Global Food Security Index

Transcription

1 Global Food Security Index Project overview for the IFAMA workshop Sponsored by 18 June 2014

2 Overview Project goal: To establish an evaluative framework for national food systems to understand the drivers of food security Based on a central definition: Food security exists when people at all times have physical, social and economic access to sufficient and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for a healthy and active life. The Global Food Security Index: ranks and scores 109 countries according to their relative levels of food security using 28 indicators from three categories: Affordability; Availability; Quality and Safety. The index examines the effectiveness of food systems across the internationally established dimensions of food security The index looks beyond hunger to the underlying factors that influence the ability of consumers to access sufficient amounts of safe, high-quality and affordable food.

3 Why an index? The definition of a benchmarking index: A benchmarking index is formed when individual indicators and composite indicators are compiled into a single index on the basis of an underlying model. This index reduces complex theory into a single score and measures multi-dimensional concepts that cannot be captured by a single indicator. A benchmarking index offer a number of benefits: Summarises complex, multidimensional realities with a view to supporting decision makers Is easier to interpret than a combination of indicators Can assess progress over time Facilitates the task of ranking countries on a complex topic Is an effective tool to communicate with policymakers and the general public An index and food security: Food security is a highly complex concept, encompassing multiple dimensions An index can provide a framework to prioritise areas for intervention, monitor performance, and make the associated problems more accessible to the general public

4 Geographic coverage: 109 countries in 2014 Canada, Mexico, United States of America Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Vietnam Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Cote d Ivoire, Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, Yemen

5 Index framework Food consumption as a share of household expenditure Proportion of population under global poverty line GDP per capita, $US, PPP Agricultural import tariffs Presence of food safety nets Access to finance for farmers Affordability Index Sufficiency of supply Public expenditure on agricultural R&D Agricultural infrastructure Availability Volatility of agricultural production Political stability risk Corruption Urban absorption capacity Food loss Food Price Adjustment Factor Diet diversification Nutritional standards Micronutrient availability Protein quality Food safety Quality & Safety External Adjustment FAO global food price index adjusted for income growth, exchange rates and a passthrough coefficient of global to national food prices on a quarterly basis Applied to Affordability score Latest release: 22 April 2014 * Composite indicators are bolded.

6 Index framework: Affordability The food affordability category measures the ability of consumers to purchase food and the relative costs they may face under both normal circumstances and food-related shocks. The GFSI looks at Affordability through two primary lenses whether an average individual has sufficient means to purchase food and the public structures that have established to respond to personal or societal shocks. Indicator Source Year Food consumption as a proportion of total household expenditure FAO; UN; EIU Latest available year in Proportion of population living under or close to the global poverty line World Bank, World Development Indicators; UN Development Programme (UNDP) GDP per capita (at PPP, exchange rates) EIU 2013 Latest available year in Agricultural import tariffs WTO Latest available year in Presence of food safety net programmes Access to financing for farmers Qualitative scoring by EIU Qualitative scoring by EIU

7 Index framework: Availability The availability category assesses factors that influence the supply of food and the ease of access within a country. Availability examines how structural elements determine a country s capacity to produce and distribute food and explores aspects that might create bottlenecks or risks to sufficient availability. Indicator Source Year Sufficiency of supply* FAO; WFP; OECD Public expenditure on agricultural R&D EIU based on OECD, WB, ASTI Latest available year in Agricultural infrastructure** EIU; WB; qualitative scoring by EIU Volatility of agricultural production FAO; EIU calculations Political stability risk EIU 2014 Corruption EIU 2014 Urban absorption capacity EIU; World Bank, World Development Indicators Food loss EIU: FAO 2009 *Composite indicator of average food supply and dependency on chronic food aid. ** Composite indicator of existence of adequate crop storage facilities, road infrastructure and port infrastructure.

8 Index framework: Quality & Safety The Quality & Safety category assesses the variety and nutritional quality of average diets, as well as the safety of food. This category moves beyond the focus of traditional welfare metrics, which are normally related to accessibility, to explore the overall quality of food supplies based on the understanding that food security requires access to nutritious food to meet dietary needs. Indicator Source Year Diet diversification FAO Nutritional standards* Qualitative scoring by EIU Latest available year in Micronutrient availability** FAO Protein quality FAO; WHO; USDA Nutrient database; EIU calculation Food safety*** WHO; qualitative scoring by EIU Latest available in *Composite indicator of existence of national dietary guidelines, existence of national nutrition plan or strategy, and existence of regular nutrition monitoring and surveillance. ** Composite indicator of dietary availability of vitamin A, animal iron and vegetal iron. ***Composite indicator of existence of an agency to ensure health/safety of food, access to potable water and presence of a formal grocery sector.

9 Using the Index: Overview GFSI is an evaluative tool for a range of stakeholders who seek to develop an evidencebased approach: To determining a country s and region s strengths and weaknesses within the relevant context To understand indicators that drive high and low scores in each categories with empirical backup To identify policy steps that need to be undertaken Specifically, the GFSI seeks to establish: The factors affecting food security and the relationship between them A common data set for a set of countries that represent over 90% of global population How countries can improve food systems to reduce food insecurity Priority areas for each country (eg. trade policy, infrastructure, agricultural R&D)

10 Using the Index: Identifying trends Year-on-year trend analysis can be used to identify and understand dynamic factors of food security. Overall Score The GFSI provides year-on-year trends that show how countries have improved or declined overall and across each category and indicator. GDP per Capita (PPP) Trends analysis highlights: Areas of improvement Policy successes and failures Best practices for improving food security

11 Workshop agenda

12 Workshop goals This workshop is designed to: Explore the functionalities provided in the Excel model Provide examples that will teach how to use the GFSI on a global, regional, country and indicator basis Teach the user how to identify results and key findings of the 2014 GFSI

13 Workshop materials Each table has copies of the following materials: The 2014 Excel model workbook, which is uploaded on the laptops Table questions, which provide all of the questions that will guide you through the workshop exercise Workbook model instructions, which provide a visual explanation of the functionality of the Excel model A user guide that lays out the variety of ways the Excel model workbook can be utilised

14 Model overview: Functionality The GFSI Excel model has four modules and two additional sections for data analysis: Overview: displays the overall results from the index through a Map, Category Rankings and a Scatterplot Series Explorer: provides the most in-depth view of the individual indicators in the index and their definitions with Summary, Series Rankings, Y-O-Y Changes and Regional Scores sub-tabs Country Explorer: explore data on a countryspecific basis through Country Profile, Indicator Scores, Y-O-Y Changes, Score Table and Data Table sub-tabs Country Comparison: allows the results of two countries to be compared and contains Summary, Indicator Scores and Food Price Inflation sub-tabs Data: presents all raw data, normalised scores and data years in a tabular form for all countries, regions and income levels Weights: shows the weights assigned to each indicator and category that are used to calculate scores and ranks in the GFSI

15 Contact information Pat Thaker Regional Director, Middle East & North Africa Economist Intelligence Unit Joshua Grundleger Analyst, Custom Research, Americas Economist Intelligence Unit The 2014 GFSI can be found at:

16 Further information The Economist Intelligence Unit will be available later today to answer any additional questions and provide access to the 2014 GFSI model and interactive tool Time: Today, June 18th between 1:00pm and 3:15pm Location: This room Additional materials, including the interactive tool, reports and presentation materials, are available online to be downloaded for free