KILIFI DISTRICT SHORT RAINS ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2006

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1 KILIFI DISTRICT SHORT RAINS ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2006 Team Number 1) Isabella Nkonge 2) Zippy Mbati, 3) Paul Mungai, 4) Thandi Githae Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

2 1.0 INTRODUCTION Kilifi District has a total area of 4,779.2 square Kilometres and a projected population of 640, 593, with the largest population found in at Kaloleni with about 231,889 people. The Districts is divided into eight administrative divisions, namely Vitengeni, Bamba, Ganze, Kaloleni, Bahari, Chonyi, Arabuko Sokoke and Kikambala. The entire area of Arabuko Sokoke is forest. The District is classified among the poorest in Kenya Ganze Constituency being the poorest in Kenya and comprises, of three of the Districts s,. It is estimated that more than 90%, 85% and 80% of the population living in Bamba, Ganze and Vitengeni live below the poverty line, respectively. Poverty in the district manifests itself in the inability of the majority of the people to access basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing, health water and education(district development plan, kilifi ). Factors influencing this include climate and low levels of education. The District is served by 2 hospitals, five health centres, 21 dispensaries. There are 410 ECD centers with a total of 230 primary schools and 30 Secondary Schools. The district is served by both regular and expanded feeding programmes in drought affected areas. The programme has enhanced enrolment and retention. The district is divided into seven livelihood zones namely cash cropping/ Dairy farming, fishing and mangrove harvesting, food cropping, forest, formal employment/ waged labour/ business, marginal mixed farming and ranching. The economic mainstay for the District is mixed farming involving the rearing of cattle, goats, sheep and donkeys. However, small pockets of agro-pastoralism livelihoods exist along the banks of Tana River. The table below shows the percentage of the five dominant livelihoods in the District. Livelihood Zone Total Population Percentage Cash Cropping/Dairy Cropping Marginal Mixed Farming Formal Employment/Casual Waged Labour/Business Ranching Fishing and Mangroove Harvesting Forest 8 TOTAL 640, The district has been receiving relief food under the EMOP since 2004 as follows: Period (Phase) Oct 04- Feb 05 FDPs (Centres) Ben. No. Ration % Level 51 97,992 75% Maize, Pulses, Oil, Salt, Sugar & Rice Commodities Qty (Mts) Donor Mts GOK/WFP / Kenya Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

3 April 05- July 05 Sept 05- Dec % Maize, Pulses, Salt & Oil % Maize, Pulses & Oil Church Mts GOK/WFP Mts GOK/WFP During the last phase the modalities of distribution were general food distribution and food for work. In addition to this the government has also been distributing food through the Provincial Administration. The food security for the divisions along the Coast Stripe is expected to remain stable following good harvests during the 2005 long rains season. Though the short rains received in these divisions were below normal, it is of little significance because the farmers do not essentially depend on it. On the other hand the food security situation has deteriorated over time in the hinterland divisions of Bamba, Vitengeni, Ganze and parts of Kaloleni due to poor performance of the rains in the last three consecutive seasons. For the hinterland divisions it is expected that the situation will worsen before the beginning of the long rains due to depletion of pasture, drying of the surface waters, and exhaustion household stocks. However it is expected that the situation will improve slightly on the commencement of the long rains, after replenishment of the watering points, pasture and browse. Full recovery can be anticipated by August, 2006 for marginal farmers and Ranching. 2. DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION The rainfall in the District is normally low bimodal and erratic with mean annual rainfall of ranges from 400mm about 1300mm (district development plan, kilifi ). The divisions located along the Coastal stripe, namely Bahari, Chonyi, Kikambala and parts of Kaloleni, depend mainly on the long rains whereas the hinterland divisions, area mainly dependent on the short rains. From the satellite imagery, it is observed that for the period October/December, 2005 the entire district received less than 80% of the normal. The north east of the district covering the entire Vitengeni, Bahari, Arabuko Sokoke and parts of Ganze division received less than 20% of the normal. Only the area west of the Bamba, Southern Kikambala and central parts of Kaloleni s received between 40 and 80 % of the normal. The first rains were received in the month of November and were consistent. However, there was a dry spell experienced during the month of December and January. Following below normal rainfall, the district experienced total crop failure in most parts. Maize crop dried up at the most critical physiological stage (tasselling stage for the early planted crop and knee high for the late planted) whereas the legumes dried at pod formation. Insignificant harvest of maize crop is expected from pockets of Bamba division. Pigeonpeas crop and cassava which are both considered drought tolerate are doing fine in most parts of the district. Cassava crop is however, experiencing stress in the hinterland divisions. The perennial trees such as coconut, cashewnut and mangoes are also doing well and are expected to cushion the farmers during this period. Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

4 Availability of food commodities in the market is normal. Cereals and pulses are obtained from Kongowea market and NCPB Kilifi. The market price of beans has remained higher throughout the year compared to the long term average, but that of maize is about normal. With respect to pasture and browse condition, most parts of the district is good. It is however noted that at the far end of Bamba division, pasture is deteriorating fast and the situation is likely to be worse within the next one month. There is no major livestock diseases reported so far in the district. Livestock prices remain within the normal range. Current price for mature cattle is kshs. 9,000 while that of shoats is about Kshs. 1,000. However, it is projected that prices will go down if the drought persists. Kilifi district is mainly served by the Mzima and Baricho pipeline, vide stand pipes, there are however areas such as Mtwapa, where water is obtained from wells and boreholes. The hinterland areas obtain additional water from streams, dams and pans both for domestic and livestock purposes. The communities are required to pay for the piped water, for example, along the Bomba - Nyayo Pipe line the local communities are charged 2/= for a 20 litre jerrycan both of domestic and livestock purpose. Some of the pans are either dried out or almost dried out. For example the Jilla Pan, which is used to supply the locals with water free of charge, is expected to be completely dried up,by mid Februay,2006, pay. In such an event the locals will have to trek to the range land areas in search of unexhausted pans/ dams During the field visits, no visible signs of malnutrition were observed in children under five years of age. However, growth monitoring reports from the Ministry of Health, highlight some trouble spots at various health centres. Mryachakwe health clinic, in Vitengeni which is the worst affected division, consistently reported high incidences of underweight children during In December 2005, 36 percent of the children visiting the clinics were underweight. Mihirini clinic in Bamba division, reported 27 percent underweight children. Percentage for other divisions are 10 percent and below. Poor growth rates in children under 5 years are an indication of inadequate nutrition in households. security in the district is affected by Increased frequency of drought as a result of erratic rainfall patterns. Inappropriate land use. Over dependence on rain fed agriculture. Overdependence on relief. Lack of adequate market information to the Farming Communities. High illiteracy levels especially for women High Poverty levels. Low adoption of modern technologies. Wildlife menace The above factors have over time resulted in low income base for the communities. This calls for interventions and mitigative measures in the short, medium and long term. Interventions in the short term should include:- General food distribution to continue in Bamba and Vitengeni s until August, 2006 when it is anticipated the situation will have improved after the long rains. Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

5 aid in Kaloleni and Ganze should continue focusing on food for assets especially for pan and dam maintenance. Provision of certified drought tolerant seed varieties before the beginning of the long rains (March June) Undertake constant monitoring and maintenance of watering points and pipeline. Water tankering to Jila, Tsangatsini, Goshi, Midoina, Palakumi and Bandari and purchase of water storage tanks for the same Posting of more Kenya Wildlife Services Personnel Arabuko Sokoke tp control wildlife. Medium to long term interventions should include:- Placing Bamba and Vitengeni s under food for assets or cash for work, in case the envisaged recovery (long rains) is not realized. Review of current food for work projects time frames with a view to ensuring their satisfactory completion. Capacity building of the communities in the area of diversification crop production, marketing, market information and livestock production. Harnessing of the fisheries resources. Increase the number of watering points in dams and pans. Explore possibility of developing irrigation schemes in the district. Posting of more Kenya Wildlife Services Personnel Arabuko Sokoke tp control wildlife. Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

6 3. FOOD AND NON-FOOD AID INTERVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS. Rank No. Insecurity Non-food interventions Range of Pop. Req. food aid Possible Ration level 1. Vitengeni High (45-65%) 50% Provision of certified drought tolerant seed varieties before the beginning of the long rains (March June) Undertake constant monitoring and maintenance of watering points and pipeline. Capacity building of the communities in the area of livestock production, diversification crop production, marketing and market information. Increase the number of watering points in dams and pans. Purchase water tank for Milore Building of electric fence (Ongoing) to curb wildlife menace Definition Households not harvested for last two seasons 99.9% short rains crop failure Wildlife menace cassava damage Reducing coconut yield Dried out pans, long walking distances to water points Least developed road network Highly dependent on charcoal burning Survey findings 2 hrs walking to rivers, those who buy spend up 5 shillings per 20 liter jerry can 58% own goats, 13 % own more than 10 goats 13% own 2 to 5 cows Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

7 Rank No. Insecurity Range of Pop. Req. food aid Possible Ration level Non-food interventions 2. Bamba High (45-65%) 50% Provision of certified drought tolerant seed varieties before the beginning of the long rains (March June) 3. Ganze Medium to High Undertake constant monitoring and maintenance of watering points and pipeline. Capacity building of the communities in the area of livestock production, diversification crop production, marketing and market information. Increase the number of watering points in dams and pans. Water tankering to Bandarini, Mikamini Midoina and Digiria and purchase water tanks for the same. (40-60%) 50% Provision of certified drought tolerant seed varieties before the beginning of the long rains (March June) Undertake constant monitoring and maintenance of watering points and Definition Very high poverty levels Residents spend between 2 and 5 hrs looking for water from various sources. Poor long rains season, short rains? Survey findings Only 11% of HH sampled own cattle, majority own between 4 and 10 cows About 39 % own and average of 17 goats. Only 20 percent own more than 10 goats and about 10 % own more than 20 goats 13 % percent own sheep, only 5 % own more than 10 sheep High poverty levels Only two locations harvested maize during the short rains season. The rest lost the crop at a critical stage 100 % failure of short rains crop 40 to 50 percent long rains, crop failure Survey findings Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

8 Rank No. 1. Kaloleni Locations Mariakani Mwanamwing u Tsangatsini Kayafungo Insecurity Moderate to Medium Range of Pop. Req. food aid (10-30%) Possible Ration level Non-food interventions pipeline. Capacity building of the communities in the area of livestock production, diversification crop production, marketing and market information. Increase the number of watering points in dams and pans. Water tankering to Palakumi and purchase water tanks for the same. 50% Provision of certified drought tolerant seed varieties before the beginning of the long rains (March June) Undertake constant monitoring and maintenance of watering points and pipeline. Capacity building of the communities in the area of livestock production, diversification crop production, marketing and market information. Increase the number of Definition Few residents spend up to 4 hrs walking to rivers Mwanamwingu, Tsangatsini and Kayafungo depend on pans and dams, which have dried up. In parts of Kaloleni, residents spend up to six hours to and from watering points Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

9 Rank No. Insecurity Range of Pop. Req. food aid Possible Ration level Non-food interventions watering points in dams and pans. Water tankering to tsangatsini, and purchase water tanks for the same. Definition 5. Bahari 0% Provision of certified drought tolerant seed varieties before the beginning of the long rains (March June) Undertake constant monitoring and maintenance of watering points and pipeline. Capacity building in the area of dairy production Harnessing of the fisheries resources Posting of KWS Personnel 6. Chonyi Moderate (25-45%) 0% Capacity building to improve farming techniques Kikambala Low 0% Capacity building to improve farming techniques Harnessing of the fisheries resources Cropping, not dependent on the short rains season has perennial tree crops (coconut, mango and coconut) Most residents have adequate water Diverse economic opportunities in the division Survey findings 12 % own milking cows 50% own goats Cropping, not dependent on the short rains season. Harvested 80% of the expected long rains yield. Water is available to most residents Cropping, not dependent on the short rains season. Harvested a good long rains crop benefits from tourism Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

10 Rank No. Insecurity Range of Pop. Req. food aid Possible Ration level Non-food interventions Definition Sufficient water from pipes and wells Poultry farming practiced generally has access to diverse economic activities Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

11 NO ACTIVITY SCOPE OF RESOURCES.( KSH) WORKS REQUIRED AVAILABLE Gap 1 Trucking of Fuels water to the 20,000ltres x Ksh 1,400,000 most critically 70/= 1,400,000 affected areas. To cover the following sites; -Jila, Tsangatsini,, Goshi, Midoina, Palakumi, and Badari in Kaloleni, Bamba and Ganze s Allowances for 4 drivers 90 x ,00 Repair of water Bouwser and purchase of tyres. 500,000 Time frame REMARKS 2 Construction and rehabilitation of water pans Desiltingwater pans and dams Bamaba Div 1. Rima Rapera Mitangani Additional Water Bouwsers 4,000,000 Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

12 ) : the prevailing problems. 6 Immediate Trucking of water to the s 1,400,00 0 affected areas will help to bring normalcy and mitig 324,000 2 Rehabilitation of Daku- Mbulia Water Project in Kishushe Location,Wundanyi 3 Rehabilitation of Maungu-Bughuta Water Project Voi -Purchase Plastic storage tank 10No 100,000 and 2No.20 m 3 100,000 er-if supplying in one site, twice per week for the next 3 months. -Survey and Design Procurement of Pump 500,000 24,000,000 1,500, ,000 1,000,000 Will provide water for domestic and livestock to over 4000 people to a ver hard hit area in Kishushe Long term 1 to 2 years Will provide water for domestic and livestock to over 4000 people to a ver hard hit area in Kasighau Location Including the most hard-h areas in Bughuta, Itinyi a Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

13 Sasenyi. ImmediATE 4 Construction and /or rehabilitation of waterpans -Desilting of water pans 1. Mkuru Dam, ImmediATE 2. Shilanga-in Kishushe Location 3. Mwachabo } 4. Mgeno,}-Mwatate 5. Jipe Taveta 6. Mwakitau 11,000,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 Ni l Will provide water for domestic and livestock to very hard hit area in Kish Location -These works should be accomplished before earl April to be in time to harv the long rains 7. Tsavo E&W Nat. Parks Mediums 5 Supply of diesel fuels as relief to operate boreholes. Purchase of 200 litre drums (fuel drums); - 4drums.per - To provide 400 litres 19,400 l The supply of fuel will relieve the community th burden of fuel purchase a they need the money for b needs. Immediate Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

14 per Borehole per month for the 4 months-@60/= =400 lix4months x 6No.x 60/= 1. Nyangoro B/Hole 2. Godoma 3. Challa 4. Kajire 5. Kishushe 6. Marapu 384,000 The supply should be ma see them through the four months till April when th long rains are expected. Immediate 6 Trucking of water to the most critically affected areas. ImmediATE 6. Construction of weirs/ check dams medium term To cover the following sites; -Mwakitau, Mwachabo, Kamtonga, Kishushe, Paranga, Bughuta and Kasighau. -Purchase Plastic storage tank 10No 100,000 and 2No.20 m 3 100,000 Fuels and oils for the water Bowser-if supplying in one site, twice per week for the next 4 months. Procurement of Tanker for rapid response Voi river/ 10 No.@300,000 Lumi River 10 No. 1,000, ,000 Trucking of water to the s affected areas will help to bring normalcy and mitig the prevailing problems including the current con This will also enable resumption of learning in schools which have been affected by the same. Immediate Long Term 3,000,000 3,000,000 No water storage on the a channel, borehole down stream dry due to drying river channel ( no recharg Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).

15 7. Regional Hydrogeological surveys 8 Protection of spring catchments ImmediATE 300,000 I n lower Mwatate, Bungule and Makwasinyi- Kasighau, Voi Planting of giant bamboo and seedlings Dams Lumi river (for masaiis) To build data bank hydrogeological continues Disclaimer: The recommendations of the Regional Assessment Teams are tentative and subject to the approval of the Kenya Security Steering Group (KFSSG).