Plant Science 102 Fall 2012

Transcription

1 Plant Science 102 Fall 2012 Guest Lecture Larry D. Makus Agribusiness Program Agricultural Economics and Rural Soc.

2 9 Billion-People Question Why is it a question? Can we feed 9 billion people by 2050! Should we as potential agribusiness professionals care about this question: If not, why not? If so, why should we care? How are we doing now, and why are we performing at that level?

3 Articles to read: (posted on course web-site) 9 billion people question: The Economist, February 26, 2011 World Feed itself: Interview with the Chairman of Nestle Wall street Journal, September3-4, 2011

4 World Hunger Introduction Sources: The State of Food Insecurity 2011 (FAO) World Hunger Education Service 2011 Growing a Better Future 2011 (Oxfam) The World Food Problem (2009, Leathers and Foster)

5 World Hunger Facts Worldwide, about 1 billion people are undernourished Don t get enough calories each day Susceptible to illness Unable to lead productive lives Chronic undernourishment Due to extreme poverty

6 Undernourishment

7 World Hunger Spike: Since 2008 Poorest cannot afford food Food prices up Increased demand from emerging countries Economic development Population increase Biofuels production Reduced crop production Climate change Recession

8 Rising Food Prices

9

10 World Hunger Facts Over 20,000 people die each day due to causes related to undernutrition ¾ of these are children under the age of 5 About 6 million/year 430x387.jpg

11 Undernutrition and Child Death ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a0199e.pdf

12 Common Scenario Mother Poorly educated Food is scarce Several children Youngest child undernourished Disease resistance low Drinks unsanitary water Develops diarrhea Loses interest in eating

13 Common Scenario Mother removes solids from child s diet Not enough nourishment to fight disease Diarrhea continues Mother removes liquids Dehydration Death

14 Malnutrition Cycle

15 Importance of Maternal Health 1 in 6 babies in developing countries have low birthweight

16 Causes of Hunger Poverty 2.3 billion people earn less than $2/day

17 Causes of Hunger Extreme Poverty 1.3 Billion people earn less than $1.25/day 75% of these live in rural areas many unable to own land Worst in Sub-Saharan Africa

18 Extreme Poverty Percentage who earn less than $1.25/day

19 Causes of Hunger Harmful Economic Systems Control over incomes and resources by Military Wealthy Politically powerful Conflicts

20 Where are the Undernourished?

21 img/map_world.jpg World Hunger Map

22 Sachs, J. 2005, The End of Poverty; Economic Possibilities for Our Time.

23 Worldwide life expectancy

24 Side effects of Hunger and Poverty ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a0199e.pdf

25 Population Pressure 20to% JPG World Population has doubled in 40 years Most of increase in developing countries 5 billion people Poverty and economic insecurity result in population growth Children are a source of wealth to the poor

26 Hope: Demographic Transition Example: U.S. History When U.S. became industrial, fewer kids/family needed Lowered infant mortality No need to rely on children s labor More opportunities for women Happened without birth control

27 Agricultural Revolution Hunters & Gatherers Conquest for land Technology Agriculture Expanding population & environmental destruction Culture Food production Population Growth

28 Effect of the Agricultural Revolution Elite Wealth: Own land, Well-fed Educated, Health care, Opportunities Wealth, Tribute Food, Resources Conquered & Exploited: Peasants, Slaves, Workers Poverty: Landless, hungry, uneducated, unhealthy, no opportunities

29 Effect of the Industrial Revolution Sachs, J. 2005, The End of Poverty; Economic Possibilities for Our Time.

30 Issues Nutrition Food Security Agriculture Environment Technology Education Culture Development Ethics &imgrefurl= 1&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=svh3od2uZpp9bM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq %3Dfeed%2Bthe%2Bworld%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8

31 Ethics Is hunger and poverty morally acceptable? Why or why not? What should we do?