Knowledge for Sustainable Development in Ethiopia

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2 Haramaya University Ethiopia Special Lecture on 11 July 2008 Knowledge for Sustainable Development in Ethiopia Hans Hurni (Prof. Dr.) Director, Centre for Development and Environment University of Bern, and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research NCCR North-South

3 Martin Moll 1989

4 Eva Ludi 1994

5 Eva Ludi 1994 Local rural school in the Hans Simen Hurni Mountains 1985

6 Hans Hurni 1983

7 Hans Hurni 1981

8 Monitoring soil erosion on testplots in Ethiopia Hans Hurni 1982

9 Hans Hurni 1981

10 Urs Bosshart 1997

11 Source: Hurni et al. 2005

12 Land Cover in Dembecha Area, Ethiopia, in 1957 and 1995 Gete Zeleke 2000

13 Surface Runoff in Ethiopia (30m 2 test plot measurements) Runoff in Percent of Rainfall on Different Land Cover and Use Types Runoff in Percent of Rainfall Median value : Forest, 2: Grassland, 3: Cultivated, 4: Degraded Andit Tid Anjeni Dizi Gununo Hunde Lafto Maybar Afdeyu Source: Hurni et al., 2005

14 Land cover type (from LUPRD) Area (%) Estimated soil loss from slopes t/ha/year t/year Cropland (cereals, pulses, tubers) ,000,000 Perennial crops (inset, coffee, etc.) ,000,000 Grazing and browsing land ,000,000 Totally degraded land (badlands) ,000,000 Currently uncultivable (steep lands) ,000,000 Forests (natural and afforested) ,000,000 Wood and bush land (mostly grazed) ,000,000 Total country ,493,000,000 Source: Hurni 1987

15 Cultivated Land Soil erosion and soil formation in Ethiopia Dependent on altitudinal belt and landuse 4.1 Grassland m WURCH m DEGA 2300 m WEYNA DEGA m KOLLA m Legend: Soil Erosion (in mm soil depth per year) Soil Formation (in mm soil depth per year) 1 mm soil depth = 10 tons per hectare Sources: Hurni 1983, 1985

16 Hans Hurni 1975

17 Georg Gerster 1974

18 Urs Schaffner 1996

19 Castle of Emperor Fasilides in Gonder Hans Helfritz (before 1966)

20 Eva Ludi 2001

21 Alamata - Korem Road with church Georg Gerster 1974

22 Hans Hurni 1983

23 Eva Ludi 2001

24 Hans Hurni 1985

25 Paul Almasy (before 1966) Monolith stele in Aksum

26 Eva Ludi, 2004

27 Hilde Graf 1975

28 Josef Werdecker, 1954

29 Gudrun Schwilch 1994

30 Hans Hurni 2004

31 Eva Ludi 1994

32 Georg Gerster 1974

33 Ursula Gaemperli 1989

34 Sabina Erny 2003

35 Changes in Cultivated Biomass and Grain Yield an Ethiopian Catchment (110 ha) Conserved in 1983 Source: Loetscher Cultivated area [ha] ) Yield of grain and total biomass [t] 0 Cultivated area Kremt Cultivated area Belg Total harvested biomass (Belg and Kremt) Total grain yield (Belg and Kremt) Trend of total grain yield Trend of biomass yield

36 René Kohler 2004

37 Population in million Population in Ethiopia from 1900 to 2006, with projections backward to 1600, and forward to 2100, respectively Evolution and projection of population of Ethiopia from 1600 to 2100 using various sources (historic, CSA, and own assessment) Year Average population growth rates in Ethiopia, 1600 to 2100, modelled with data 3.50 Rate of change of population in percent per year (estimation and projection) Average annual increase in % Year

38 Hans Hurni 2004

39 (unknown photographer)