Competency Development Model for Agricultural Instructors in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia

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1 Competency Development Model for Agricultural Instructors in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia Abstract Mohamad Ikbal Bahua Faculty of Agriculture, State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia * m.ibahua@gmail.com The purposes of this study are to analyze internal factors that can formulate a model of competence development of agriculture in Gorontalo Province and to analyze the degree of relationship of internal factors that can formulate a model of competence development of agriculture in Gorontalo Province. The research applied survey method. The model is verified by using analytical SEM (Structural Equation Model) through the LISREL (Linear Structural Relationships) program. The results show that there is an influence of variable characteristics, motivation and self-reliance towards agriculture s competency. Simultaneously, these three variables influence the competency of agriculture as 0.74 units (74%) at significant α = There is a coefficient of relationship between variables, that is; the coefficient of relationship between the characteristics and self-reliance of extension agent, the coefficient of relationship between the characteristics and the motivation of extension agent and the motivation and self-reliance of the extension agent. Keyword: Competency, Characteristics, Motivation, Self-reliance, Agricultural Extension Introduction Agriculture s are people who play a role in empowering the farmers as the main subject of agribusiness, so that the farmers are able to develop the agribusiness based on the capability and local resources they have. The agricultural extension, which has been given through the adult education system, aims to develop the farmers behavior in order they can farm well, have a better live, and carry out the business properly. The success of an agriculture is determined by his competency in giving the information to the farmers, such as cultivation technology, price, market access and capital, also the agricultural development policy in the working area of the agriculture. Therefore, an agriculture should have a good ability in communication, have broad knowledge, be independent, and be able to adjust himself based on the characteristic of the farmer. In this case, the agriculture should be able to arrange the lesson plan that will be implemented through an effective and efficient learning method and media based on the need of the society. The competency of the agriculture is explained in the duties and functions of an agriculture in supporting the farmers in developing their agribusiness, because a competency is an ability that the agriculture should have, whether it is a technical competency, or a managerial competency. The competency of an agriculture should be supported by the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor ability. With the competency that the agriculture has, it is expected that the agriculture will be able to complete the task properly in carrying out the agricultural extension. In the reality, there are a lot of agriculture s who have low competency in doing their job as agents of change in the development of agricultural sector. This reality is affected by several policies which require an agriculture do not work in field based on their competency. Tjiropranoto (2005) said that the agriculture s are not able or even have no chance to develop their professional ability as the functional officers of agriculture because there are a lot of activities under their responsibility, and sometimes they are not appropriate with the job as a professional agriculture. Sumardjo (2008) explained that the lack of competency of agriculture is estimated related to the process of learning which law of quality, because the agriculture is stuck on the formality demands for certificate adjustment for agriculture functional position. 166

2 The research result of World Bank (Hadi, 2000) concluded that, the competency of Field Agriculture Instructor is very low.this is caused by several factors, such us: (1) the knowledge and skill of the agriculture, which are very low, sometimes are not appropriate with the farmers need, (2) The Field Agriculture Instructors are not prepared and trained to carry out the agricultural extension. If there is a training for Field Agriculture Instructor, the training is not relevant with their job as Field Agriculture Instructor in their working area, and (3) in many things, the Field Agriculture Instructors have missed the information from the farmers and fisherman whom are handled by him. The research result of Muliady (2009) concluded that the competency of the agriculture in developing the agribusiness lowland rice farming in three districts of West Java (Karwang, Subang, and Sukabumi) is categorized as low (25%) in agricultural information and agriculture leadership s management. Bahua (2010) in his result of research stated that the competency of the agriculture s in Gorontalo Province should be developed in the sector of agricultural extension program planning and agriculture leadership. Based on the previous explanation, the research of the competency development of agriculture s in Gorontalo Province is important to be done as an effort to develop the process of learning to the farmers in producing the agribusiness and to help the government in planning the program of the agriculture professionalism development, by increasing the level of education and training of agriculture s which related to the jobs in work area. This research will uncover the empirical facts related to the competency of the agriculture s in carrying out their duty in supporting the farmers that will produce a model of development competency of agriculture in succeeding the program of agricultural development in Gorontalo Province. Methodology of Research Research Site The research was conducted in Gorontalo Province which has five districts and one city. The reasons of determining research site, were (1) Gorontalo is a province which programming the agropolitan with maize as the main crop, (2) the amount of agriculture s are dominated by the agriculture s of crops, (3) the farmers in Gorontalo Province, generally, cultivate the maize as the main crop to develop the family economic level. The research was conducted from April to August The research wasex post facto. Ex post facto is a research model that assesses the events that have occurred or an evaluation of factual condition in the field. Variables The variables of research were Independent variables (X) were characteristics of agricultural (X 1 ), motivation of agricultural (X 2 ), independence of agricultural (X 3 ), while the dependent variable was competency of agricultural (Y). Population and Sample The analysis unit of the research was agricultural numbered to 481 s and numbers of assisted farmers were farmers, with assumption that the main duty and role of the agriculture s are the same, and, generally, the agriculture s in Gorontalo Province are the civil servants. The sampling was done through proportional random sampling, from the list of the names of agriculture s in Gorontalo Province. The number of the agriculture s population is described on Table 1. Tabel 1. The numbers of the population of the agriculture s District/City Number of agriculture (people) District of Gorontalo 174 District of Bone Bolango 91 District of Boalemo 83 District of Pohuwato 79 District of Gorontalo Utara 29 Gorontalo City 25 Total of Gorontalo Province

3 By using Solvin s formula (Sevilla, 1993), the number of agriculture sample of this research in error standard as 8% is: N n = N(e)² + N(e)² n i = Ni x n N 481 n = = (0,08)² Note: n = number of sample N = number of population e = error standard n i = number of sample strata i N i = number ofpopulation strata i By knowing the number of research sample, then, proportionally, the number of agriculture s sample in each district/city of Gorontalo Province is explained in Table 2. Tabel 2. Number of agriculture sample in each district/city No District/City Number of sample (people) 1 District of Gorontalo 43 2 District of Bone Bolango 22 3 District of Boalemo 20 4 District of Pohuwato 20 5 District of Gorontalo Utara 7 6 Gorontalo City 6 Total 118 Research Method This research applied survey method through interview and questionnaire. The design of research is structural equation model of factors influence the competency of agriculture. It uses the hypothesis frame to investigate the influence of independent variable towards dependent variable. Then, the hypothesis frame is implemented to formulate the measurement model and structural equation model based on SEM (Structural Equation Model). The equation model and hypothesis frame can be seen as follow: (a) Measurement equation model (1) The measurement of characteristic variable X 1.1 = λ 1 X 1 + δ 1 X 1.2 = λ 2 X 1 + δ 2 X 1.3 = λ 3 X 1 + δ 3 X 1.4 = λ 4 X 1 + δ 4 X 1.5 = λ 5 X 1 + δ 5 X 1.6 = λ 6 X 1 + δ 6 X 1.7 = λ 7 X 1 + δ 7 X 1.8 = λ 8 X 1 + δ 8 X 1.9 = λ 9 X 1 + δ 9 (2) The measurement of motivation variable X 2.1 = λ 10 X 2 + δ 10 X 2.2 = λ 11 X 2 + δ 11 X 2.3 = λ 12 X 2 + δ 12 X 2.4 = λ 13 X 2 + δ 13 X 2.5 = λ 14 X 2 + δ 14 X 2.6 = λ 15 X 3 + δ 15 (3) Pengukuran peubah kemandirian X 3.1 = λ 16 X 2 + δ 16 X 3.2 = λ 17 X 4 + δ 17 X 3.3 = λ 18 X 4 + δ 18 X 3.4 = λ 19 X 4 + δ

4 (4) The measurement of competency variable Y 1 = λ 20 Y 1 + ε 1 Y 2 = λ 21 Y 1 + є 2 Y 3 = λ 22 Y 1 + є 3 Y 4 = λ 23 Y 1 + є 4 Y 1.5 = λ 24 Y 1 + є 5 Y 6 = λ 25 Y 1 + є 6 (b)structural equation model Agriculture competency model Y 1 = γ 1 X 1 + γ 2 X 2 + γ 3 X 3 + ζ 1 Y 7 = λ 26 Y 1 + є 7 Y 8 = λ 27 Y 1 + є 8 Y 9 = λ 28 Y 1 + є 9 Y 10 = λ 29 Y 1 + є 10 Y 11 = λ 30 Y 1 + є 11 Result and Discussion Result of Research The Condition of Agriculture Instructor The age of agriculture s in Gorontalo Province are around 38 to 58 years old, with the average of age as years. Most of the agriculture s (63.6%) are around 50 to 58. It means that almost of agriculture s are elderly people. If it is connected with the agriculture s retirement age as 60 years of age, then it is estimated that within ten years from now, the number of agriculture s in Gorontalo Province will decrease as 63 percent. The agriculture s working period in Gorontalo Province is around 7 to 37 years, with the average as 24.7 years. Almost of the agriculture s working period is around 21 to 37 years. This shows that the agriculture s in Gorontalo Province generally are elder and already saturated to their profession as the field agriculture, so that they are not able to find out the information and the innovation of agricultural technology which can be a material of agricultural extension to the farmers. This condition causes the lack of the agriculture s competency in developing the learning to the farmers. The numbers of assisted farmers in Gorontalo Province are around 45 to 412 people; with the average are 209 people. Some of agriculture s (35.6%) have 238 to 412 assisted farmers. According to the regulations issued by the Ministry of Agriculture (2004), the ideal numbers of farmer groups which can be fostered by the agriculture are 6 8 groups of farmers or farmers. It means that numbers of assisted farmers in Gorontalo province is more than 8 groups of farmers. Therefore, it affects the decrease of the agriculture s competency in developing the farmers in the target area. 65% of agriculture in Gorontalo Province are the Diploma 3, and the remaining 35% are Senior High School. The functional and technical training that have been followed by the agriculture s in last 10 years is education and training of the development of crops in The working territories of agriculture s in Gorontalo Province are generally located in the lowlands, ramps, and hills. The working territories generally are related to the cultivation developed by the farmers which are crops (rice and maize). The frequency of the interaction of agriculture with the assisted farmers is 3 times in one growing season, they are the first planting, maintenance and harvesting. The Agriculture Instructor Competency Model After analyzing the variable which affects the agriculture s competency, it is found that the structural model of agriculture s competency as in the Picture 1. It shows that the influence track of each variable can be formulated through the equation of structural model as follow: Y = -0.30X X X 3. The result of analysis showed that the relation and the influence of each variable/sub-variable on agriculture s performance model in Table

5 Table 3. Decomposition of the influence of each variable/sub-variable of agriculture s competency variable The relationship between variables/sub-variables Characteristics of Agriculture Instructor Characteristics of Agriculture Characteristics of Agriculture Motivation of Agriculture Instructor Motivation of agriculture Motivation of agriculture Independence of Agriculture Instructor Independence of agriculture Independence of agriculture Remark: t 0.05 table = 1.96 Competency of Agriculture Instructor Expressing cultural diversity Processing the information of agricultural extension Competency of Agriculture Instructor Expressing cultural diversity Processing the information of agricultural extension Competency of Agriculture Instructor Expressing cultural diversity Processing the information of agricultural extension Influence Directly Indirectly Total t-count -0, ,30-2, ,18-0,18-3, ,15-0,15-2,94 0,88-0,88 3,34-0,52 0,52 5,17-0,44 0,44 4,45 0,22-0,22 2,19-0,13 0,13 2,37-0,11 0,11 2,29 age (X 1.1 ) 0,96 Work period (X 1.2 ) 0,77 0,72 Characteristic of agriculture (X 1) Number of assited farmers (X 1.8 ) Development of self potency (X 2.1 ) Keb.untukberafili Desire of affiliation asi (X 3.5 (X) 2.5 ) 1,00 0,64-0,11 0,50 Motivation agriculture (X 2 ) 0,25-0,30 0,88 0,22 0,59 Competency of agriculture (Y) (R 2 = 0,74) 0,49 Appreciating the cultural diversity (Y 2 ) Processing the information of agricultural extension (Y 5) Intellectual independence (X 3.1 ) Social independence (X 3.2) 0,78 0,92 Independence of agriculture (X 3 ) Chi-Square=71,12, df=55, P-value=0,07076, RMSEA=0,050, CFI=0,97 Picture 1.Parameter of Agriculture Instructor Competency Structural Model 170

6 Based on the model suitability test, the tested model is able to estimate the population covariance matrix or the model parameter estimation result can be enforced to the research population. Thus, the result of the model suitability test showed the measurement model is fit with the data. The equation of measurement model and structural equation model in this research is explained as follow: A. The equation of measurement model: (1) The loading of the agricultur s characteristic variable (X 1 ): X 1.1 = 0,96 X 1 X 1.2 = 0,77 X 1 X 1.8 = 0,72 X 1 (2) The loading of agriculture s motivation (X 2 ): X 2.1 = 1,00 X 3 X 2.5 = 0,64 X 3 (3) The loading of agriculture s independence variable (X 3 ): X 3.1 = 0,78 X 4 X 3.2 = 0,92 X 4 (4) The loading of agriculture s performance (Y): Y 2 = 0,59 Y Y 5 = 0,49 Y B. The Equation of Structural Model: Y = -0,30X1 + 0,88X2 + 0,22X3 Discussion A. The Influence of Characteristic toward The Competency of Agriculture Instructor The result of research shows that the characteristic variable directly influenced significantly the competency of agriculture s. It means that the characteristic of the agriculture s will determine the merits of the agriculture s competency with the influential coefficient value as significantly in α = The influence of agriculture s characteristic appears in the merits of the agriculture s competency in appreciating the cultural diversity and the in processing the information of agricultural extension (Table 3). It indicates that if there is an increasing of a unit of the agriculture s characteristic, it will decrease the competency of agriculture in appreciating the cultural diversity as 0.18 units, and it will decrease the competency of agriculture in processing the information of agricultural extension as 0.15 units. The decreasing of the competency of agriculture in appreciating the cultural diversity includes the lack of the agricultural extension s material that is suitable with the local wisdom and the lack of the agricultural extension s media that is suitable with the local wisdom. The decreasing of processing the information of agricultural extension includes the lack of agricultural extension s media, the lack of the use of computer to search for and to deliver the information, and the lack of the use of learning method in each extension. The research result suits to the research result of World Bank in Hadi (2000) which concluded that, the performance of Field Agriculture Instructor is very low, it is showed by: (1) the knowledge and skills of the agriculture s is very low; (2) Field Agriculture Instructor is not prepared and trained to do the agricultural extension activity. If there is training for Field Agriculture Instructor, the training is not relevant with their job as Field Agriculture Instructor in their work area; and (3) in many things, the Field Agriculture Instructors have missed the information from the farmers and fisherman whom are handled by him. B. The Influence of Motivation towards the Competency of Agriculture Instructor The result of research shows that motivation variable influences significantly the competency of the agriculture. It means that the agriculture s motivation will determine the merits of the competency of the agriculture s with the influence coefficient as 0.88 significantly in α = The influence of agriculture s motivation appears in the merits of the agriculture s competency in appreciating the cultural diversity and in processing the information of agricultural extension 171

7 (Table 3). It indicates that if there is an increasing of a unit of the agriculture s motivation, it will decrease the competency of agriculture in appreciating the cultural diversity as 0.52 units, and it will decrease the competency of agriculture in processing the information of agricultural extension as 0.44 units. The developing of the competency of agriculture in appreciating the cultural diversity includes the increasing of the agricultural extension s material that is suitable with the local wisdom and the increasing of the agricultural extension s media that is suitable with the local wisdom. The increasing of processing information of agricultural extension includes the increasing of agricultural extension s media, the increasing of the use of computer to search for and to deliver the information, and the increasing of the use of learning method in each extension. The dimensions of agriculture s motivation, which is closely related to the competency of agriculture s, are: (1) the development of self-potential includes the expectation to follow a formal education, training, and conduct the field trials of location specific technology, and (2) a need for affiliating, includes: desire to be accepted by others in the live and work s environment, desire to be respected, the desire to move forward and not fail, and the desire to participate. A research of Elton Mayo at General Electric Company, in Hawthorn, Chicago, has an effect to the work group s motivation and the employees attitude in working. The contributions of the result of research for the development of motivation theory are: (1) a desire to be respected as a human evidently is more important in developing the motivation and productivity of the employees performance than the working environment condition, (2) the employees attitude is influenced by current condition, either it is inside or outside the working environment, (3) the informal groups in work environment have an important role in forming the habit and the attitude of the employees, and (4) groups cooperation do not occur accidentally, but it should be planed and developed (Yusuf, 2008). The research result shows that there is a significant influence of agriculture s motivation to the agriculture s competency from the dimension of self-potential and a desire to be affiliated. Thus, the research can help the Department of Agricultural and the local government in developing the competency of agriculture by developing the motivation of agriculture s from the dimension of selfdevelopment and a desire to be affiliated. It can be done by increasing the formal education level of the agriculture s, facilitating the agriculture in training activities, and repairing the administration system of agricultural extension department, either in evaluating the agriculture s performance, communication, and cooperation among the agriculture s as an effort in increasing the process of learning for the farmers to develop their agribusiness productivity. C. The Influence of Independence towards the Competency of Agriculture Instructor The result of research shows that independence variable influences significantly the competency of the agriculture. It means that the agriculture s independence will determine the merits of the competency of the agriculture s with the influential coefficient as 0.22significantly in α = The influence of agriculture s independence appears in the merits of the agriculture s competency in appreciating the cultural diversity and the agriculture s competency in processing the information of agricultural extension (Table 3). It indicates, if there is an increasing of a unit of the agriculture s independence, it will decrease the competency of agriculture in appreciating the cultural diversity as 0.52 units, and it will decrease the competency of agriculture in processing the information of agricultural extension as 0.44 units. The developing of the competency of agriculture in appreciating the cultural diversity includes the increasing of the agricultural extension s material that is suitable with the local wisdom and the increasing of the agricultural extension s media that is suitable with the local wisdom. The increasing of processing information of agricultural extension includes the increasing of agricultural extension s media, the use of computer to search for and to deliver the information, and the use of learning method in each extension. 172

8 The dimensions of agriculture s independence, which is closely related to the competency of agriculture s, are: (1) the intellectual independency, includes the independence in planning the agribusiness, deciding the cultivation area, deciding the production way, making decision of problem-solving of the farmers, deciding the market for marketing of the crop, and (2) social independency, includes the independence of the agriculture in keeping the independency, the relationship between the maize farmers, relationship between a group of farmers except the maize farmers, the relationship with a group of leaders, and the independence of the agriculture in developing strategy of adaptation. The result is suitable with the research result of Mardin (2009) of factors influence the independence of fisherman in Wangi-Wangi sub-district of South East Sulawesi, which concludes that the fisherman s experience, the pioneer characteristic of the fisherman, and the competency of the fisherman simultaneously influence the independence of the fisherman with the coefficient determination as 54.5 percent, in α = A research of Merliati (2008) about the empowering of farmers in fulfilling a desire of agriculture farmers independence capacity development at District of Kampar, Riau Province, concludes that the desire fulfillment level of agribusiness farmers development, the performance of agriculture in empowering the farmers, the characteristic of the farmers (Formal and informal education of farmers) simultaneously influence directly the independence of agribusiness farmers with the coefficient determination as 95 percent significantly in α = The research result shows that there is a significant influence of agriculture s independence towards the competency of agriculture s from intellectual and social independence, which means that the agriculture has been independent or do not need a help of intellectual and social independence. It indicates that the agriculture s intellectual independence is a success of the agriculture s in handling the problem of farmers based on capability and knowledge they have. Moreover, in social independence side, the agriculture s are able to communicate with the farmers, community leaders, government, and non-governmental organizations, without depending on and waiting for another action in implementing the program of agricultural extension to help developing the productivity of agribusiness. Regarding to the previous explanation, the result of this research can be a reference to the Department of Agricultural and local government in making policy related to the independence of the agriculture s which necessary to be directed to the dimension of emotional and economic independence, in order to develop the competency of the agriculture s to help the learning process of the farmers in doing their agribusiness. D. The Influence of Characteristic, Motivation, and Independence to the Competency of Agriculture Instructors. The result of research shows that characteristic, motivation, and independence of agriculture s variable influences significantly the competency of agriculture with the coefficient determination (R 2 ) as 74% in significance level α = 0.05 (Table 3). It means that the three dependent variables (X) simultaneously influence significantly the competency of agriculture s (Y) as 74% and the remaining as 26% have been influenced by another variable which is not included in this research. The influence of agriculture s characteristic, motivation, and independence variable is a significant contribution from several sub-variables/dimensions of research. It will be explained as follow: (1) The significant influence of agriculture s characteristic variable is determined by three dimensions, such as age, working period, and number of assisted farmers (Picture 1). It indicates that the increasing of age, work period, and number of assisted farmers will cause the competency of agriculture s be decreased, while another six dimensions of agriculture s characteristic, such as formal education, functional training, technical training, working area, the scope of working area, and interaction frequency of agriculture s to the farmers in this research have coefficient estimation of weight factor less than 0.40 insignificantly in α = It means that the six dimensions are not valid in measuring the competency of the agriculture. (2) The significant influence of agriculture s motivation variable is determined by two dimensions, such as self-potential development and the desire to be affiliated (Picture 1). It indicates that the increasing 173

9 of self-potential and the desire to be affiliated of agriculture will increase the competency of agriculture, while another four dimensions such as recognition of farmers, income, desire for achievement, and desire for power in this research have coefficient estimation of weight factor less than 0.40 insignificantly in α = It means that the four dimensions are not valid in measuring the competency of the agriculture. (3) The significant influence of agriculture s independence variable is determined by two dimensions, such as intellectual and social independence (Picture 1). It indicates that the increasing of intellectual and social independence of agriculture will increase the competency of agriculture, while another two dimensions of agriculture s independence such as emotional and economic independence in this research have coefficient estimation of weight factor less than 0.40 insignificantly in α = It means that the two of agriculture s independence dimensions are not valid in measuring the competency of the agriculture. The developing of the agriculture s competency can be seen by the increasing of the agriculture s in appreciating the cultural diversity and the processing of agricultural extension information. The developing of the competency of agriculture in appreciating the cultural diversity includes the increasing of the agricultural extension s material that is suitable with the local wisdom and the increasing of the agricultural extension s media that is suitable with the local wisdom. The increasing of processing information of agricultural extension includes the increasing of agricultural extension s media, the use of computer to search for and to deliver the information, and the use of learning method in each extension. The influence of agriculture instruction s characteristic, motivation, and independence variable has the coefficient determination (R 2 ) as 74%, which means that the influence of external variables as 26% is quite low to develop the competency of agriculture. Thus, characteristic, motivation, and independence of agriculture are internal factors that dominant in developing the competency of agriculture to help the farmers in increasing the agribusiness productivity which affect the increasing of farmers income and prosperity. E. The relationship between Variables which Influence the Competency of Agriculture Instructor The result of research shows that there is a relationship between agriculture s characteristic and motivation variable and between agriculture s motivation and independence variable significantly in α = 0.05 (Table 6). It can be explained that the significant relationship between characteristic and motivation variable of agriculture s is categorized as high with the coefficient relation as 0.50 units. It means that if there is a change on agriculture s characteristic in age, working period, and number of assisted farmers dimension, it will increase the development of self-potency and the desire for affiliation. The relationship between characteristic and independence variable of agriculture is categorized as low with the coefficient relation as 0.11 units. It means that the if there is a change on agriculture s characteristic in age, working period, and number of assisted farmers dimension, then it will not increase the agriculture s independence in intellectual and social independent. The relationship between motivation and independence variable of agriculture is categorized as low with the coefficient relation as 0.25 units. It means that the if there is a change on agriculture s motivation in self-potency and the desire of affiliation dimension, it will increase the s independence in intellectual and social dimension. Theoretically, the result of this research is in line with Lusthaus et al., (2002) which stated that the organization performance is influenced by three factors, such the organization s capacity, the organization s motivation, and the organization s environment that related each other. The organization s capacity is an ability of an organization in using the available resources. Organization s motivation showed the basic characteristic of an organization. External environment is a key factor in determining the level of resources availability and activities that can be completed. Conclusions Based on the research result and discussion, it can be concluded that: 174

10 1. Internal factors that influence the formulating process of competency development model of agriculture are age, working period, number of assisted farmers, self-potential development, a desire of affiliation, and intellectual and social independence. 2. The degree of the relation between characteristic and independence variable of agriculture is categorized as low and does not influence the competency development model of agriculture. The degree of the relation between characteristic and motivation variable of agriculture is categorized as high and influences the competency development model of agriculture. The degree of the relation between motivation and independence variable of agriculture is categorized as low and does not influence the competency development model of agriculture. Suggestions Based on the research result and discussion, it is suggested that: 1. The agriculture s should increase the motivation of self-potential development and the desire of affiliation to develop the competency of agriculture in helping the farmers to carry out the agribusiness. 2. The agriculture s should develop the intellectual and social independence in developing the competency of agriculture in helping the farmers to carry out the agribusiness. 3. It is necessary to follow-up the implementation of competency development model of agriculture in agriculture extension based on the location and crops cultivated by the farmers. Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to The Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia particularly The Directorate of Research and Community Service which supported me financially through BOPTN funding in conducting this research based on the specified mechanism. Bibliography Bahua, MI. (2010). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian dan Dampaknya pada Perilaku Petani Jagung di Provinsi Gorontalo. Unpublished Dissertation. Institute Pertanian Bogor. Departemen Pertanian RI. (2004). Pedoman Pengelolaan Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian. Jakarta: Departemen Pertanian. Hadi, AP. (2000). Strategi Komunikasi dalam Mengantisipasi Kegagalan Penerapan Teknologi oleh Petani. Artikel Hasil Penelitian. NTB: Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mataram. Retrieved on 19/9/2013. Lusthaus C, Adrien M, Anderson G, Carden FM. (2002). Organizational Assessment: A framework for improving performance. IDRC. Html. Retrieved 10/10/2013. Mardin. (2009). Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh pada Kemandirian Nelayan Ikan Demersal di Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi Sulawesi Tenggara. Unpublished Thesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Muliady, T.R. (2009). Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh pada Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian dan Dampaknya pada Perilaku Petani Padi di Jawa Barat. Unpublished Dissertation. Institute Pertanian Bogor. Sumardjo, M., Pang S. Asngari, Tjitropranoto, P. & Saefuddin, A. (2008). Faktor-Faktor Penentu Peningkatan Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian dalam Memberdayakan Petani (Kasus di Kabupaten Kampar Riau). Jurnal Penyuluhan. Volume 1 Nomor 1. September Hal: Tjitropranoto, P. (2005). Penyuluhan Pertanian: Masa Kini dan Masa Depan dalam Membentuk Pola Perilaku Manusia Pembangunan. Edited by: Ida Yustina dan Adjat Sudradjat. Bogor: IPB Press. Yusuf, AE. (2008). Pengaruh Motivasi terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja. Retrieved on 19/10/

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