ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN BACKYARD GHOONGROO PIGGERY A SUCCESS OF DAKSHIN DINAJPUR KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA

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1 ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN BACKYARD GHOONGROO PIGGERY A SUCCESS OF DAKSHIN DINAJPUR KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA Piggery farming plays a significant role in ensuring livelihood security to the millions of tribal small & marginal farmers, landless labourers and rural folk. This is one of the most profitable entrepreneurial avenues among different livestock farming and gaining momentum under rural backyard condition. Indigenous piggery practices under backyard or semi-intensive condition is very much popular and this practice prevails since long in rural tribal area of North Bengal region of West Bengal. Among 06 different district of North Bengal, Dakshin Dinajpur district consists of 08 blocks in which 04 blocks are tribal dominated and they are resource poor, socio economically and educationally backward and mostly belong to marginal and landless category. Their livelihood principally depends on animal husbandry based production system. The district possesses 4.67 lakh cattle, thousand buffalo, thousand sheep lakh goat, thousand pig, 6.88 lakh fowl and 5.14 lakh duck population, which are mainly possessed by the rural grass root stakeholders. Total population of the district is lakh in which 2.42 lakh belongs to tribal community and they rear about 65,646 nos of pig (Livestock census , Govt. of W.B.) in which almost 95% belongs to local low productive breed with low fecundity and growth rate. The Dakshin Dinajpur KVK has interviewed in replacement of this low productive native breed with highly prolific Ghongroo breed. Time-line of Backyard Piggery population in the district ( ): The district has vast backyard piggery population since long and there was not a single commercial high yielding piggery farm in the district. During last 03 decades, this low productive backyard piggery farming practice was increasing tremendously among rural tribal community of North Bengal. But, due to lack of scientific know how of improved farming practices, increased disease incidence and overall non profitability the population decreased significantly in the year As per census the piggery population of the district decreased abruptly (-39.60%) due to its non-remunerative traditional practices, which was also reflected in KVK PRA survey in various adopted villages of the district. Simultaneously, exotic commercial piggery farming was also quite impossible for the socio-economically backward poor tribal stakeholders. Considering this identified crisis, KVK initiated the varietal replacement of low productive backyard piggery by native, prolific Ghoongroo piggery in entrepreneurial venture along with scientific orientation among the rural tribal piggery owner of Dakshin Dinajpur district of North Bengal, West Bengal. 1

2 Table-1: Year wise trend in growth of backyard Pig population in the district: Year Pig Population % Growth , ,408 (+) ,247 (+) ,874 (+) ,646 (+) ,558 (+) ,807 (-) Source: Livestock census report for the year , Govt. Of West Bengal Problems & prospects of Backyard Piggery: The poor productivity of local backyard piggery breed is due to poor genetic makeup of the breed. There is one very popular but improved native piggery breed, Ghongroo found in rural tribal area of terrai region of North Bengalhaving tremendous growth potential and fecundity rate. The breed is very much sustainable in this area and fetches huge profitability considering the backyard condition of the rural tribal area of Bengal. This is a highly prolific breed, moderately resistant and first identified and characterised in by W.B. University of Animal & Fishery Sc. In the field condition, the fecundity rate of the breed is nos of piglet per furrowing and in farm condition it is nos per furrowing which is more than double than that of backyard local variety. The growth rate is kg in 6-7 months. So, varietal replacement of majority of these low productive backyard varieties by the improved native Ghoongroo piggery breed or through crossbreeding with these breed for genetic improvement of productive potentiality are the only scientific and sustainable vis-a-vis profitable entrepreneurial venture for the tribal piggery stakeholders of the area. Lack of technical know. in improved Piggery Inadequate and Imbalance feeding Poor economic Low purchase Incidence of Inadequate Condition Power Backyard Piggery major diseases Vety. facility Lack of credit facility Poor decision Making Power Poor Marketing Piglet mortality Local poor productive Breed More furrowing Interval SOCIO-ECONOMIC BIO-PHYSICAL Figure-1: Problem Cause diagramme of Backyard Piggrey 2

3 Tribal Farmer rearing Ghoongroo Pig in Balurghat & block of the district,w.b Technological intervention by the KVK: Considering the entrepreneurial potentiality of Piggery, Dakshin Dinajpur Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) under Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya started training followed by front line demonstration on this native innovative variety in various adopted (06) villages of the 03 blocks of the district since In last 3-4 years, several training programmes were conducted along with 17 nos of demonstration programmes with the assistance of district ATMA as well as from KVK fund in the KVK adopted 06 villages of the district. Now, 12 nos of sustainable small units (2+1) are successfully running among the total established unit. Technical support & HRD through the KVK ( ): The details of training and front line demonstration along with horizontal spread of the technology of improved piggery farming practices through KVK is given below in Table-2 & 3. Table-2 : List of Training conducted by the KVK in the adopted villages of the district Sl. No Implemented Name of Block in No. of batches No. of No of unit year district trained Participants established Tapan, Balurghat Tapan, Balurghat & Tapan, Balurghat & Tapan, Balurghat Total: Tribal Farm Family rearing Ghoongroo Pig in Tapan block of D.Dinajpur district, W.B. 3

4 STEPS TAKEN BY THE KVK FOR DISSEMINATING THE TECHNOLOGY Identification of Tribal PRA Survey, Group Meeting Selection of stakeholders along Piggery farming Village & Prioritization of problem with Motivation & discussion Technical backup from KVK trough Trg., Demonstration & Exposure visit Purchase & distribution of G. Pig & critical input from Ramsai KVK, Jalpaiguri Facilitation by KVK for Bank loan Establishment of Ghongroo Piggery in Various adopted villages Skill up-gradation & empowerment Successful Piggery Capacity building & With help of KVK farming activity Marketing support Monitoring to develop Successful entrepreneurship Chart-1: Flow diagramme of activities for entrepreneurship development in Piggery Horizontal spread & inter-kvk transfer of technology (TOT) by the KVK: Ghoongroo pig is one of the native breeds of terrai region of West Bengal with high fecundity & growth rate. The breed is widely spread in various tribal area of Jalpaiguri district and first identified as well as characterised by the W.B. University of Animal & Fishery sc. in the year with the active involvement of Ramsai KVK in Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal. Dakshin Dinajpur KVK started its function in the year and took up ( ) animal science developmental activity in the district. The KVK started varietal replacement of low productive backyard piggery by improved, native but prolific Ghoongroo piggery from Ramsai KVK. Thereafter, KVK is continuing its effort to disseminate the technology and entrepreneurship development among the tribal piggery stakeholders in the district. During last 3-4 years 274 nos of farmers have been trained in 12 batches on improved backyard piggery farming practices from these 06 adopted villages of the 03 blocks of the district. Among total nos of trainees 32 nos of farmers set up small units of piggery as entrepreneurial venture in their backyard household system. During this time span, 17 nos of front line demonstration along with regular awareness cum motivation campaign, monitoring and discussion with farmers were organised to facilitate the farmers to overcome various socio-economic constraints in successful development of this piggery farming practices. As a result, gradually this farming practice became popular among the tribal farmers of the area and a specific network marketing system was developed for the livestock owners of the area. Some of the successful farming units are Mr. Panchanan Tirky of Gangarampur Block, Amal Tigga of Kasibati village under Tapan block, one belonging to SC community, Sri Subrata Murmu of Gopalganj Village under 4

5 block of the district. NABARD, Office of the LDM and state dept. of Animal Resources development of the district have also come forward for large scale dissemination of the technology. Sl. No Table-3: Number of demonstration & horizontal spread of technology in various block of district Activity year No of Demonstration Name of Block in district Avg. no of piglet per farmers/ unit/annum Horizontal spread of tech. thru piglet distribution (ST) Tapan, Balurghat 16/Sow 12 nos (ST)+01(SC) Tapan, Balurghat 18/Sow 18 nos (ST) Tapan, Balurghat 17/Sow 22 nos (ST) Tapan, Balurghat 19/Sow 16 nos Total: 17 nos 17/Sow Economics of Ghoongroo & local Bakyard piggery in the district: A single unit of Ghoongroo piggery (2+1) is quite capable maintaining the livelihood of a tribal family with the earning of Rs. 90,000/- per year and may brings more than two fold (130%) economic return than local poor productive backyard system. Table-4: Comparative Economics of Ghoongroo & Traditional Piggery in farmer s field: Piggery Unit (2+1) Rearing cost per yr. (RS.) Profitability per yr. (Rs.) B:C Ratio Low Productive Backyard Rs.25,000/- Rs.40,000/- 8:5 Piggery(2+1) Improved Native Ghoongroo Piggery(2+1) Rs. 40,000/- Rs. 90,000/- 9:4 Success of stakeholders adopting the technology from KVK: Subrata Murmu started his unit (5+1) in 2007 and now he is one of the popular profitable entrepreneurs with a unit size of 20+5 nos of Ghoongroo piggery along with annual turnover of Rs lakh per annum. Amal Tigga started his unit in 2008 with a small unit (2+1) through KVK demonstration and presently his stock is 10+2 no s of Piggery with net return of Rs 90,000/- annum. Now, he wants to expand his farm in commercial entrepreneurial venture with this Ghoongroo piggery and for this he needs financial assistance. He has contacted with the ARD Deptt. of Govt. of W.B. through KVK for a large project under the tribal assistance scheme of the District. Mr Tigga will become a mega entrepreneur in next 2-3 years with this assistance. Now, they are being considered as successful farmers in the adjoining area as well as district through Ghoongroo Piggery farming practices. 5

6 Fig-1: MAP SHOWING PIGGERY EXTENSION PROGRAMME BY D. DINAJPUR KVK IN THE DISTRICT SUMMARY: The district has larger tribal dominated area along with decreasing population of backyard piggery. In this backdrop, to sustain the profitability of native piggery farming practice D. Dinajpur KVK started implementing its scientific piggery extension programme through varietal replacement of these low productive backyard variety by improved, native but highly prolific Ghoongroo pig with establishment of small units (2+1) in various KVK adopted villages since The KVK extended necessary technical support though training, demonstration, motivation and regular monitoring for efficient entrepreneurship development among tribal piggery stakeholders in the district. The costbenefit analyses of small unit showed remarkable improvement, about 3 fold economic returns in comparison to low productive backyard unit. The high level sustainability and profitability of this native prolific breed is increasing its demand significantly. In spite of stakeholders economic constraints, low credit facility & critical input availability KVK is trying hard for large scale dissemination of Ghoongroo piggery in the district with the ultimate objectives of economic upliftment of poor farmers and rural youths. KVK demonstrated Ghoongroo Piggery with litters KVK expert conducting Training -cum-awareness camp in Tapan block of Dakshin Dinajpur district, W.B. 6

7 Tribal Farmer rearing Ghoongroo Pig in Barsapara & Gopalganj village, Balurghat & block of the district,w.b. Tribal Farm Family rearing Ghoongroo Pig in Gopalganj village, block of D.Dinajpur district, W.B. Tribal Farmer rearing Ghoongroo Pig in Kasibati village,tapan block of D.Dinajpur district,w.b. 7