Bed-Furrow research at WMRC-UAF confirms:

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1 Dissemination of Raised Bed Technology to Address Water Shortages in Irrigated Areas A Review of Technology Transfer Project funded by FDTTPC, UAF Principal Investigator Prof. Dr. Rai Niaz Ahmad Dean Faculty of Agri. Engg. & Tech/ Director Water Management Research Centre, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

2 Review of Raised Bed Technology Bed-Furrow research at WMRC-UAF confirms: Water saving: Up to 50% Improved fertilizer use efficiency Better control on weeds Reduced crop lodging Less seed rate Yield increase by 20 to 25 percent 4/13/2012 2

3 Project Objectives 1) To introduce University Bed Planter to grow maize and cotton on bed-furrow system for improving their water productivity; 2) To demonstrate Raised Bed Technology and Laser Land Leveling at Farmer s fields in comparison with traditional irrigation practices; 3) To search and address the constraints, both at the farmers and technology level, to adopt the raised bed technology among farming community. 4/13/2012 3

4 Methodology Meeting with farmers to introduce Raised Bed Technology for cotton and maize Gap between irrigation supply and demand? Demonstration of Raised Bed Technology along with LASER Land Leveling to reduce the gap between irrigation demands and supplies for cotton and maize 4/13/2012 4

5 Cotton Planting on Beds Issues: - Size of bed-furrow planting system - Density of plants on bed-furrow planting Concerns: - Plant population and yield - Water saving 4/13/2012 5

6 Flood / Conventional Irrigation method 1. Irrigation Application Efficiency: 55% 2. Poor Distribution Efficiency 3. Low Fertilizer Use Efficiency 4. Low Water Productivity 4/13/2012 6

7 Progress Made Zero cotton bed planting to 100 acres in 2008 to 600 acres in 2009 to >1000 acres in /13/2012 7

8 Farmers Group Meetings for Awareness 4/13/2012 8

9 Sites of Cotton Bed Planting (2008) Name of farmer Village Area Sown (acre) Haji M. Ashfaq 250 GB 2.5 Faqir Hussain 251 GB 7 M.Akmal S/O Faqir M. 253 GB 9 Gulzar Anjum 256 GB 8 M. Sadique 258 GB 3 Rashid Ali 258 GB 1.5 Ch. Ashfaq 369 JB 2 Total 33 4/13/2012 9

10 Ashfaq Farm-369/JB 4/13/

11 250/GB and 251/GB 4/13/

12 253/GB 4/13/

13 Data Collection Germination Data Measurement of Irrigation Depth Crop yields and growth parameters Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil Feed back from farmers regarding improvements in machine 4/13/

14 Sr. # Yield increase: Cotton Bed Planting 2008 Farmer Name Village Variety Date of sowing Cotton yield (Kg/ha) Bed Planting Ridge Planting % Increase in yield 1 M. Akmal 253-GB BT M. Sadique 258-GB BT Rashid Ali 258-GB BT ChAshfaq 369-JB BT Khurram Shahzad 258-GB BT M. Irfan Akhtar 258-GB BT Sultan Ahmed 258-GB BT Average % 4/13/

15 Sr. # Water saving: cotton bed planting 2008 Farmer Name Village Variety Date of sowing Total irrigation hours Bed Planting Ridge Planting % Water saving 1 M. Akmal 253-GB BT M. Sadique 258-GB BT Rashid Ali 258-GB BT Ch Ashfaq 369-JB BT Khurram Shahzad 258-GB BT M. Irfan Akhtar 258-GB BT Sultan Ahmed 258-GB BT Average % 4/13/

16 Sites of Cotton Bed Planting (2009) Sr.# Farmer Name Chak Date of Variety Area Planted* No. sowing (Acres) Bed Flat Planting Planting 1 Mahmood 258/GB BT Sultan 2 M. Khalil Zia 254/GB BT121, BT M. Afzal 249/GB BT121, 8 4 BT601 4 M. Usman 251/GB BT MI M. Imran 258/GB BT Shahid Siddique 253/GB BT121, BT Total area planted (Acres) * > 600 acres of cotton bed planting was observed in the area 4/13/

17 Cotton Bed Planting (2009) 4/13/

18 Cotton Bed Planting (2009) 4/13/

19 Yield increase: Cotton Bed Planting 2009 Sr. # 1 2 Farmer Name Mahmood Sultan M. Khalil Zia Village Date of sowing Variety Cotton yield (Kg/ha) % Bed Planting Ridge Planting Increase in yield 258/GB BT /GB BT M. Afzal 249/GB BT M. Usman 251/GB BT M. Imran 258/GB BT Shahid Siddique 253/GB BT Average /13/

20 Sr. # 1 2 Water Saving: Cotton Bed Planting 2009 Farmer Name Mahmood Sultan M. Khalil Zia Village Date of sowing Variety Total irrigation hours Bed Planting Ridge Planting % Water saving 258/GB BT /GB BT M. Afzal 249/GB BT M. Usman 251/GB BT M. Imran 258/GB BT Shahid Siddique 253/GB BT Average /13/

21 Sites of Cotton Bed Planting (2010) Sr.# Farmer Name Chak No. Date of Area Planted* d*(a (Acres) sowing Bed Planting Flat Planting 1 M. Tanveer 258/GB M. Athar 258/GB M. Afzal 267/GB M. Irfan 251/GB M. Afzal 247/GB M. Ashraf 251/GB M. Naeem 249/GB M. Rizwan 251/GB Total area planted (Acres) * > 1000 acres of cotton bed planting was observed in the area 4/13/

22 Cotton Bed Planting (2010) 4/13/

23 Bed furrow planting vs. Ridge furrow planting of maize 4/13/

24 Progress Made Wheat Bed Planting Machine to Maize bed planter Two acres maize on bed planting to 40% of the total t maize on bed-furrow furrow, mostly in near by areas i.e. Killianwala and Gojra 4/13/

25 Development of Newly Developed Multi-Crop Bed Planter 4/13/

26 Front View 4/13/

27 Back View 4/13/

28 Testing of Bed Planter 4/13/

29 Maize on Beds 4/13/

30 Maize on Beds 4/13/

31 Maize on Beds 4/13/

32 Water saving in maize Sr.# Season Ttl Total area under trail (Acres) Total irrigation hours Bed Planting Flat Planting Water saving (%) 1 Autumn Spring Autumn Spring Average Water Saving /13/

33 Maize grain yield Sr.# Season Total area under trail (Acres) Grain Yield (kg/ha) Bed Planting Flat Planting Increase in Yield (%) 1 Autumn Spring Autumn Spring Average Increase in Grain Yield (%) /13/

34 Socio-economic Analysis Regarding Adoption of Raised Bed Technology 4/13/

35 Most Convincing Factor of Adoption Distribution of respondents regarding gmost convincing factor of Adoption Response Category Frequency Percentage Water Saving 38 95% Yield Increase 26 65% Time Saving 32 80% 4/13/

36 Awareness regarding bed planter's multi- crop capability Response Category (Awareness) Frequency Percentage Yes % No % Total % 4/13/

37 Opinion about the constraints to Adoption of Raised Bed Technology Response Category Frequency Percentage Non- availability of Machine 32 80% High Cost of Machine % Lack of Awareness 10 25% 4/13/

38 Distribution of respondents regarding the suggestions Response Category Frequency Percentage Govt. should subsidize Machine 36 90% Govt. should provide easy loans 32 80% Farmers should be trained 28 70% Machine should be publicized on rental basis % 4/13/

39 Use of Bed Planting Technology for Other Crops 4/13/

40 WHEAT 4/13/

41 AFZAL FARM at Kamalia - Mungi Crop outlook after 40 days Bed Planting Control (Flat sowing) 4/13/

42 EFFECT OF BED SOWING ON LODGING 4/13/

43 Rabi /13/

44 4/13/

45 4/13/

46 Harvesting of bed planted wheat 4/13/

47 HARVESTING Reaper Combine harvester Combine harvester Manual Manual 4/13/

48 Wheat Bed Planting Results 4/13/

49 Water Savings at Farmers Fields- Faisalabad Season % Water Saving in Bed Planting Khurrianwala Killianwala Mungi Rabi Rabi Rabi /13/

50 Wheat Grain Yield at Farmers Fields- Faisalabad Season Bed Planting (kg/ha) Conventional Planting (kg/ha) %age increase in Grain yield Rabi Rabi Rabi /13/

51 Inter cropping of sugarcane in wheat 4/13/

52 Intercropping of sugarcane in wheat 4/13/

53 Intercropping of sugarcane 4/13/

54 INTERCROPPING OF SUGARCANE IN BED PLANTED WHEAT Location # Area sown (acres) Yield Wheat (kg/ha) Sugarcane (t/ha) Rabi Rabi /13/

55 Rice Bed Planting 4/13/

56 Rice on Bed-Furrow System at Khurrianwala Line Sowing Rice on Beds Mulching Puddling 4/13/

57 4/13/

58 4/13/

59 Foreign delegate s visit to Rice Fields 4/13/

60 Results of Rice Bed Planting at Khurrianwala year Area under bed planting (acres) Avg. water saving (%) Average increase in yield (%) Kharif Kharif Kharif continued 4/13/

61 USE of BED PLANTING MACHINE for DRIP IRRIGATION 4/13/

62 Wheat on beds with drip laterals in the center of beds 4/13/

63 Wheat on beds with drip laterals in the center of beds 4/13/

64 Drip Irrigation with Maize on Beds 4/13/

65 Use of BED PLANTING in TUNNEL FARMING 4/13/

66 Tunnel farming (mungi site) Melon on beds 4/13/

67 4/13/