Trichoderma harzianum - vegetables plant symbiont Adam Majewski Koppert Poland

Transcription

1 Trichoderma harzianum - vegetables plant symbiont Adam Majewski Koppert Poland amajewski@koppert.pl

2 Biocontrol/IPM Resistance of pathogens End of registration many pesticides Limited range of new substances Direction for more health food, less residues.. Bio-preparation must be adapted to existing systems of plant protection (IPM)

3 Resistance/tolerance Trichoderma harzianum T-22 for pesticides NOT HARMFUL: Abamektyna, acefat, azoksystrobina, chloroneb, chloropiryfos, Chlorotalonil, Diazinon, dikloran, dikofol, dimetomorf, etridiazol, Fenarymol, Fludoksonil, flutolonil, fosetyl aluminiowy, glifosat, Imidakloprid, Iprodion, kaptan, karbaryl, karbendazym, karboksyna krezoksym metylu, lidan, malation, maneb, mankozeb Metalaksyl, metoksychlor, myklobutanil, pendymetanil Propamokarb, propanil, pyrimetanil, copper sulfat, tiadimefon Tiadimenol, tiofanat metylu, thiram, winklozonil VERY HARMFUL: Benomyl, imazalil, propikonazol, tebukonazol THIS LIST IS UPDATED ALL THE TIME. (source:

4 Trichoderma harzianum T-22 Bio-preparation contains spores of Trichoderma harzianum T-22 registered as a preventative, biological fungicide or plant strengthener in EU Used for: - control of soil-borne diseases (e.g. Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium and Sclerotinia) - increasing plant growth and yield

5 Actions against pathogens 1. Competition for space and nutrients 2. Production of enzymes 3. Production of antibiotics 4. Mycoparasitism

6 Competition for space and nutrients After 48 hours After 96 hours F = Fusarium T = Trichoderma harzianum T-22

7 Antibiotics production Several strains of Trichoderma spp. produce antibiotics: - peptaibols, - sesquiterpenes, - isonitriles, - polikektyde and alkyl pyrones

8 Production of enzymes Main role in the mycoparasitic process play cell wall-degrading enzymes: - chitinases, - glucanases, - celulases - proteinases

9 Mycoparasitism T T T R A R R R R Rhizoctonia T Trichoderma A appressoria of Trichoderma Photos:TRICHODERMA SPECIES OPPORTUNISTIC,AVIRULENT PLANT SYMBIONTS (G. Harman)

10 Improved root and plant growth Presence of Trichoderma spp. on the roots: 1. solibulize 2. increase: - uptake of mineral nutrients and efficiency of N use - production of plant hormones and vitamins 3. inactivated toxic compounds in the root zone, 4. differences in responses among plant cultivars

11 Induced resistance of plants Trichoderma spp. can enhancing resistance of plants trough stimulation of the production of: - salicilic and jasmonic acids - phytoalexins - chitynases and p-1,3-glucanases with antimicrobial potential

12 Trials -Trichoderma harzianum T-22 biopreparation: TRIANUM in water melon production Sicily, 2006

13 Introduction trials in traditional plastic greenhouse Hybrid Electra (Asgrow), in soil, no heating, 4 plastic tunel Treatments: 1. Control chemical treatment 2. T. harzianum T-22 + seeds chemicals treatment a.trianum-g 1,5 g/plant during transplanting b.trianum-p 30 g/100 liter of water/110 plant repetitions Effect of TRIANUM on water melon

14 Effect of TRIANUM on water melon Evaluating presence of T. harzianum T-22 on roots (CFU/g dry weight) Control T. harzianum T-22

15 Effect of TRIANUM on water melon Evaluating presence of T. harzianum T-22 on roots (CFU/g dry weight) CFU / gr dry weightt CFU/g DM of roots 2,00E+07 1,50E+07 1,00E+07 5,00E+06 0,00E+00 T-22 T-22 (2) Control Serie1 1,90E+07 1,20E+07 0,00E+00 Presence of T. harzianum T-22 on roots 40 days after transplanting treatment only with Trianum-G during transplanting (M. Dissevelt, Microbiology R&D Holland)

16 Conclusions: 1. Treatment T. harzanium T-22 increase 12,9% total yield of melon 2. Treatment T. harzanium T-22 increase + 15% average weight of fruits. (1 kg per fruit) ,6 7,4 7,2 7 6,8 6,6 6,4 6,2 6 Total number of fruits/plot 106 T.harzianum 7,34 T.harzianum Average weight of fruit [kg] Total yield/plot [kg] 108 Control 6,5 Control 778,5 689,5 T.harzianum Control

17 Pictures

18 T. harzianum T-22

19 Poland, SGGW 2009 T. harzianum T-22 Without T. harzianum T-22

20 Poland, SGGW 2009 T. harzianum T-22 Without T. harzianum T-22

21 Spain, Almeria 2008 T. harzianum T-22 Too high concentraion of fertilaizers without Trichoderma

22 Poland, SGGW 2009 T. harzianum T-22 Without T. harzianum T-22

23 Poland, SGGW 2009 Without T. harzianum T-22 T. harzianum T-22

24 Poland, SGGW 2009 T. harzianum T-22 Without T. harzianum T-22

25 Thank you for attention