PERFORMANCE OF ELITE SUGARCANE GENOTYPES COM IN RESPECT OF DIFFERENT DISEASE AND YIELD PARAMETER 1

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1 PERFORMANCE OF ELITE SUGARCANE GENOTYPES COM IN RESPECT OF DIFFERENT DISEASE AND YIELD PARAMETER 1 P. P. Khandagale, 2 M. M. Keskar, 3. S. K. Ghodake, 4 S. V. Nalawade and 5 A.V. Solanke 1, 2 & 3 Junior Research Assistant, Central Sugarcane Research Station, Padegaon, Tal. Phaltan, Dist. Satara (M.S.) 4 Senior Research Assistant, Central Sugarcane Research Station, Padegaon, Tal. Phaltan, Dist. Satara, (M.S.) 5 Sugarcane Specialist, Central Sugarcane Research Station, Padegaon, Tal. Phaltan, Dist. Satara, (M.S.) Received: 16/10/2017 Edited: 24/10/2017 Accepted: 02/11/2017 Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccrum officinarum L.) is one of the well-known C-4 Kalpvruksha plant with highest importance in human life because of its rainbow use in different aspects of life. Was cultivated worldwide and % sugar come from the sugarcane.though they are hardy in nature, insect pests and disease cause 20% and 10-15% yield loss respectively. Here we give the highlights on Midlate maturing thick canes, non lodging easy for mechanical harvesting, non flowering CoM the elite sugarcane genotypes which are free from all the major disease in natural condition in all three season (adsali, preseason and suru) experimented in the year at Central Sugarcane Research Station, Padegaon, have better cane yield(t/ha) % over VSI 434 and 4.17 % on Co the respective ruling checks. The genotype was resistant to smut, moderately resistant to red rot (plug method) and wilt disease at artificial inoculation. Key words: Sugarcane, New genotypes, disease resistant. Introduction Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the most important food and cash crop of the tropics and subtropics which was cultivated in about 121 countries encompassing approximately half of the world. They playing an important role in Indian economy, rank second largest producer of sugarcane (18.18%) and sugar (15.81%) after the Brazil (Kumar et.al., 2015). also play a key role to the socioeconomic prosperity in the state of Maharashtra. Sugarcane was cultivated on 8.35 lakh hac.area in Maharashtra ( ) with the production of lakh tone and productivity is 88 t/ha (Anonymous 2015). As they are C-4 in its physiological nature with highest Co 2 demand for its photosynthesis reaction has great importance in today s global warming situation. Besides the crystalline table sugar and Jaggary (GUR) cane gives alcohol, spirit, paint wash, molasses, domestic wine, bio-ethanol (Blending with petrol),bio-energy, bio-electricity, bio-plastic, paper& card-board industry, silicon based fertilizer, organic decomposed soil improver, leaf sheath (Wade) for fodder purpose to cattle, Khodkyas (cane remains) for chullha /cooking purpose as secondary product. Sugarcane being a long duration crop attracts a number of insect, diseases and nutritional disorders. Insect pests and disease cause 20% and 10-15% yield loss respectively. More than 150 diseases recorded so far on the sugarcane some seriously affecting sugarcane production in India (Viswanathan et.al., 2008). Whip-smut caused by Ustilago scitaminae Sydow. have considerable losses in cane yield and quality. The disease causes yield losses to the tune of 39 to 50 % in plant cane crop and 53 to 73 % in the ratoon crop in India. (Ferreira and Comstack, 1989). The recently reported viral disease is yellow leaf disease in sugarcane caused by sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV). Sever infection of YLD was found to significantly affect cane yield of 6%, 11% and 14% in the plant crop, first and second ratoon respectively (Grisham et.al., 2001). Wilt UGC Approved Journal (Sr. no Journal no ) / NAAS Score 2017:

2 (Cepahalosporium sacchari), Grassy shoot disease (GSD), Pokka boeng (top Rot) caused by Fusarium Moniliformiae,. Red rot caused by rust (Puccinia melanocepha), Brown spot (Cercospora longipes B.), ring spot (Leptosphaeria sacchari) and pineapple (Certosyosis paradoxab.) is the major disease found in the CSRS jurisdiction. Variety is the cardinal importance in the sugarcane cultivation. It should fulfill not only the requirement of cane in the early and Midlate season but also ensure high cane and sugar yield in varying climatic situation. Management of plant diseases through host resistance is considered as one of the best options available for crop protection. Plant breeders focus a significant part on selection and development of disease resistant genotypes to minimize disease problem which result the formation of the genotypes CoM The objective of the study were to evaluate the performance of the new clone under different natural conditions. Here we quoted the elite genotype CoM (parentage Co PC) was found consistently resistant in three season (Adsali, Preseason, Suru)in the year against all the disease in natural conditions at Padegaon having better yield contributing parameters as compare to the ruling checks.. Materials and Methods For artificial inoculation in suru season seventy genotypes with six checks were tested against whip smut disease under artificial inoculated conditions and yellow leaf disease under natural field conditions in suru season during at the Central Sugarcane Research Station, Padegaon. Two eye budded sets of each genotype from station trial were artificially inoculated by soaking them for 30 minutes in fresh viable (90 to 95% viability) smut teliospore suspension (@ 10 g teliospore powder per 50 lit of water) having spore load of 106 to 108 teliospores ml- 1 (Shinde et al., 1985 and Chirme et al., 1998). The treated sets were planted in moist soil in the 15 sets per row of 6 m length. The observations on germination were noted at 30 and 45 days after planting and the incidence of smut and YLD at natural condition was recorded at fortnightly interval up to harvest. Smut incidence was calculated as percentage of clumps infected out of the total clumps. Based on the cumulative smut incidence, the genotypes were categorized as per Shah et al. (1997) and Anonymous (2011) as follows. Smut Reaction Incidence (%) clumps basis 1. Resistant (R): Moderately Resistant (MR): 0.01 to Moderately Susceptible (MS): to Susceptible (S): to Highly Susceptible (HS): More than Where genotypes CoM found resistant against smut in artificial inoculation method. Sources of resistance against whip smut are available in sugarcane which can be utilized in breeding programme for evolution of new high yielding sugarcane varieties with in-built resistance to whip smut (Afghan et al., 1995, Sabalpara and Vaishnav, 2002 and Ali Khan et al., 2009). The resistant germplasm against whip smut of sugarcane plays a key role for evolution of resistant varieties through breeding programme (Begum et al., 2007). At the different multilocation, the trial are conducted in the year in adsali, preseason and suru season at CSRS Padegaon,Pravaranagar, Kolhapur, VSI,Pune. In this paper we lined the data recorded at CSRS, Padegaon in respect of the CoM Ten genotypes with four checks are planted in adsali, Preseason, and suru season in RBD design having plot size 6 M x 4 rows with three replication. UGC Approved Journal (Sr. no Journal no ) / NAAS Score 2017:

3 All the management practices are followed for better quality of the cane.the observation of the natural incidence of the disease like rust, Pokka boeng, smut, YLD, grassy shoot, Brown spot were recorded at fortnightly interval up to harvest. All the yield YLD severity grades: Disease grade parameter are also recorded as suggested by Meade and Chen (1977). Data was analyzed by following standard statistical procedure Panse and Sukatme (1978). Description 0 No symptom of the disease 1 Mild yellowing of midrib in one or two leaves, no sign of typical bunching of leaves caused by YLD 2 Prominent yellowing of midrib on all the leaves in the crown. No bunching of leaves 3 Progress of midrib yellowing to laminar region in the whorl, yellowing on the upper leaf surface, and bunching of leaves 4 Drying of laminar region from leaf tip downwards along the midrib, typical bunching of leaves as a tuft 5 Stunted growth of the cane combined with drying of symptomatic leaves Mean of the severity grades to be computed and the following YLD severity scale is to be used to assign disease reaction of the variety as per Anonymous (2014) as follows. YLD severity scale: Score Disease reaction Resistant > Moderately resistant > Moderately susceptible > Susceptible > Highly susceptible For the * Red rot ( ) by plugs method (Srinivasasan and Bhat 1961) COM found moderately resistant to red rot and wilt disease at artificial inoculation (MR) at RSRS, Navsari (Guj.) Rating for red rot 0-2 Resistant to red rot MR MS S 8.1-above HS Result and Discussion: Selection of the genotypes CoM having pedigree of Co M GC was more efficient in respect of all the diseases visually observe. The result are summarized in the table no. 01. In adsali, preseason and season at CSRS, Padegaon location the genotypes was found free from all the major and minor diseases. In respect of the yield parameters are concerned the cane yield (t/ha) of the genotypes CoM 09057( t/ha) in adsali season was found at par with the check Co ( t/ha). While they are significantly superior over the Co VSI 9805 (133.33t/ha) the another ruling check. As concern with the CCS yield (t/ha) CoM (33.98 t/ha) found significantly superior over both the checks Co (30.26t/ha), Co VSI 434 (25.02t/ha). For the CCS % the clone CoM (14.24 %) was at par with the Co (13.16%), Co VSI (13.49%) respectively. In preseason the cane yield (t/ha) of the genotypes CoM 09057(149.77t/ha) was significantly superior over the check Co ( t/ha) and Co VSI 9805 ( t/ha). As concern with the CCS yield (t/ha) CoM (21.12 t/ha) found at par over both the checks Co (17.72t/ha), Co VSI 434 (16.59t/ha). For the CCS % the none of the genotypes found superior. The clone CoM (14.24 %) higher than the Co (13.88%), Co VSI (14.29%).In suru season CoM in respect the cane yield (t/ha) of the genotypes CoM 09057(149.77t/ha) was significantly superior over the UGC Approved Journal (Sr. no Journal no ) / NAAS Score 2017:

4 check Co ( t/ha) and Co VSI 9805 ( t/ha). As concern with the CCS yield (t/ha) CoM (21.12 t/ha) found at par over both the checks Co (17.72t/ha), Co VSI 434 (16.59t/ha). For the CCS % the none of the genotypes found superior. The clone CoM (14.24 %) higher than the Co (13.88%), Co VSI (14.29%). In suru season CoM09057 cane yield (t/ha) of the genotypes (118.52t/ha) was significantly superior over the check Co VSI 434 (95.35 t/ha). The check Co ( t/ha) was at par with the CoM As concern with the CCS yield (t/ha) CoM (15.99 t/ha) found significantly superior at par over both the checks Co (15.37t/ha), Co VSI 434 (13.19 t/ha). For the CCS % the none of the genotypes found superior. The clone Co VSI (13.85%) was higher than CoM (13.49 %) and Co (13.35%). Table 1: Different disease reaction in natural condition Disease /Season Adsali Preseason Suru Rust Free from all the diseases Free from all the diseases Free from all the diseases Pokka boeng Smut( natural ) YLD and GSD Table 2: Yield parameter of CoM with respect of the season Season Sr.No. Name of variety Cane yield t/ha CCS yield t/ha CCS% Adsali 1 CoM Co CoVSI SE CV Season Sr.No. Name of variety Cane yield t/ha CCS yield t/ha CCS % Preseason Suru CoM Co VSI SE CV Name of variety Cane yield t/ha CCS yield t/ha CCS % 1 CoM Co VSI SE CV Conclusion The elite cane variety CoM having the parent Co PC is high yielding, Midlate maturating genotypes with no spins, non lodging, erect, easy for mechanical harvesting, tolerant to salinity and drought, non flowering. Resistant to smut, for red rot by plug method and wilt are found moderately resistant in artificial inoculation. Free from the natural incidence of the disease like rust, Pokka boeng, smut, YLD, grassy shoot, Brown spot. High jaggery yield, high jaggery recovery, perform better in heavy rainfall area of south Maharashtra, as well as in deep black soil Resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. We, on the basis of above data recommended the clone CoM for further notification and commercial cultivation in UGC Approved Journal (Sr. no Journal no ) / NAAS Score 2017:

5 Maharashtra state of the country. The genotype was pre released in Joint Agrosco Acknowledgement The author are thankful to the Sugarcane Specialist, Central Sugarcane research Station, Padegaon, Tal, Phaltan Dist. Satara to giving the opportunity to work on breeding programme in sugarcane.also thankful to the *Head, Regional Sugarcane Research Station, Navsari (Guj.) for providing result regarding the wilt and the red rot reactions. The help and support in the development of this variety by all the collogues as Shri.Bhuse, Bhosale, co-scientists Dr.Thorve, Dr.Bhor, CSRS, Padegaon are also duly acknowledged. References Afghan, S., Qureshi, S. A., Khan, M. A. and Nasir, M. A Screening of some sugarcane varieties/lines for combined resistance to red rot and smut. Pakistan Sugar Journal, 9 (1): 4-6. Ali khan, H. M. W., Chattha, A. A., Munir, M. and Zia, A Evaluation of resistance in sugarcane promising lines against whip smut. Pakistan J. Phytopathol. 21(1) : Anonymous, Technical programme of AICRP on Sugarcane, pp Anonymous Technical programme of AICRP on Sugarcane, pp Chirme, B. B., Khadtare, R. M., Khade, K. K. and Mali, J. B Source of resistance to whip smut of sugarcane caused by Ustilago scitaminea Sydow. Bharatiya Sugar, 3 : Ferreira, S. A. and Comstack, J. C Diseases of Sugarcane. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp Grisham, M. P., Pan, Y-B., Legendre, B. L., Godshall, M. A. and Eggleston, G Effect of sugarcane Yellow leaf syndrome on sugarcane yield and juice quality. Proceeding of International Society of Sugarcane Technologist, 24: Kumar Rajesh, P.K.Bajpai and S.S.Husan et.al.,2015.map based analyses of sugarcane and sugar production in different countries with special reference to India-A new approach, Indian J. of Sugarcane Technology 30 (02),Dec.2015:89-97 Meade G. P. and Chen J.C. P. (1977)., Cane sugar Hand Book, 10 th edition, John Wily & Sons., Inc., New York. Panse V.G. and Sukatme P.V.(1978),Stastical methos for agricultureal workers, ICAR Publications, 3 rd edition. Sabalpara, A. N. and Vaishnav, M. U Screening of sugarcane clone / varieties for resistance to smut caused by Ustilago scitaminea Sydow. Indian Sugar J., 12 (7): Shinde, V. K., Lambhate, S. S., Shinde, D. B. and Jadhav, S. B Screening of sugarcane varieties against smut disease. Proc. of 35th Convention of D. S. T. A., Pune, pp Shah, S. E., Thirumururugan, A. and Devaraj, S Screening of sugarcane clones/varieties for resistance to smut caused by Ustilago scitaminea Sydow. Cooperative Sugar, 28 (10): Srinivasasan K.V. Bhat N.1961 Red rot of sugarcane criteria for grading resistance. Journal of Indian Botanocal society, 40: Viswanathan, R; Padmanaban P Handbook on Sugarcane Diseases and their Management. Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore. PP 06. Viswanathan, R Yellow leaf disease of sugarcane: a threatening disease of sugarcane Group meets on sugarcane, UGC Approved Journal (Sr. no Journal no ) / NAAS Score 2017: