Transformation in Mwea Rice Sector

Transcription

1 Transformation in Mwea Rice Sector Mwangi, Moses Kareithi Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Manual Weeding Subsistence crops Settlement Learning Institution 1

2 Order of presentation Overview Mwea Irrigation scheme Mwea history Rice market outlet Challenges Technology Canal & dam Research and innovation activities SRI(System of Rice Intensfication) WSRC(Water Saving Rice Culture) Weeder trial and artisan training Rice varieties Alternative crop Research on hybrid rice Conclusion Koshihikali Milled rice Koshihikali delivery 2

3 Overview 3

4 Overview of Mwea Irrigation scheme(mis) (Largest rice cropping area in Kenya) First rice research trial (1953~) Area: 30,350 acres irrigated 22,000 acres in the scheme Irrigated 4,000 acres out growers The rest of the scheme is used for settlement, public utilities, subsistence and horticultural crops farming Main rivers: Nyamindi, Thiba Farmers: about 7,022 households Initially 3,400 households in 1953, each household had 4 acres Rice production: 136,000 ton 80% of total production in Kenya Rice consumption increasing Rice variety: Before 1998: BW390 (high yield) + Basmati370 Current: Bastmati370 (high price) New: NERICA, Koshihikali (Japonica rice) Capital city Marura M6 Out-growers Ndekia Out-growers M1 M2 M3 M9 M5 M4 M7 M8 M10 M11 M17 M13 M12 M16 M14 M15 Mutithi/Curukia Out-growers H18 H20 H6 H19 H1 H3 H7 H2 H5 H8 H4 W7 W4 W1 W5 W6 K1 W2 T5 T2 T3 T13 W3 K3 K2 T6 MIS K4 T7 K5 T8 T15 T11 T16 Kianugu T18 T23 Out-growers T22 T20 T17 T21 T25 Kiamanyeki Out-growers Kenya map Mwea map K6 K8 K7 9 4

5 Overview: MIS history ~1998: managed by NIB* (government) N.I.B collapsed in 1998 (Liberalization era), farmers decided to manage through co-operative 1998~: managed by MRGM** (co-operative) However, lucked capacity to manage the scheme due to lack of skilled personnel. Lack of finance and machinery for scheme maintenance. 2003~: managed by 4 participatory collaboration N.I.B. Responsible for the primary, secondary infrastructure and research. IWUA- infrastructure and Operation & maintenance payment Mwea Rice Growers Multipurpose (MRGM) Production and marketing. Lainisha Sacco Credit Provision Mwea Rice Mills *NIB: National Irrigation board **MRGM: Mwea Rice Growers Multipurpose(Farmers co-operative) NIB Workshop 5

6 Overview: Rice market outlet Currently, MRGM was given role of production and marketing serves only 20% of farmers in the scheme. The rest of production is sold individually to business people whose number increases every now and then This free market of rice also engages lot of youth and women in rice value addition chain Private Miller Rice Value addition Rice Market Outlet Rice Business Women 6

7 Overview: Challenges Mwea irrigation scheme experiences drastic water shortage due to:- (i) Increased area under irrigation catchment (ii) Wetlands encroachment. (iii) Climate change has also affected rain pattern hence Low River discharge affecting and limiting rice production. Major challenges in the scheme: Land sub division Low yields (exhausted soils) High cost of input Poor infrastructure Research capacity Rice Hay for sale Dry Canal Annual Rain Pattern 7

8 Technology 8

9 Technology: Research and innovation activities Due to population increase hence land subdivisions there s need for research and innovation. To achieve this Rice MAPP (Rice-based and Market-oriented Agriculture Promotion Project) under supervision of Japanese experts did set several trials in MIAD Center in collaboration with ministry of Agriculture and Livestock and MIAD staff. MIAD: (Chief Research Officer: Dr. Wanjogu) SRI weeder Rice MAPP: (JICA project) Canal & dam WSRC new rice variety alternative crop KARI (Kenya Agricultural Research Institute): hybrid rice for high production and disease resistance Straight fertilizer application model 9

10 Technology: Canal and Dam Link canal joining the two rivers transferring water from Nyamindi to Thiba (JICA support, 1989) Curukia canal is currently under improvement by JICA Expected Thiba dam project by JICA. After completion of dam, we expect even more benefit like; Increased area under irrigation Increased employment Improved food security Poverty reduction as a result of increased productivity and employment opportunities. Thiba river Marura Ndekia M6 Out-growers M1 M2 Out-growers M3 M5 M9 M4 M7 M8 M10 M11 M17 M13 M12 M16 M14 M15 Mutithi/Curukia Out-growers Curukia H18 H20 H6 H19 H1 H3 H2 H5 H4 W7 W4 W1 W5 W6 H7 K1 W2 H8 K2 T5 T2 T3 T13 T20 W3 K3 Nyamindi river T6 T15 K4 T7 T16 Kianugu T18 Out-growers T17 Kiamanyeki Out-growers T21 K5 T8 T11 T23 T22 K6 K8 K7 T25 water shortage area 9 Nyamindi Head work Tebere Main canal Bi Vacation Point Partially Lined canal Manual Weeding 10

11 Technology: SRI(System of Rice Intensification)* * SRI: a methodology aimed at increasing the yield of rice produced in farming. It is a low water, labor-intensive methodology. 2009: World Bank, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology and NIB introduced SRI through MIAD Moses Kareith: engaged as field assistance after setting the first on farm trial in Kenya. Initial SRI (2009) Young seedling (14 days old) Wider spacing (25cm x 25cm) Single seedling (les nursery size) and seeds 5kg. Line planting Use of organic fertilizer Wet and drying (Intermittent irrigation) Mechanical weeding Rice Fields 11

12 Technology: WSRC(Water Saving Rice Culture)* Later, WSRC is introduced by JICA through RICE MAPP** WSRC is improved scheme, more farmer friendly approach to improve rice production while reducing cost in production, improving WSRC scheme farmers income by introducing other crops and intensification by water saving techniques Red word is changed point from initial SRI Young seedling (21 days old) Wider spacing (30cm x 15cm) 2 or 3 seedling per hill Line planting Use of organic fertilizer and modified split application of chemical fertilizers Wet and drying (Intermittent irrigation) Mechanical weeding Machine harvesting (Combine harvesters) *WSRC is modified version of SRI by JICA ** Rice MAPP (Rice-based and Marketoriented Agriculture Promotion Project) 12

13 Technology: Weeder trial and artisan training All through the Rice MAPP project, I was engaged on mechanization to improve the push weeder to a prototype Farmers were recommended the Japanese prototype and after improvement fabricated more than 1,700 pieces which were freely given to WSRC [Water Saving Rice Culture] adopters. I did also train 2 artisans in the scheme to assist in the repair of the push weeder Push weeder efficiency trial Push Weeder efficiency trial Artisan training 13

14 Technology: Rice varieties produced in MIS BW 390 (old product) High yielding but low market price Basmati 370 (current product) low yielding but high market price (aromatic) NERICA (new product but unattractive) no adequate water for irrigated rice low market price Koshihikali (new product, attractive) none aromatic & low yielding variety mostly consumed by Asian community in city higher market prices than Basmati Mwea Rice Production projection Introduction of combine harvesters in Mwea through mechanization package have reduced cost of production, time and wastage. Proposed Rice Calendar Recommend to add Koshihikali production from March to June Koshihikali increasing 14

15 Technology: Alternative crop Rice MAPP also introduced growing of soya, tomatoes and green grams as alternative crop. Tomato crop 15

16 Technology: Research on hybrid rice Research on hybrid rice which has high production and disease resistance is on going through KALRO (Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization) and Japan expert. Hybrid researchers Hybrid Rice trial

17 Conclusion 17

18 We have gotten benefit from Japan Research capacity Benefit gotten from government partners e.g Japan Improved irrigation system (Link canal, ongoing curukia and expected Thiba dam project) Improved production through research and innovation -WSRC Less water conflict (Intermittent irrigation) - WSRC Less cost due to mechanization (Push weeder and combine - harvester)- WSRC These innovations have improved on water conflict reductions, increased in area under irrigation, improved production and reduction in cost of production. Job creation Combine Harvester 18

19 WAY FORWARD There is need for government agency and partners continued collaboration to assist in:- (i) Maintenance of our catchment and wetlands areas (ii) Improve on water storage (iii) Improving on our irrigation infrastructure (iv) Value addition interventions (v) Capacity building on Research and innovation This will improve the living standard of Mwea people. Thank you for continued support. END OF PRESENTATION. 19