diagnostic tests Response Diagnostics 19

20 Are the following in written SOPs and recorded? Reporting Chain of reporting Agencies/authorities Disease management Cleaning and disinfection DOA disposal Wchemical.com Which pathogens can your animals get? Are any regulated by region, state, or feds? How easily & quickly can they cause disease? Where can they hide (reservoirs)? How do you test for them? How do you control a disease outbreak? How do you clean & disinfect against them? Not all pathogens are created equal! bacteria parasites viruses fungi 20

21 List of names of facility-specific pathogens (your diseases of concern ) Reportable Actionable: state or feds require specific action Non-actionable: at vet/your/team s discretion Non-reportable but significant for facility Moderate to high mortalities Not treatable Zoonotic (can cause disease in people) Ben bacteria Pat parasite Vicky virus Fred fungus 21

22 * *Note: some of these are reportable but not actionable; others are reportable and actionable Hard clams QPX Oysters MSX, Perkinsus marinus, Bonamia exitiosa Shrimp OIE and USDA-APHIS-VS listed diseases Fish Spring viremia of carp (susceptible species) (Allowances for additional pathogens/diseases as per USDA-APHIS- VS/OIE)

23 Pathogen-specific management plans Team agrees and accredited vet sign off? Diagnostics Biocontainment Disease treatment/management C&D (pathogen specific) Prevention plan Some quarantine overlap Vaccination options? Communication (reporting/infarm/staff/visitor) Ben bacteria Pat parasite Vicky virus Fred fungus NAA/USDA-APHIS Commercial Aquaculture Health Program Standards (CAHPS) Five Principles (Components) 1. Aquatic Animal Health Team (looking out for disease and managing health) 2. Risk Characterization and Management (site-specific risk assessment and evaluation, then written plan for farm-specific diseases = biosecurity plan) 3. Surveillance (strategy and plan for specific pathogen testing) 4. Investigation and Reporting (when to investigate a health issue and report, if necessary, and to whom) 5. Response (how to address health issue, recover and return to business as usual) Site-Specific Health Plan The SSHP has numerous components, but includes a biosecurity plan and surveillance plan

24 Biosecurity is an important component of good farm management Start with a protected water source and healthy stocks Developing: 1) a health team, 2) risk analysis (CCPs), 3) a written health, surveillance, and biosecurity plan, and 4) employee buy-in are critical to success Know your pathogens and how to manage them; they vary in badness Many pathogens are ubiquitous, so control of numbers and husbandry are critical Some are of special concern, can be devastating, non-treatable and/or are reportable Quarantine (and isolation of sick animals) save lives (!) New animals can give resident animals new diseases, but residents can also give resident diseases to the newbies Stay current and ensure good communication at all levels General farm information Contacts and health roles Animal information Species, origin, age class, separation Facility map, flow, and perimeter control Aquatic health team Names and contact info Facility health goals Measurable and attainable Water Protected vs. unprotected Treatments used System/environment and management Other organisms Pests, predators, domestic animals Control Food/feed Live vs. commercial Nutritional management Testing People/vehicles/boats SOPs, records, accountability (initials) Animal health Quarantine and isolation protocols Surveillance, disease diagnostics, management Pathogen (vs. disease) Know diseases of concern DIagnostics Reporting Management Remember-the plan is a living document 24

25 Special thanks to the following colleagues for their insights and suggestions: Kathleen H. Hartman, MS, DVM, PhD (USDA-APHIS-Veterinary Services) Katharine Starzel, DVM (USDA-APHIS-Veterinary Services) Marion Hauville, PhD (University of Florida-Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory) Yanong, R.P.E Biosecurity in Aquaculture, Part 3: Ponds. USDA-Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. SRAC publication Yanong, R.P.E. and C. Erlacher-Reid Biosecurity in Aquaculture, Part 1: An Overview. USDA- Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. SRAC publication Yanong, R.P.E Biosecurity in Aquaculture, Part 2: Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. USDA- Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. SRAC Publication (= for the three pubs above, search by number) Yanong, R.P.E Fish Health Management Considerations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Part 1: Introduction and General Principles. Circular FA-120. UF IFAS Cooperative Extension Service. Yanong, R.P.E Fish Health Management Considerations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Part 2: Pathogens. Circular FA-121. UF IFAS Cooperative Extension Service. Yanong, R.P.E Fish Health Management Considerations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Part 3: General Recommendations and Problem-Solving Approaches. Circular FA-122. UF IFAS Cooperative Extension Service. 25

26 This webinar series is presented by the USAS, NCRAC, NAA and USDA grant # Questions about this webinar series should be directed to 26