Rice cultivation in Japan and GHG emissions

Transcription

1 Rice cultivation in Japan and GHG emissions Dr Shigeto Sudo (APN Project Investigator) Scientist, NIAES, Japan APN Expert Meeting on State of the art of rice cultivation practices in SEA 2 3 June 2011 Bangkok, Thailand 1

2 Rice cultivation in Japan and GHG emissions Trends in greenhouse gas emissions from the Agriculture sector Rice cultivation in Japan Agricultural Field ( ) in Japan Rice harvest yield 2010 in Japan CH4 emission from rice cultivation in Japan Typical case of water management for rice cultivation in Japan intermittent drainage Estimations of soil carbon accumulation and applications of organic manures (OM) in rice paddy Numerical model (DNDC rice) fitting on CH4 emission from Japanese rice paddy field Residue management in paddy field

3 World GHG Inventory CH % N 2 O 7.9% Halocarbons ハロカーボン類 1.1% Waste 廃棄物 Forestry 2.8% Energy 林業 エネルギー 17.4% 25.9% CO 2 : その他 2.8% Agriculture 農業 13.5% Transportation 運輸 13.1% CO 2 : CO 2 : 土地利用変化化石燃料産業生活 17.3% 56.5% 19.4% 7.9% Land Use Change Fossil Fuel Industrial Human IPCC 2004 AR4

4 Trends in greenhouse gas emissions from the Agriculture sector

5 Agricultural Field 2009 in Japan According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for the year 2007, global rice plantation area covers 12.5% of total crop plantation area. (Preface of this meeting program) Categories Sub categories ha ha ha % % Total area of agricultural field in 4,609,000 Rice paddy 2,506,000 54% Upland ,103,000 46% crop & vegi field 1,169,000 25% grassland, grazing % orchard % Statistics from MAFF(Ministry of Agriculture, Forestery and Fishery, Japan)

6 Agricultural Field ( ) in Japan Categories Sub categories ha ha ha ha ha ha Total area of agricultural field in 6,085, ,741,000 5,442,000 5,205, ,609, ,609, Japan Rice paddy 3,388,000 3,364,000 3,031,000 2,825,000 2,506,000 2,506,000 Upland 2,697,000 2,377,000 2,411,000 2,380,000 2,103,000 2,103,000 crop & vegi field 2,165,000 1,409,000 1,241,000 1,266,000 1,169,000 1,169,000 grassland, grazing 81, , , , , ,800 orchard 451, , , , , ,700 Land area of Japan(ha) 37,600,000, ratio of agricultural field 16.2% 15.3% 14.5% 13.8% 12.3% 12.3% ratio of rice cultivation 9.01% 8.95% 8.06% 7.51% 6.66% 6.66%

7 Rice harvest yield 2010 in Japan unit: brown rice yield ild(k (kg/10a) All Japan Hokkaido Chugoku Hokuriku Tohoku Kyushu Kanto & Tosan Shikoku Kinki Tokai Okinawa

8 CH4 emission from rice cultivation in Japan CH4 emissions from rice cultivation year Gas Item Unit C.1.- Intermittently Flooded Gg-CH C.1.- Continuously Flooded Gg-CH Total CH4 from rice cultivation Gg-CH Total CH4 from rice cultivation Gg-CO2eq Intermittently Flooded Continuously Flooded Emission factor of CH4 was not changed while cultivation area was decreasing.. 98% of rice cultivation was managed by intermittently flooded condition in Japan.

9 Typical case of water management for rice cultivation in Japan A B C D E 溝中飽水管理常時湛水管理落水田切干幼出収植りし形穂穫期期期期 (3 週間 ) (25 日間 ) 5 月 6 月 7 月 8 月 9 月 A. Transplanting B. Mid-season drainage C. Saturated water management D. Flooded E. Drainage

10 Reduction of CH4 emission by prolonged Nakaboshi (mid season drainage period; FukushimaPrefectural Agricultural Center in CH4 emission i in paddy field is able to reduce prolonged Nakaboshi treatments. CH4 flux (mg m -2 hr -1 ) NAkaboshi Flooding period panicle initiation stage Continuous flooding Nakaboshi 2 weeks, conventional Nakaboshi 3 weeks Nakaboshi 4 weeks Yield of rice is strongly damaged by drainage after panicle initiation stage of rice with cadmium accumulation risk. May June July August September

11 Estimations of soil carbon accumulation and applications of organic manures (OM) in rice paddy, Japan compared with baseline of non application of OM and single rice. Differ rence with baseli ine (M MtC) OM+rice&upland crop OM rice&upland crop OM (organic manures) are applied 10t/ha for rice paddy and 15t/ha for upland crop

12 Numerical model (DNDC rice) fitting on CH4 emission from Japanese rice paddy field (Dr. T. Fumoto, NIAES).

13 Estimation methods for CH4 and N2O emissions from field burning of agricultural residues

14 Rice straw residue management

15 Proportionsof residue to crop yield dry matterin residue Proportions of residue to crop yield, dry matter in residue, carbon content, proportion burned in field and oxidation rate.

16 CH4 and N2O emissions from field burning of agriculture residues.