Current Status of U.S. Aquaculture Research

Transcription

1 NIAA 2013 Annual Conference Aquatic Livestock Committee Current Status of U.S. Aquaculture Research Jeffrey Silverstein, PhD USDA-Agricultural Research Service National Program Leader, Aquaculture S

2 Capture and Aquaculture Production FAO 2012

3 Do we need aquaculture research in the United States? S

4 Aquaculture S Extremely efficient animal protein production system- (Conservation International 2011) S High in protein, healthful omega3 fatty acids, essential vitamins and minerals S Create jobs in coastal communities and agricultural heartland

5 US Seafood Trade Deficit $2B; $10.4B Over 86% of our seafood is imported

6 Chamberlain 2011

7 Key Elements of Research System S S Resources S Human S Financial Academia, Government, Industry, Farmers, NGOs Idea development and application S Fundamental S Applied S Problem Solving S Transfer and extension S Integration across these domains

8 ARS Locations = O Federal Aquaculture Research Regional Aquaculture Centers (RACs)= =O Franklin, ME Newport, OR Hagerman, ID & Aberdeen, ID Milwaukee, WI O Leetown, WV O Stuttgart, AR Oxford and Stoneville MS Auburn, AL O New Orleans, LA O

9 Private and NGO driven Valella Project Hubbs Sea World Mote Marine Lab USB, QSSBs, SAA

10 Integration Resource constrained Do more with less Do less-better Focus on key problems Concentrate resources Push success Integrate across domainsmulti-disciplinary, multiinstitutional, multistakeholder

11 Key Production Challenges under research S Reduce costs of production S Faster growth S Lower feed costs S Better control of reproduction S Reduce loss to disease S Improve production systems S Generate product variety

12 Bright Spots in US Aquaculturewith a role for research S S S Molluscan Shellfish Salmon Catfish S Marine fish * S S S Recirculating systems Feeds development Broodstock (genetic) development-build on terrestrial experience

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14 Ingredient Evaluation; Nutritional and Economic Value 1) Compositional analysis Nutrients; protein, energy, amino acids, fatty acids, etc. Anti-nutrients; evolved in a protective or developmental role 2) Palatability; Effect on feed intake 3) Digestibility; Apparent Digestibility Coefficients 4) Functionality; durability, expansion, oil absorption, water stability 5) Growth; gain, FCR, fecal prod. product quality laboratory, pilot scale, 3 rd party, production scale

15 Duniella Winter crop Oil source Spirulina Summer crop Protein source

16 % gain from initial Effect of base formula and added spirulina meal on growth of white sea bass; 8 weeks 350 Hubb s Sea World Research Institute MG Fish meal base Fish meal Free Skretting

17 Survival, % Effect of base formula and added spirulina meal on survival of white sea bass; 8 weeks Hubb s Sea World Research Institute % 20% 30% 0 10% 20% 30% MG Fish meal base Fish meal Free Skretting

18 USB-Aquaculture Coalition Meeting Alternative Ingredients for Aquafeeds Improved Genetic Lines of Soybeans; Soybeans; Lipoxygenase High protein Lectins, mg/kg Oligosaccharides; Stachyose, Raffinose Trypsin Inhibitor Activity, mg/g Phytate P34 allergen All non-gmo

19 Summary and Conclusions - High value alternatives are being developed and are currently available for testing or production. - All characteristics of alternative ingredients must be considered to determine nutritional/economic value.

20 Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center A multi-disciplinary, research and extension program for warmwater aquaculture Mississippi State University Agricultural Experiment Station College of Veterinary Medicine Extension Service United States Department of Agriculture Craig Tucker Les Torrans Brian Bosworth Nagaraj Chatakondi

21 US Farm-Raised Catfish Production

22 Catfish Production Problems S Competition S Feed costs S Fuel costs S High Mortality S Long production cycles S Poor Feed Conversion

23 Catfish Genetics Research Unit Stoneville, Mississippi Production of hybrid (blue x channel) catfish- <10 million in 2003 to over 150 million in 2012 Advantages : Increased growth rate Lower feed conversion Better Survival Improved disease resistance Better tolerance of low DO Blue Hybrid Channel Disadvantages: Production is labor intensive S

24 Relative Feed Consumption (%) Oxygen and Feed Data from Les Torran s pond studies Average minimum dissolved oxygen (ppm)

25 New aerator placement strategy could reduce aeration costs by 15-20% Higher D.O. in morning More feed consumed Higher net production Less tractor use for emergency aeration Less electricity use for routine aeration

26 Split-Pond Technology acre conventional pond wastes pumped out oxygen pumped in Tucker et al. 2012

27 Paddlewheel pump Aerators Waste side Return flow Fish side

28 Commercial-Scale Split-Pond Fish weight (lb/fish) Initial Final Survival Harvest (lb/ac) FCR Hybrid catfish stockers, 10,000 per acre % 17, % 14, % 15, Hybrid catfish stockers, 15,000 per acre % 21,

29 Hybrid Fish Integrated Solutions Oxygen levels- Better aeration strategy (grow fish rather than keep alive) Easier to maintain in split ponds Feeding- Better feeding by hybrid catfish, fish not scattered over large area Fish Health-Hybrid more resistant, easier to treat in split pond Harvest-Smaller area, more efficient in split pond Predators-Smaller area to protect in split ponds All work done in conjunction with producers-step by step to integrate into improved system

30 There is a critical role for research in aquaculture development in the United States Focus on a few key industries, technologies adaptable across species Integration of research through extension and working with farmers is essential-no silver bullets USDA (ARS-NIFA) Stakeholder Meetings upcoming Summer 2013-plan joint with NOAA Joint Subcommittee for Aquaculture, National Aquaculture Strategic Research Plan due out in 2013

31 Thank you! 31

32 Vegetable Oil to Fish Oil Fish oil (EPA, 20:5 n-3/dha, 22:6 n-3) mainly derived from marine algae, in fish through feed Dietary requirement for fish not well defined May be variation between fish in ability to convert linoleic (18:2 n-6) to EPA and DHA 44 full-sib families evaluated after 70 days of feeding diet high in vegetable oil (13%), low in fish oil (1.5%) Overturf et al., Aquaculture 2013

33 Difference in FA conversion and deposition S S Significant differences between families in deposition of EPA and DHA Highly heritable (can modify through selective breeding) % T F A % TFA EPA % TFA DHA b b c b a a 1 0 Low Medium High Relative fatty acid level of families