CHILE. Sectoral Activities Department. Community, Social & Personal Services. Fig. 1: Employment by Major Economic Activity ('000s),

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1 CHILE 7,000 6,000 5,000 Fig. 1: Employment by Major Economic Activity ('000s), Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishing Mining and Quarrying Community, Social & The community, social and personal services sector in Chile is comprised of various subsectors including public administration, defence, education, health, personal and household services, as well as international organizations and extra-territorial bodies. Overall, the sector employed 1.8 million people in 2008 (see Figs. 1 & 3). 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, Electricity, Gas and Water Wholesale, Retail Trade; and Hotels Transport, Storage and Financing, Insurance, Real Estate, Business Services Community, Social and Source: ILO Laborsta; Persons aged 15 years and over. Fourth quarter of each year. 2006: Break. Methodology revised; data not strictly comparable. ISIC Rev ,000,000 60,000,000 50,000,000 40,000,000 30,000,000 20,000,000 10,000, Source: Banco Central de Chile. Fig. 2: Sectoral Value Added (Million Pesos, Constant Prices) Agr. & Forestry Fishing Mining Utilities Trade/Hotels & Transport Fin. & Bus. Serv. Real Est. In 2009 public administration and defence employed approximately 380,000 workers, education approximately 500,000 and health approximately 300,000 workers. Combined, these subsectors employed more than 27 per cent of Chile s total workforce in 2008, more than any other sector. Employment growth in the sector has been steady since 2002, increasing at a compound annual rate of 2.6 per cent, slightly slower than the 2.8 per cent average rate for employment in the total economy. In Chile, collective bargaining is guaranteed at the company level. However, many workers in state-sponsored entities and workers with apprenticeship contract and those employed for specific tasks are excluded from collective bargaining. Even though strikes in the public sector are illegal, they account for a high proportion of all strikes in the country. While average weekly hours have been declining in all sectors in Chile, they have declined more rapidly in the community, social and personal services sector, and have consistently been the lowest of all major sector groupings. Average working hours across the total economy declined from 44.1 hours per week in 2000 to 40.6 in 2008, while within community, social and personal services, they declined from 40.4 to 37.4 hours per week in Average wages for this sector, at 325,000 pesos per month in 2005, were higher than the national average of 277,000 pesos per month, yet considerably lower than average wages in the mining, utilities and business services sectors. However, average monthly wages in the community, social and personal services sector have been growing much faster than in any other sector, at a compound average annual rate of 4.7 per cent compared to the national average growth rate of 3.1 per cent between 2000 and ,900 1,800 1,700 1,600 1,500 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 1,000 Fig. 3: Employment in Community, Social & ('000s) Source: ILO Laborsta; Persons aged 15 years and over. Fourth quarter of each year. 2006: Break. Methodology revised; data not strictly comparable. Sectoral Activities Department

2 CHILE 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 1, Wholesale & Retail Trade and Hotels & Fig. 4: Employment in Wholesale & Retail Trade, Hotels & Rest. ('000s), Source: ILO Laborsta; Persons aged 15 years and over. Fourth quarter of each year. 2006: Break. Methodology revised; data not strictly comparable. Commerce (also called wholesale and retail trade), here including hotels and restaurants employs nearly 20 per cent of the Chilean workforce, with more than 1.3 million employees working in the sector in 2008 (see Figs. 1 & 4). It was the second largest employer after community, social and personal services. In terms of economic output, the sector accounted for about 10 per cent of the country s 2008 GDP (see Fig. 2). Commerce sector employment in Chile grew from just under 1 million jobs at a steady annual average rate of about 3.6 from 2000 to 2008; faster than the national all-industry average growth rate of 2.8 per cent for the same period. In 2008, commerce employment accounted for more than 70 per cent of jobs in the broader services sector, with hotels and restaurants accounting for the remainder of total services employment. For 2008, wholesale merchandise exports reached USD 66.5 billion, while imports were USD 61.9 billion. Sixty-four per cent of the exports were fuels and mining products; agricultural products and manufactures respectively comprised the remaining 23.5 and 12.2 per cent. The value of Chile s retail sales for 2008, reached USD 38 billion, with more than USD 14 billion of that coming from food retailing. Primary retail products in Chile include domestic and household goods, home furnishings and automotive fuels. The supermarket format dominates the retail industry, though the contribution of large-scale retail stores in total industry sales is increasing. Other major retail formats include specialty shops, pharmacies, home-improvement stores and department stores. Within the supermarket subsector, retail sales were highest in food, drink and tobacco and pharmaceutical products. In recent years, retailers have seen substantial revenues growth from the introduction of consumer credit wider product ranges and improved support services. Chilean retailers have also begun to diversify their business models and expand into other Latin American countries including Argentina and Peru. Major Chilean retail firms include Falabella, Cencosud, Ripley and Farmacias Ahumada. Major investment inflows in the Chilean commerce sector were primarily from multinational retailers from the Netherlands, Spain, France, Switzerland, Colombia, Argentina, and the United States. The average workweek for this sector was 42.1 hours in 2008; a decline from 46.7 hours per week in Average earnings in the sector were 199,000 pesos per month in 2005, lower than the national average of 277,000 pesos. At 1.7 per cent average annual growth between 2000 and 2005, monthly earnings in wholesale and retail trade have not kept pace with the national all-industry annual average growth rate of 3.1 per cent. Key Labour Market Indicators (2009) Economically Active Population: Total: 7,448,000 Men: 4,527,000 Women: 2,921,000 Labour Force Participation Rate: Total: 57.0% Men: 70.6% Women: 43.9% Unemployment Rate: Total: 10.8% Men: 9.8% Women: 12.4% Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing The agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing sector employed 790,000 workers in 2008, nearly 12 per cent of total workers across all major economic activities (see Figs. 1 & 5). Agriculture s share of employment declined from 19 per cent in 1990 to 12 per cent in 2006, a share that remains about three times higher than the sector s share of GDP. The sector made up 4 per cent of the value added GDP in 2008, down from 6 per cent of value added in the 1990s (see Fig. 2). However, the agricultural sector, in conjunction with related processing and distribution activities along the agro-food production value chain has played a key role in Chile s economic development. The total amount of agricultural cropland in Chile has declined in recent years from more than 872,000 hectares in 2004 to less than 717,000 hectares in The leading Chilean agricultural products are grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn and oats. Chile s long Pacific coastline also yields a highly productive fishing industry with major species including salmon and Chilean sea bass. Livestock cultivation also significantly contributes to the value added of the industry. Cultivation of beef cattle, hogs and poultry has expanded rapidly since The output of meat production between 2004 and 2008 grew by 15 per cent for beef, 40 per cent for pork, and 14.2 per cent for poultry. The production of secondary agricultural products including eggs and milk has also increased since A key source of Chile s revenue comes from the country s agricultural exports. Agricultural products comprised 23.5 per cent of Chile s total sales in Top exports included fruits, nuts, and fish which were traded with major export partners including the European Union, China, the United States and Brazil. Yet while the incomes of agricultural households have increased, smallscale farmers have seen little change in their farm incomes, with most of the gains coming from improved off-farm opportunities. On average, Chile s agricultural workers have longer weekly working hours than all employees nationwide. Agricultural workers worked on average 41.2 hours per week in 2008, a decline from 2000 when agricultural workers averaged 45.3 hours per week. In contrast, workers on average in Chile had a 40.6 hour workweek in 2008, down from 44.1 hours per week in Fig. 5: Employment in Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing ('000s), Source: ILO Laborsta; Persons aged 15 years and over. Fourth quarter of each year. 2006: Break. Methodology revised; data not strictly comparable. Sectoral Activities Department Other Sources: Banco Central de Chile; Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile; UNCTAD.

3 Chile Table 1: GDP Value Added by Industry (Millions of Pesos, Constant Prices) & % Share in Total Value Added (p) 2009(p) Total GDP 51,156, ,246, ,262, ,890, ,646, ,954, ,963, % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 5,911, ,112, ,315, ,549, ,856, ,137, ,254, % 11.3% 11.0% 10.9% 10.9% 11.0% 11.3% Real Est. 2,977, ,055, ,156, ,258, ,378, ,496, ,615, % 5.6% 5.5% 5.4% 5.4% 5.4% 5.7% Fin. & Bus. Serv. 7,650, ,252, ,946, ,352, ,237, ,563, ,408, % 15.2% 15.6% 15.6% 16.3% 16.3% 16.3% 1,170, ,274, ,367, ,441, ,627, ,847, ,974, % 2.3% 2.4% 2.4% 2.6% 2.8% 3.1% Transport 3,540, ,696, ,945, ,240, ,549, ,744, ,583, % 6.8% 6.9% 7.1% 7.3% 7.3% 7.2% Trade/Hotels & 4,950, ,313, ,764, ,161, ,540, ,852, ,670, % 9.8% 10.1% 10.3% 10.4% 10.6% 10.4% 3,531, ,645, ,014, ,173, ,365, ,808, ,556, % 6.7% 7.0% 7.0% 7.0% 7.4% 7.1% Utilities 1,461, ,501, ,547, ,664, ,184, ,161, ,344, % 2.8% 2.7% 2.8% 1.9% 1.8% 2.1% 8,398, ,985, ,520, ,896, ,196, ,342, ,618, % 16.6% 16.6% 16.5% 16.3% 15.9% 15.0% Mining 4,321, ,585, ,406, ,436, ,583, ,327, ,267, % 8.5% 7.7% 7.4% 7.3% 6.7% 6.7% Fishing 627, , , , , , , % 1.4% 1.3% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% Agr. & Forestry 1,842, ,994, ,179, ,323, ,339, ,409, ,524, % 3.7% 3.8% 3.9% 3.7% 3.7% 3.9% Public Admin. 2,214, ,264, ,349, ,427, ,514, ,584, ,681,228.0 Source: Banco Central de Chile. (p)indicates provisional data. 4.3% 4.2% 4.1% 4.1% 4.0% 4.0% 4.2% Notes: Sectors are classified according to the national classification of industrial sectors as reported by the national source. Sum of individual sectors may not equal total due to rounding and other adjustments introduced by the national source. Mining 8.4% Share in Sectoral Value Added, 2003 Agr. & Forestry 3.6% Fishing 1.2% Public Admin. 4.3% 11.6% Real Est. 5.8% Share in Sectoral Value Added, 2008 Agr. & Forestry 3.7% Fishing 1.2% Mining 6.7% Public Admin. 4.0% 11.0% Real Est. 5.4% 16.4% Fin. & Bus. Serv. 15.0% 15.9% Fin. & Bus. Serv. 16.3% Utilities 2.9% 6.9% Source: Banco Central de Chile. Trade/Hotels & 9.7% 2.3% Transport 6.9% 1 Utilities 1.8% 7.4% Source: Banco Central de Chile. Trade/Hotels & 10.6% 2.8% Transport 7.3%

4 Table 2: World Merchandise Exports (Thousand USD, Current Prices) 2009 Total All Products 18,214, ,745, ,423, ,664, ,520, ,265, ,679, ,970, ,461, ,731,728.5 All Food Items 4,424, ,896, ,791, ,958, ,052, ,986, ,106, ,322, ,034, ,001,632.2 Food 3,816, ,217, ,165, ,258, ,180, ,070, ,095, ,008, ,582, ,563,082.1 Beverages & Tobacco 607, , , , , , ,011, ,314, ,451, ,438,550.1 Agricultural Raw Materials 1,975, ,069, ,769, ,923, ,587, ,637, ,963, ,002, ,270, ,244,374.4 Ores, Metals, Precious Stones & Non-Monetary Gold 8,403, ,867, ,307, ,154, ,297, ,303, ,707, ,206, ,803, ,586,392.9 Ores & Metals 8,109, ,628, ,066, ,825, ,986, ,966, ,185, ,637, ,071, ,706,323.4 Fuels 202, , , , , , ,059, , , ,713.0 Coal, Coke, & Briquettes 1, , , , , , , , ,470.0 Petroleum, Petroleum Products & Related Materials 177, , , , , , ,003, , , ,224.4 Gas, Natural & Manufactured 23, , , , , , , , , ,018.6 Electric Current : : : : : : : : : : Manufactured Goods 2,796, ,185, ,826, ,169, ,016, ,141, ,118, ,585, ,987, ,633,785.6 Chemicals 1,026, ,172, ,084, ,345, ,666, ,097, ,564, ,440, ,274, ,162,121.8 Machinery & Transport Equipment 494, , , , , , , ,038, ,148, ,036,726.1 Iron & Steel 75, , , , , , , , , ,114.1 Textile Fibres, Yarn, Fabrics & Clothing 161, , , , , , , , , ,450.9 Other Manufactured Goods 1,274, ,490, ,302, ,428, ,860, ,402, ,747, ,106, ,564, ,434,937.8 Source: UNCTADStat. Data presented according to SITC Rev.3 and standard UNCTAD product groupings. 2

5 Table 3: World Merchandise Imports (Thousand USD, Current Prices) 2009 Total All Products 16,619, ,136, ,383, ,322, ,793, ,735, ,406, ,153, ,910, ,427,401.5 All Food Items 1,227, ,188, ,226, ,444, ,656, ,849, ,348, ,083, ,161, ,061,429.7 Food 1,181, ,144, ,183, ,402, ,600, ,783, ,280, ,987, ,038, ,937,326.3 Beverages & Tobacco 45, , , , , , , , , ,103.4 Agricultural Raw Materials 193, , , , , , , , , ,953.8 Ores, Metals, Precious Stones & Non-Monetary Gold 177, , , , , ,043, ,107, ,540, ,621, ,833.5 Ores & Metals 177, , , , , ,042, ,106, ,539, ,620, ,324.8 Fuels 3,013, ,730, ,529, ,316, ,651, ,525, ,450, ,378, ,212, ,087,068.6 Coal, Coke, & Briquettes 146, , , , , , , , , ,088.9 Petroleum, Petroleum Products & Related Materials 2,419, ,103, ,931, ,622, ,695, ,353, ,154, ,737, ,944, ,290,409.6 Gas, Natural & Manufactured 418, , , , , , , ,126, ,314, ,078,992.6 Electric Current 28, , , , , , , , , ,577.5 Manufactured Goods 11,867, ,808, ,194, ,808, ,910, ,778, ,210, ,050, ,698, ,996,616.4 Chemicals 2,116, ,210, ,062, ,281, ,850, ,419, ,891, ,700, ,383, ,562,683.9 Machinery & Transport Equipment 5,809, ,620, ,472, ,755, ,253, ,596, ,532, ,525, ,942, ,963,153.9 Iron & Steel 369, , , , , , ,017, ,113, ,230, ,833.1 Textile Fibres, Yarn, Fabrics & Clothing 1,016, , , , ,133, ,306, ,566, ,788, ,037, ,664,509.7 Other Manufactured Goods 3,941, ,977, ,659, ,771, ,806, ,762, ,786, ,824, ,372, ,470,778.5 Source: UNCTADStat. Data presented according to SITC Rev.3 and standard UNCTAD product groupings. 3

6 Table 4: Total Employment by Major Economic Activity (thousands) & % Share in Total Employment Total Employment 5, , , , , , , , , % 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry & Fishing % 13.6% 13.5% 13.6% 13.4% 13.2% 12.8% 12.3% 11.7% Mining and Quarrying % 1.3% 1.3% 1.3% 1.3% 1.3% 1.4% 1.4% 1.5% % 14.3% 14.1% 14.0% 13.7% 13.1% 13.1% 13.1% 12.8% Electricity, Gas and Water % 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% % 7.7% 8.0% 7.5% 8.1% 8.0% 8.3% 8.3% 8.7% Wholesale & Retail Trade; Hotels & , , , , , , , , % 18.8% 19.4% 18.8% 19.2% 18.9% 19.8% 19.6% 19.7% Transport, Storage & % 8.0% 8.0% 8.5% 7.9% 8.0% 8.1% 8.2% 8.3% Fin. Intermediation; Real Estate & Bus. Services % 7.6% 7.8% 8.0% 8.1% 8.8% 8.6% 9.4% 9.3% Community, Social & 1, , , , , , , , , % 28.1% 27.4% 27.7% 27.9% 28.2% 27.4% 27.1% 27.4% Note: Persons aged 15 years and over. Fourth quarter of each year. 2006: Break. Methodology revised; data not strictly comparable. (p) Indicates provisional data. Source: ILO Laborsta. Data reported according to ISIC Rev.2 as reported in ILO Laborsta. Sum of individual sectors may not equal total due to rounding. Total employment is comprised of all persons above a specific age who during a specified brief period were either in paid employment at work, with a job but not at work, or self-employed. This category covers not only employees (wage earners and salaried employees), but also employers, own-account workers, members of producers cooperatives, contributing family workers and workers not classifiable by status. Data are non-seasonally adjusted. Community, Social & Personal Services 27.8% Fin. Intermediation; Real Estate& Bus. Services 7.9% Transport, Storage & 8.0% Source: ILO Laborsta. Share of Employment by Sector, 2000 Wholesale & Retail Trade; Hotels & 18.5% Agr., Hunting, For. & Fishing 14.4% Mining and Quarrying 1.3% 14.0% Electricity, Gas and Water 0.5% 7.5% Community, Social & Personal Services 27.4% Fin. Intermediation; Real Estate& Bus. Services 9.3% Transport, Storage & 8.3% Source: ILO Laborsta. Share of Employment by Sector, 2008 Agri., Hunting, For. & Fishing 11.7% Wholesale & Retail Trade; Hotels & 19.7% Mining and Quarrying 1.5% 12.8% Electricity, Gas and Water 0.6% 8.7% 4

7 Table 5: Average Actual Weekly Working Hours by Major Economic Activity (p) 2008(p) Total Economy Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry & Fishing Mining and Quarrying Electricity, Gas and Water Wholesale & Retail Trade; Hotels & Transport, Storage & Fin. Intermediation; Real Estate& Bus. Services Community, Social & Note: (p) Indicates provisional data. Source: ILO Laborsta. Data reported according to ISIC Rev.2 as reported in ILO Laborsta. Sum of individual sectors may not equal total due to rounding. Table 6: Average Monthly Earnings by Major Economic Activity Mining and Quarrying 450, , , , , , , , , , , ,160.0 Electricity, Gas and Water 470, , , , , , , , , , , ,569.0 Wholesale & Retail Trade; Hotels & 182, , , , , ,618.0 Transport, Storage & 238, , , , , ,735.0 Fin. Intermediation; Real Estate& Bus. Services 440, , , , , ,617.0 Community, Social & 257, , , , , ,303.0 Notes: 1 Incl. family allowances and the value of payments in kind. 2 April of each year. Source: ILO Laborsta. Data reported according to ISIC Rev.2 as reported in ILO Laborsta. Sum of individual sectors may not equal total due to rounding. 5