FPR TRIALS ON CASSAVA INTERCROPPING AND WEED CONTROL IN VIETNAM

Transcription

1 FPR TRIALS ON CASSAVA INTERCROPPING AND WEED CONTROL IN VIETNAM

2 FARMER PARTICIPING RESEARCH IN VIETNAM FPR TRIALS: NEW VARIETIES FERTILIZERS SOIL EROSION INTERCROPPING WEED CONTROL

3 N resource + residues CASSAVA INTERCROPPING best use of land INTRODUCTION wide space slow initial development higher total income less erosion yield of interplanted crops completely cover the soil maintaining soil fertility

4 Chart 1: Number of FPR trials on cassava intercropping in Vietnam EFFECTIVE FACTORS kind of intercrop spacing growth duration time of planting fertility of the soil climatic conditions

5 INTERCROPS The most suitable crop combination depends on: soil varieties. climatic conditions availability of labor market conditions Soils Regions North Central South Clay X X X Clay loam X X X Sandy loam X X Sandy clay loam X X

6 Characteristics Clay Clay loam Sandy loam Sandy clay loam Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay%) ph OM (%) P (ppm) Ca (meq/1g) Mg (meq/1g) K (meq/1g)

7 Intercrops Regions North Central South Peanut X X X Mungbean X X X Maize X X Black bean X X Red bean X Cowpea X Soybean X Watermelon X

8 SPACING Intercrops: 1 row 2 rows Cassava: 1 x 1 m (1. plants/ha) GROWTH DURATION Intercrops: 45 9 days CASSAVA VARIETY: KM 94 FERTILIZER: TIME OF PLANTING INTERCROPS Before planting cassava 15 days At the same time as cassava After planting cassava 15 days

9 IN THE NORTH Ha Tay province RESULTS Table 1. Average results of three FPR intercropping trials conducted by farmers in Tran Phu commune, Chuong My district, Ha Tay, Vietnam in 2/1. Cassava Intercrop Gross Product. Net Farmers yield yield income 2) costs 3) income preference Treatments (t/ha) (t/ha) ( dong/ha) (%) Cassava monoculture ,79 3,9 4,89 C+peanut (1 row) ,185 5,143 9,42 C+peanut (2 rows) ,929 5,386 12, C+blackbean (1 row) ) 8,181 5,2 3,161 C+blackbean (2 rows) ) 7,749 5,14 2,69

10 Table 2. Average results of three FPR intercropping trials conducted by farmers in Tran Phu commune, Chuong My district of Ha Tay province in 21. Cropping system 1) Cassava Intercrop Gross Production Net Farmers root yield yield income 2 costs income preference (t/ha) (t/ha) ( dong/ha) (%) 1. Cassava monoculture , C+ 1 row of peanut , C+ 2 rows of peanut , C+ mungbean , C+ watermelon ,627

11 Table 3. Average results of four FPR intercropping trials conducted by farmers in Thach Hoa commune, Thach That district of Ha Tay province in 21. Cropping system 1) Cassava Peanut Gross Production Net Farmers yield yield income 2 costs income preference (t/ha) (t/ha) ( dong/ha) (%) 1. Cassava monoculture ,47 2. C+1 row of peanut , C+2 rows of peanut , C+3 rows of peanut ,7 (Source: Trinh phuong Loan et al., 21)

12 Tuyen Quang province Table 4. Results of an FPR intercropping trial conducted by a farmer in Hong Tien commune of Son Duong district in Tuyen Quang province in 21. Yield (t/ha) Gross Production costs 2) Net Farmers Treatments 1) income ( dong//ha) income preference (%) 3) ,8 4,33 7, ,77 5,53 9, ,65 5,58 11, ,35 5,63 12, Cassava monoculture 2. C +maize 3. C +mungbean 4. C +peanut

13 Table 5. Results of an FPR intercropping trial conducted by a farmer in Am Thang commune of Son Duong district in Tuyen Quang province in 21. Cropping system 1) Yield (t/ha) Gross income 2 Production costs 2) ( dong//ha) Net income Farmers preference (%) 3) ,5 4,33 3, ,795 5,53 12, , 5,58 12, ,35 5,63 8, Cassava monoculture 2. C +maize (Source: Nguyen the Dang et al., 21)) 3. C +mungbean 4. C +peanut

14 Phu Tho province Table 6. Results of two FPR intercropping trials conducted by farmers in Thong Nhat commune, Phu Ninh district, Phu Tho, in 21/2. Cassava yield Intercrop yield Gross Product Net Treatments 1) (t/ha) (t/ha) income 2) costs 2) income C monoculture ,32 4,539 1,781 C+peanut ,4 6,374 5,26 C+black bean ,375 6,374 1,1 (Source: Thai Phien et al., 21) (Mil. Dong/ha)

15 Yen bai province Table 7. Results of FPR intercropping trial conducted by farmer in Hung Yen commune, Van Yen district, Yen Bai, in 21 Cassava Intercrop Gross Product. Net Farmers Treatments yield yield income costs income preference (t/ha) (t/ha) ( dong/ha) (%) 1. Cassava monoculture ,4 4,2 8,2 2. C+ peanut (1 row) ,6 6,6 1, 3. C+ peanut (2 rows) ,8 7,6 12,2 3 (before planting cassava 15 days) 4. C+ peanut (1 row) ,3 6,6 9,7 5. C+ peanut (2 rows) ,3 11,7 7 (at the same time as cassava) 6. C+ peanut (1 row) ,7 6,6 9,1 7. C+ peanut (2 row) ,8 7,6 9,2 (after planting cassava 15 days) (Source: Vu thi Luu et al., 21)

16 Farmers' preference (%) Ha Tay Tuyen Quang Yen Bai Province Chart 2: Farmers' preference for "cassava + peanut" in the North Viet Nam

17 IN THE CENTRAL Table 7. Average results of two FPR intercropping trials conducted by farmers in Thuong Long village, Hong Ha commune, A Luoi district, Thua ThienHue, Vietnam in 2. Treatments Cassava Starch Intercrop Gross Product Net Farmers yield content yield income 1) costs 2) income preference (t/ha) (%) (t/ha) ( dong/ha) (%) 1.Cassava ,57 1,8 1,77 monoculture 2.C+red bean ,5 2,94 3, C+peanut ,985 4,6 1,925 4.C+black bean ,52 2,94 3, C+mungbean ,165 3,18 2,985 54

18 Table 8. Results of an FPR intercropping and fertilizer application trial conducted by farmers in Thuong Long commune, Nam Dong district of Thua Thien Hue province in 21/2. Cropping system Cassava yield (t/ha) Starch content %) Intercrop yield (t/ha) no fert with fert no fert with fert no fert. with fert 1. Cassava monoculture C + red bean C + peanut C + black bean C+ mungbean

19 Cropping system Gross income 2) Product. costs 2) Net income Farmers preference ( dong/ha) ( dong/ha) ( dong/ha) (%) no fert with fert. no fert with fert. no fert with fert. no fert with fert. 1. Cassava monoculture 4,95 13, 1,8 3,7 3,15 9,3 2. C + red bean 6,6 15,475 2,94 4,84 3,66 1, C + peanut 6,95 15,55 4,28 5,928 2,922 9, C + black bean 6,35 14,7 2,94 4,84 3,41 9, C+ mung bean 6,6 15,2 3,18 5,8 3,42 1,12 74 (Source: Nguyen thi Cach et al., 21)

20 Farmers' preference (%) peanut red bean mungbean Chart 3: Farmers' preference of cassava intercropping in the central Hue

21 IN THE SOUTH Table 9. Average results of three FPR intercropping trials conducted by farmers in An Vien village, Thong Nhat district, Dong Nai, Vietnam in 2/1. Treatments Cassava Intercrop Gross Product Net Farmers yield yield income 1) costs 2) income preference (t/ha) (t/ha) ( dong/ha) (%) C.monoculture 3.6 8,874 4,298 4,576 5 C+peanut ,781 5,248 4,533 5 C+cowpea ,928 4,798 2,13 C+mungbean ,625 4,698 3,927

22 Table 1. Average results of three FPR intercropping trials conducted by farmers in An Vien village, Thong Nhat district of Dongnai, Vietnam in 21/2. Treatments Yield (t/ha) Gross Product. Net Farmers income 1) costs income preference cassava peanut ( dong/ha) (%) 1. Cassava monoculture ,243 4,651 7, C+ peanut (1 row) ,994 5,51 8, C+ peanut (2 rows) ,97 5,451 7,456 2

23 Table 11. Average results of two FPR intercropping trials conducted by farmers in Dong Tam village, Dong Xoai district, Binh Phuoc, Vietnam in 2/1. Treatments Cassava Intercrop Gross Product Net Farmers yield yield income 1) costs 2) income preference (t/ha) (t/ha) ( dong/ha) (%) Cassava monoculture ,767 3,879 4,888 6 C+cowpea C+peanut C+mungbean ,56 9,889 8,613 4,359 5,139 4,299 4,147 4,75 4,314 4 (Source: Nguyen huu Hy et al., 21)

24 Table 12. Average results of two FPR intercropping trials conducted by farmers in Suoi Rao village, Chau Duc district, BariaVungtau, Vietnam in 2/1. treatments Cassava Starch yield content (t/ha) (%) 1C.monoculture 2.C+peanut 3.C+mungbean 4.C+maize Intercrop yield (t/ha) Gross income 1) Product costs 2) Net income Farmers preference ( dong/ha) (%) 1,839 14,89 14,394 13,467 6,843 8,36 7,6 8,2 3,996 6,53 6,794 5,

25 Table 13. Average results of three FPR intercropping trials conducted by farmers in Suoi Rao and Son Binh villages of Chau Duc district, BariaVungtau, Vietnam in 21/2. Treatments Yield (t/ha) Starch content Gross income 1) Product. costs Net income Farmers preference cassava intercrop (%) ( dong/ha) (%) 1.Cassava monoculture 31.88a ,534 7,116 1, C+peanut 3.C+mungbean 4.C+soybean 5.C+maize 3.74a 29.81a 34.54a 21.b ,85 2,386 18,997 14,829 1,71 8,64 8,62 8,588 15,134 11,743 1,377 6, C.V. (%)12.16 LSD (.5) (Source: Tran thi Dung et al., 21)

26 Farmers' preference (%) Mungbean peanut Series1 Series2 Monoculture Dong Nai Binh Phuoc BRVT Province Chart 4:Farmers' preference of cassava intercropping in the South Viet Nam

27 Cassava (t/ha) N th C t SNorth l Central Net income dong South 5 Peanut (t/ha) cassava (t/ ha) Peanut (t/ ha) Net income('dong) Yiel and net income of cassava+peanut in Vietnam Yield and net income of "cassava + peanut" in Viet Nam

28 CONCLUSION Cassava intercopping: feasible and adoptable system for poor farmers (limited land and capital) in small fars, on slope areas, with labor available The best practice: *Intercrops: Cassava + peanut or Cassava + mungbean *Population: 1. cassava plants/ha 2 rows of intercrops *Variety: non or late branching, high starch content *Planting time: before or at the same time *Fertilizers: 848 or 668

29 Cassava + mungbean

30 WEED CONTROL INTRODUCTION Weed control: reduce competition of light, water, nutrient increase root yields Methods: Hand weeding Herbicide lack of labor Plastic covering produce on a large scale reduce cost of production environmental pollution

31 Weed control period: 2 or 3 month after planting 2 or 3 times for hand weeding CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL Dual : pre emergency herbicide Round up, Gramoxon: post emergency herbicide 2 l /ha From planting to 3 months after

32 RESULTS Table 14. Average results of three FPR weed control trials conducted by farmers in An Vien village, Thong Nhat district, Dong Nai, Vietnam in 2/1. Weed control treatments Cassava Gross Product. Net Farmers root yield income 1) costs 1) income preference (t/ha) ( dong/ha) (%) Weed control by hand ,731 4,298 3,433 3 Weed control by 2. l ,526 3,878 4,648 7 Dual/ha+1HW

33 Table 15. Average results of three FPR weed control trials conducted by farmers in An Vien village, Thong Nhat district of Dongnai, Vietnam in 21/2. Weed control treatments Cassava yield Gross income 2) Weed control costs Production costs Net income Farmers preferenc (t/ha) ( dong/ha) (%) Weeding by hand (3x) ,868 1,6 4,651 9,217 4 Application of Dual (2 l/ha) , ,571 9,596 4 Soil covered with plastic ,78 5, 8,51 8,27 2 (Source: Nguyen huu Hy et al., 21)

34 CONCLUSION Weed control: reduce the cost of cassava production better yield and net income * Weeding time: 2 or 3months after planting * Hand weeding:2 or 3 times (weed population, soil fertility, rainfall, cropping sytem) * Herbicide: preemergency herbicide Dual (2l/ha) (predominant weed species) * Plastic covering: high cost

35 THANK YOU