Growth and development of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown under water stress

Transcription

1 Growth and development of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown under water stress Singer S.M., Helmy Y.I., Karas A.N., Abou-Hadid A.F. in Choukr-Allah R. (ed.). Protected cultivation in Mediterranean region Paris : CIHEAM / IAV Hassan II Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n pages Article available on line / Article disponible en ligne à l adresse : To cite this article / Pour citer cet article Singer S.M., Helmy Y.I., Karas A.N., Abou-Hadid A.F. Growth and development of bean plants ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown under water stress. In : Choukr-Allah R. (ed.). Protected cultivation in Mediterranean region. Paris : CIHEAM / IAV Hassan II, p (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 31)

2 AND BEAN A.N. and A.F., Cairo, Egypt. Abstract: two successiveseasonsof 1994/1995 to investigate influence of and fi-uiting of two snap bean at fourth leaf stage and stress (50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of bean obtained showed that plant height, hìt set both cultivars affected length 100% of field capacity of Giza3 was 75%.total well as obtained it can concluded that 1001 l/o and 75% of in From in most L.) is one of in Egypt that occupies a in local Common bean is known as a sensitive plant to El-Saeid, 1981 mentioned that bean plants grown at 90%of field of pods to those maintained at 54% of field and Soliman, 1985 studied effect of on tomato plant and found a in plant height, leaf An in was also Also, al., 1985 found that with of yield losses of with plant size and is of total al., 1986). can have a damaging effect on snap sensitivity of plant to soja and soja, 1989 found that faba beans' significantly in sensitivity to On a1.,1990 found that faba beans' yields equally sensitive to all developmental phases. Also, that to its leaf expansion slightly This to study effect of 100 and 125% of field capacity) on of two snap bean (Giza 3 egyptian conditions. 241

3 successive seasons, 1994 and 1995 in a investigate effect of as a of field capacity (by of bean vulguris L.) Seeds of bean vulgaris L. in peatmoss At leaf stage, seedlings 20 cm in Each pot was filled with 4 of field capacity of whichwas13.5% (basedonweight of soil). to a /60 % day/night and light intensity a a day. The application of when plants and to to (125%, loo%, 75%, 50% of field capacity by weight). The of field capacity) was applied once at beginning of as mean of amount of to 100% of those pots to excessive two to compensate by soil in at loo%, 75%, 50% of field capacity, as a with (8 pots / All data to statistical analysis to value of least at 5% was calculated to two means The following of Total content (in unit) using digital by using a digital leaf USA) and of of to (1961) and total (dl00 gm of to Chapman and (1961) at end of Vegetative growth and flowering a- Plant height The height of plants was significantly affected by changes in soil 1). two successive seasons. that Giza3 endof 50% equal in with Soja and Soja (1989) who stated that of faba beans as well as in 242

4 The of planightcould be in plantphotosyntic efficiency as by al., (1990); (1990); (1991) and Castonguay and (1992). 1 (Bronco) (G iza3 J numbers levels Water-stress ~~ Figure 1. Effect of water-stress levels on plant height (cm) As shown in fig. in was a significant An in plants exposed to levels of (50%) that in a leaf abscission by ' end of that was one of main mecdanisms by which plants adapted to with indication of (1991). Figure 2. Effect of water-stress levels on accumulated number of leaves per plant Cahiers Options vol31 243

5 c- Chlorophyll content fìom data shown in fig. (3) that total as amount of 75% subjecting to (50% of field capacity) caused a in total contents. These could be a of a a photosystem modification as et. al., et. al., That could be explained as a of between which mean that to than and Soliman (1983). total? Figure 3. Effect of water-stress levels on total chlorophyll content (d) area: Leaf as shown in at end of had a Gim3 in leaf That could be due to its sensitivity to excess of al., (1992)). could be concluded that most both 75%, plants to a of 50% of field in of that by soja and soja Cahiers Options vol31 244

6 W 1200 L ea * 600 n. S S S W N W I... m, W N W ater stress levels,n, S S S Figure 4. Effect of water-stress levels on total leaf area (cm2).c1 W m Percentage of leaves dry matter content per m2, of leaves area: Leaves as m2 of leaves by soil an ability to a significantly than 100% and excessive fkom but was 50% is obvious that ability of that could be explained as of in content and consequently plant photosynsis as et. al., 1990 pointed out h v i F.er d 3 * O 125% 100% 75% 50% 125% 100% 75% 50% Water-stress levels Figure 5. Effixt of water-stress levels on leaves dry matter (gm) per m2 of leaves area 245

7 f- Number of flowers and fruit set The effect of on is shown in fig. (6). The of 3 days. 125% of field of than by 4-5 days and 50% of field capacity was onset of those obtained by (1991). (125% and 50%), Gim3 obtained a fiuit set as shown in fig. (7) but almost 85% of those pods failed to develop. by end of all had been abscised and hit set was se to that (1983). / Gh3 a of to out two weeks n stopped since application until end of. 125% % --f- 75% 50% Figure 6. Effect of water-stress levels on accumulated number of flowers per plant 125% 100% 75% 50% 125% 100% 75% 50% Water-stress levels Figure 7. Effect of water-stress levels on fruit set percentage Cahiers Optìóns 246

8 Yield characters a- Number of marketable pods produced by bean plants: of as shown in table (1). by Table 1: Effect of some water stress levels on pods number and weight per plant Treatments Bronco No. of Weight(gm) pods No. ofpods Weight 125% % % % was an in amount of to a limit. by field capacity) and a of all that be due to exposing plants to a to be a of timing of as evident that yield significantly. On of field capacity up to The most suitable in to of field 75% of field capacity in et. al., (1991). b- Percentage of pod total fiber content An as (8) that quality' of snap bean pod, which is total al., 1991). shown, it is obvious that total content of that had maximum than to by as was significant. be due to high canopy Cahiers Options VOEU 247

9 I 100% 125% 75% 50% Water-stress levels l t t 1- L 125% T 100% 75% 1 Figure 8. Effect of water-stress levels on pod fiber percentage 50% c- Percentage of pod total protein content The total content is that plays an of is obvious fig. (9) that total which showed of 75% of field capacity and as mentioned so total this The * 'B 10 2 :t- O& 125% lw? 75% 50% 125% 1Wh 75% Water&ws levels Figure 9. Effect of water-stress levels on pod total protein content Cahiers Qptions ikléditerranéennes V O L ~ ~ 248

10 F.; F.; Agata, W. Faculty of mungbean plant in to [C.f. Field uptake and some physiological and in sorgum [C.F. on Anisa, on seed yield and quality of climbing bean housa. Egypt 22 (1): (1995). Effect of sowing date and plant spacing vulgaris L.) CV. oxidation cycle Fock, fluxes Castonguay, Y. Leaf gas bean 4, Chapman, and Pratt, P.F. (1961). analysis soil, Comic, G.; Briantais, (1989). and high light on photosynsis of two C3 plants vu1garis.l) and (Lown.). Cselotel, and Varga, G.Y.(1987). The effect of on time of 220, El-Beltagy, A.S. and Soliman. (1983). Effwt on of Egypt 12, N0.2 :l% Thesis Univ. of Effect of on vulgaris. (1987). that may save lives of many. P.; [C.f. of Adaptation of faba beans (Vicia baba L.) to A.]., W, J. B.; 8. N. (1990). of faba beans (vicia faba ) a sub-humid climate. to 1, [C.f. Jaspers, J.G.; Wanjura, and (1984). to fiom 75( 1): 177. v

11 B.A.., P.J. Staffella, Sandsted and flooding on of young black beans. J. Sci. 110: edition, USA. of plants to Vol., Flooding effects snap bean yield and genotype gas exchange and J. Soe. Sci. 117 (5): Nunez-Barrious, A. (1991). on of beans vulgaris L.) at of A. (1990). AQUA, a model to in and of leaves and isolate (1983). Sibernagel, Wilhelmus,J.andJeremy, (1991). genetic Ltd, Sistrunk, W.A..; Gonzalez, and Snedicor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G.(1980). Ames, USA. Soja, and Soja, (1989). of faba beans (yicia faba L. ) and pass ( sativum L. ) in. fut und [ C.f O051 Vieira, Bergamaschi, Amgelocci, and bean diffusion, -24(9) in to vo