Twenty-eighth meeting Report Annex 1 Page 1

Transcription

1 Twenty-eghth meetng Page 1 A/R Methodologcal Tool Tool for estmaton of changes n sol organc carbon stocks due to the mplementaton of A/R CDM project actvtes (Verson 01) 1. SCOPE, APPLICABILITY AND PARAMETERS Scope Ths tool estmates the annual change n sol organc carbon (SOC) stocks of land wthn the boundary of an afforestaton or reforestaton actvty under the CDM (A/R CDM) project actvty. Applcablty The tool s applcable to areas of land that are elgble for A/R CDM project actvty and where all the followng condtons on sols and sol management are met: Parameters (a) The area of land does not contan organc sols 1 (e.g. peat-land); (b) The land does not fall nto wetland 2 category; (c) Ltter shall reman on ste and not be removed n the A/R CDM project actvty; and (d) Ploughng/rppng/scarfcaton attrbutable to the A/R CDM project actvty, f any, s: () Done n accordance wth approprate sol conservaton practces, e.g. follows the land contour; () Lmted to the frst fve years from the year of ntal ste preparaton; () Not repeated, f at all, wthn a perod of 20 years. Ths tool provdes a procedure to determne the followng parameter: Parameter Unt Descrpton Δ SOC t t C Annual change n sol organc carbon stock for year t 2. PROCEDURE Project partcpants shall apply the followng steps: Step 1: For the purposes of ths tool, the project area shall be stratfed 3 accordng to: (a) Sol type; (b) Pre-project land use: e.g. grassland, long-term cultvated cropland, short-term cultvated 1 Organc sols as defned e.g. n the Good Practce Gudance for Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry (IPCC, 2003). 2 Wetlands, settlements, cropland and grassland are land categores as defned n the Good Practce Gudance for Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry (IPCC, 2003). 3 Ths stratfcaton s lmted to the applcaton of ths tool only.

2 Twenty-eghth meetng Page 2 cropland; mproved grassland, moderately degraded grassland and/or severely degraded grassland; (c) Pre-project management actvty: e.g. full-, reduced-, no-tll; (d) Pre-project nputs: e.g. use of resdues, manure, fertlzers; (e) Fracton of area to be subjected to ploughng/rppng/scarfcaton n the project; () Not more than 10%; () More than 10%; (f) Year of ste preparaton. Step 2: Intal sol organc carbon stock shall be estmated as follows: SOC INITIAL, SOCREF, * flu, * fmg, * fin, = (1) where: SOC Sol organc carbon stock at the begnnng of an A/R CDM project actvty n INITIAL, stratum ; t C ha -1 SOC REF, Reference sol organc carbon stock correspondng to the reference condton n natve lands (.e. non-degraded, unmproved lands under natve vegetaton normally forest) by clmate regon and sol type, n the stratum ; t C ha -1 f, Stock change factor for land-use n stratum ; dmensonless LU f Stock change factor for management regme n stratum ; dmensonless MG, f IN, Stock change factor for nput of organc matter n stratum ; dmensonless The values of SOC REF, f LU,, f MG,, and f IN, shall be selected from the followng sources n order of preference (.e. the frst-mentoned source s the most preferred): (a) Peer-revewed scentfc publcatons relatng to local condtons; (b) Relevant natonal nventores (e.g. sol nventory, forest nventory, or GHG nventory); (c) Country/regon-specfc data; (d) Tables 1-4 of ths tool. Step 3: For each stratum whch s subjected to ploughng/rppng/scarfcaton attrbutable to project actvty wthn the frst fve years from the year of frst ste preparaton and for whch the total area dsturbed s greater than 10% of the area of the stratum, the followng carbon loss shall be accounted: SOC = SOC * 0.1 (2) LOSS, INITIAL, For all other strata: SOC LOSS, = 0 (3)

3 Twenty-eghth meetng Page 3 where: SOC Loss of sol organc carbon caused by ploughng/rppng/scarfcaton under LOSS, the A/R CDM project actvty, n stratum ; t C ha The approxmate proporton of SOC lost wthn the frst fve years from the year of ste preparaton Step 4: The annual change n sol organc carbon stock n project scenaro untl the steady state n sol organc carbon content s s reached (assumed n 20 years from the tme of the frst ste preparaton) s estmated as: ΔSOC, = 0 for t < t PREP, or t > t PREP, +20; (4) t SOCLOSS, Δ SOCt, = for t = t PREP, ; and (5) 1 year SOCREF, ( SOCINITIAL, SOCLOSS, ) Δ SOCt, = 20 years for t PREP, < t (t PREP, +20 or t END, whchever s earler) (6) where: Δ SOC t, The annual change n sol organc carbon stock n stratum ; t C ha -1 t PREP, t END The year n whch ntal ste preparaton takes place, for stratum The last year of the last credtng perod SOC Loss of sol organc carbon caused by ste preparaton under the A/R CDM LOSS, project actvty, n stratum ; t C ha -1 SOC REF, Reference sol organc carbon stock correspondng to the reference condton n natve lands (.e. non-degraded, unmproved lands under natve vegetaton normally forest) by clmate regon and sol type, n the stratum ; t C ha -1 SOC Sol organc carbon stock at the begnnng of an A/R CDM project actvty INITIAL, n stratum ; t C ha -1 Step 5: Consderng uncertantes and nherent lmtaton of the precson of a factor-based estmaton used under ths tool, the value of sol organc carbon stock change n a year shall not be accounted as more than 0.8 tc/ha, that s: If ΔSOC t, > 0.8 t C ha -1 then ΔSOC t, = 0.8 t C ha -1 (7) Step 6: The annual change n SOC for the project s calculated as: ΔSOC, = A ΔSOC, (8) PROJECT t t

4 Twenty-eghth meetng Page 4 where: Δ SOC PROJECT, t The annual change n sol organc carbon stocks for the project; t C/yr A The area of stratum ; ha Δ SOC t, The annual change n sol organc carbon stocks n stratum ; t C ha -1 yr -1

5 Twenty-eghth meetng Page 5 Table 1 4 DEFAULT REFERENCE (UNDER NATIVE VEGETATION) SOIL ORGANIC C STOCKS (SOCREF) FOR MINERAL SOILS (TONNES C HA-1 IN 0-30 CM DEPTH) HAC LAC Sandy Spodc Volcanc Clmate regon sols 1 sols 2 sols 3 sols 4 sols 5 Boreal 68 NA Cold temperate, dry NA 20 Cold temperate, most Warm temperate, dry NA 70 Warm temperate, most NA 80, dry NA 50, most NA 70, wet NA * 63* 34* NA 80* 1 Sols wth hgh actvty clay (HAC) mnerals are lghtly to moderately weathered sols, whch are domnated by 2:1 slcate clay mnerals (n the World Reference Base for Sol Resources (WRB) classfcaton these nclude Leptosols, Vertsols, Kastanozems, Chernozems, Phaeozems, Luvsols, Alsols, Albeluvsols, Solonetz, Calcsols, Gypssols, Umbrsols, Cambsols, Regosols; n USDA classfcaton ncludes Mollsols, Vertsols, hgh-base status Alfsols, Ardsols, Inceptsols). 2 Sols wth low actvty clay (LAC) mnerals are hghly weathered sols, domnated by 1:1 clay mnerals and amorphous ron and alumnum oxdes (n WRB classfcaton ncludes Acrsols, Lxsols, Ntsols, Ferralsols, Dursols; n USDA classfcaton ncludes Ultsols, Oxsols, acdc Alfsols). 3 Includes all sols (regardless of taxonomc classfcaton) havng > 70% sand and < 8% clay, based on standard textural analyses (n WRB classfcaton ncludes Arenosols; n USDA classfcaton ncludes Psamments). 4 Sols exhbtng strong podzolzaton (n WRB classfcaton ncludes Podzols; n USDA classfcaton Spodosols) 5 Sols derved from volcanc ash wth allophanc mneralogy (n WRB classfcaton Andosols; n USDA classfcaton Andsols) 4 Source: 2006 IPCC Gudelnes for Natonal Greenhouse Gas Inventores, IPCC, 2006)

6 Twenty-eghth meetng Page 6 Table 2 5 RELATIVE STOCK CHANGE FACTORS (FLU, and FMG) (OVER 20 YEARS) FOR DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ON CROPLAND Factor value type Level Temperature regme Mosture regme IPCC defaults Descrpton and crtera Land use (FLU) Longterm cultvated Temperate/ Dry 0.80 Boreal Most 0.69 Dry 0.58 Most/Wet 0.48 Area has been contnuously managed for crops for more than 20 years Land use (FLU) Tllage Shortterm cultvated (< 20 yrs) or set asde (< 5 years) Full n/a 0.64 Temperate/ Dry 0.93 Boreal and Most/Wet 0.82 All n/a 0.88 Dry and Most/Wet 1.00 Area has been managed for crops for less than 20 years and/or the area s cropland that has been n a fallow state for less than 5 years at any pont durng the last 20 years Substantal sol dsturbance wth full nverson and/or frequent (wthn year) tllage operatons. At plantng tme, lttle (e.g. <30%) of the surface s covered by resdues Tllage Reduced Temperate/ Boreal Dry 1.02 Most 1.08 Dry 1.09 Most/Wet 1.15 n/a 1.09 Prmary and/or secondary tllage but wth reduced sol dsturbance (usually shallow and wthout full sol nverson). Normally leaves surface wth >30% coverage by resdues at plantng Tllage No-tll Temperate/ Dry 1.10 Boreal Most 1.15 Dry 1.17 Most/Wet 1.22 n/a 1.16 Drect seedng wthout prmary tllage, wth only mnmal sol dsturbance n the seedng zone. Herbcdes are typcally used for weed control 5 Source: 2006 IPCC Gudelnes for Natonal Greenhouse Gas Inventores, IPCC, 2006)

7 Twenty-eghth meetng Page 7 Table 3 6 RELATIVE STOCK CHANGE FACTORS (FI) (OVER 20 YEARS) FOR DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES ON CROPLAND Factor value type Input (FI) Input (FI) Input (FI) Input (FI) Level Low Medum Hgh wth-out manure Hgh wth manure Temperature regme Temperate/ Boreal All Mosture regme IPCC defaults Dry 0.95 Most 0.92 Dry 0.95 Most/ Wet 0.92 n/a 0.94 Dry and Most/ Wet 1.00 Temperate/ Dry 1.04 Boreal and Most/ Wet 1.11 n/a 1.08 Temperate/ Dry 1.37 Boreal and Most/ Wet 1.44 n/a 1.41 Descrpton Low resdue return occurs when there s removal of resdues (va collecton or burnng), or frequent bare-fallowng, or producton of crops yeldng low resdues (e.g. vegetables, tobacco, cotton), or no mneral fertlzaton or N-fxng crops. removal of resdues (va collecton or burnng) Representatve for annual croppng wth cereals where all crop resdues are returned to the feld. If resdues are removed then supplemental organc matter (e.g. manure) s added. Also requres mneral fertlzaton or N-fxng crop n rotaton Represents sgnfcantly greater crop resdue nputs over medum C nput croppng systems due to addtonal practces, such as producton of hgh resdue yeldng crops, use of green manures, cover crops, mproved vegetated fallows, rrgaton, frequent use of perennal grasses n annual crop rotatons, but wthout manure appled (see row below) Represents sgnfcantly hgher C nput over medum C nput croppng systems due to an addtonal practce of regular addton of anmal manure 6 Source: 2006 IPCC Gudelnes for Natonal Greenhouse Gas Inventores, IPCC, 2006)

8 Twenty-eghth meetng Page 8 Table 4 7 RELATIVE STOCK CHANGE FACTORS (OVER 20 YEARS) FOR GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT Factor Level Clmate regme Land use (FLU) Management Management Management Management IPCC default All All 1.0 Non-degraded grassland Moderately degraded grassland All 1.0 Temperate/Boreal Montane 0.96 Severely degraded All 0.7 Improved grassland Temperate /Boreal Montane 1.17 Defnton All permanent grassland s assgned a land-use factor of 1 Represents non-degraded and sustanably managed grassland, but wthout sgnfcant management mprovements Represents overgrazed or moderately degraded grassland, wth somewhat reduced productvty (relatve to the natve or nomnally managed grassland) and recevng no management nputs Lands are dentfed as degraded lands usng the Tool for the dentfcaton of degraded or degradng lands for consderaton n mplementng CDM A/R project actvtes Represents grassland whch s sustanably managed wth moderate grazng pressure and that receves at least one mprovement (e.g. fertlzaton, speces mprovement, rrgaton) Input (FI ) Low/Medum All 1.0 Hgh All 1.11 All grassland wthout nput of fertlzers s assgned an nput factor of 1 Grasslands wth drect applcaton of fertlzers - organc or norganc 7 Source: 2006 IPCC Gudelnes for Natonal Greenhouse Gas Inventores, IPCC, 2006)

9 Twenty-eghth meetng Page 9 Hstory of the document Verson Date Nature of revson(s) 01 EB 55, Annex # 30 July 2010 To be consdered at EB 55. Decson Class: Regulatory Document Type: Tool Busness Functon: Methodology