FARMING FOR OUR FUTURE: CANADA S 150 TH

Transcription

1 FARMING FOR OUR FUTURE: CANADA S 15 TH OTTAWA, ONTARIO NOVEMBER 21-23, #AgExConf17

2 Nitrogen Management in Eastern Canada: Using 4R s to Reduce N Losses and Increase Corn Yields Craig F. Drury, Alex Woodley, Xueming Yang, Dan Reynolds, Lori Phillips, Wayne Calder and Tom Oloya craig.drury@agr.gc.ca

3 Harrow Research & Development Center AAFC, Ontario, Canada

4 Woodslee Experimental Farm, Woodslee, Ontario Ontario

5 Urea

6 Sidedress N Fertilizer Application 1. Control (no sidedress fertilizer addition) 2. Broadcast Urea 3. Broadcast Urea + Urease Inhibitor (UI) 4. Broadcast Urea + Urease & Nitrification Inhibitors (UI+NI) 5. Injection UAN 6. Injection UAN + UI 7. Injection UAN + UI + NI TREATMENTS STUDY 1 Agrotain contains the urease inhibitor Agrotain Plus & SuperU contains the urease and nitrification inhibitors

7 Urea

8 Ammonia Loss (lb ac -1 ) & 214 Ammonia Losses and Costs ($ for 1 Acres) Urea/UAN Urea/UAN & UI Urea/UAN & UI+NI Ammonia loss ($ per 1 acres) Broadcast $75/acre $27/acre Broadcast Injection $3/acre $/acre Injection

9 22 Average Corn Grain Yields (213 & 214) 21 Urea/UAN Urea/UAN & UI Urea/UAN & UI+NI 15 bu/ac Corn Grain Yield (bu ac -1 ) bu/ac 6.7 bu/ac 17 bu/ac 31 bu/ac Broadcast Injection Drury et al., J. Env. Qual. 217

10 N Application at Planting 1. Control 2. Broadcast Urea 3. Broadcast Urea + Urease Inhibitor (UI) 4. Broadcast Urea + Urease & Nitrification Inhibitors (UI+NI) 5. Broadcast & Incorporated Urea 6. Broadcast & Incorporated Urea + UI 7. Broadcast & Incorporated Urea + UI +NI 8. Injection UAN 9. Injection UAN + UI 1. Injection UAN + UI + NI TREATMENTS STUDY 2 N Application 6-8 leaf stage (Sidedress) 11. Injection UAN 12. Injection UAN + UI 13. Injection UAN + UI + NI

11 Broadcasting Urea

12 Injecting UAN Solution

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15 Wind Tunnel & Air Sampling Instrumentation Acid traps for ammonia collection Anemometer for wind speed

16 Drury et al., 216

17 8 6 4 Ammonia Losses 215 Broadcast Urea Urea+UI+NI Ammonia Volatilization (kg NH 3 -N ha -1 d -1 ) Broadcast & Incorporated 6 Urea Urea+UI+NI Injection UAN UAN + UI + NI Days after application

18 Cumulative Ammonia Losses Urea Urea+UI+NI Broadcast 15 Cumulative Ammonia Loss (kg N ha -1 ) Urea Urea+UI+NI UAN UAN + UI + NI Broadcast & Incorporated Injection Days after application

19 3 2 Ammonia Losses 216 Broadcast Urea Urea+UI+NI Ammonia Volatilization (kg NH 3 -N ha -1 d -1 ) Broadcast & Incorporated 3 Urea Urea+UI+NI 2 1 Injection UAN UAN+UI+NI Days after application

20 2 15 Cumulative Ammonia Losses 216 Urea Urea+UI+NI Broadcast Cumulative Ammonia Loss (kg N ha -1 ) Urea Urea+UI+NI UAN UAN + UI + NI 1 5 Broadcast & Incorporated Injection Days after application

21 Ammonia Losses Broadcast Urea Urea+UI+NI Ammonia Volatilization (kg NH 3 -N ha -1 d -1 ) Broadcast & Incorporated Injection Urea Urea+UI+NI UAN UAN+UI+NI Days after application

22 Cumulative Ammonia Loss (kg N ha -1 ) Cumulative Ammonia Losses 217 Urea Urea+UI+NI Urea Urea+UI+NI UAN UAN+UI+NI Broadcast Broadcast & Incorporated Injection Days after application

23 Ammonia Volatilization Losses ( ) Ammonia Volatilization Losses (kg N ha -1 ) Urea/UAN Urea/UAN+ UI+ NI -5 Broadcast Broadcast & Incorporation Injection

24 Urea

25 Measuring and Analyzing N 2 O Emissions

26 Nitrous Oxide Emissions Precipitation (mm) Broadcast Control Urea Urea + UI Urea + UI + NI Nitrous Oxide Emissions (g N 2 O-N ha -1 d -1 ) Broadcast & Incorporated Injection Control Urea Urea + UI Urea + UI + NI Control UAN UAN + UI UAN + UI + NI 1 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

27 Cumulative Nitrous Oxide Emissions Control Urea Urea+UI Urea+UI+NI Broadcast Cumulative N 2 O Emissions (kg N 2 O-N ha -1 ) Control Urea Urea+UI Urea+UI+NI Control UAN UAN+UI UAN+UI+NI Broadcast & Incorporated Injection 2 1 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

28 Average Corn Grain Yields (215 & 216) 2 19 Urea/UAN Urea/UAN+UI Urea/UAN+UI+NI Corn Grain Yields (bu ac -1 ) bu/ac 15 bu/ac 13 bu/ac 3 bu/ac 3.6 bu/ac 15 bu/ac Broadcast Broadcast & Incorporation Injection

29 Assumptions Corn grain* Urea UAN Agrotain Agrotain Plus SuperU $5./bu $597/tonne $4/tonne $.87/lb N $.144/lb N $.165/lb N * IFAO board members (Woody, Blake, Daryl, Andy & Jim) Dale Cowan (AGRIS) Koch (Dr. Rigas Karamanos & Donald Fisher)

30 Profit and Loss (213 & 214) Treatment Inhibitor Yield bu/ac Yield $/ac Control 82 $ 49 $ Fertilizers & Inhibitors Cost/Benefit +/- Inhibitor $/ac Cost/Benefit $/1 ac Broadcast Urea $ 861 $ 68 UI 179 $ 894 $ 78 $ 23 $ 2,3 UI+NI 18 $ 92 $ 87 $ 22 $ 2,2 Injected UAN $ 956 $ 75 UI 23 $116 $ 83 $ 52 $ 5,2 UI+NI 25 $124 $ 92 $ 51 $ 5,1

31 Results Ammonia Volatilization ( ) 15% of Broadcast urea was lost as NH 3 (21.9 kg N/ha) Broadcast & Incorporated reduced NH 3 losses by 35% Injection reduced NH 3 losses by 96% Inhibitors reduced NH 3 losses by: - 52% Broadcast Urea - 42% Broadcast & Incorporated Urea - 1% Injected UAN

32 Results Corn Grain Yields (215 & 216) Application method increased yields by 2% Inhibitors increased corn yields from 7% (Injection + AgrotainPlus ) to 1% (Broadcast SuperU).

33 Take Home Messages Incorporating fertilizer N and using urease inhibitors can help reduce ammonia volatilization losses. Urease inhibition alone can lead to increased N 2 O emissions. However, combining UI and NI can reduce both NH 3 and N 2 O. Corn grain yields respond well to the use of inhibitors and improved N placement.

34 Acknowledgements Fertilizer Canada & Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Agroecosystem Productivity & Health Program for providing funding for this research. Dr. Rigas Karamanos (Koch Fertilizer Canada) for providing SuperU.

35 Questions?

36 Saturday May 31, 215 following 3.8 inches rain

37 Sunday June 1, day after 3.8 inch rain

38 8 6 4 Ammonia Losses in rain Broadcast Urea Urea+UI+NI Ammonia Volatilization (kg N ha -1 d -1 ) Broadcast & Incorporated 6 Urea Urea+UI+NI 6 4 Injection UAN UAN + UI + NI Days after application