Manure management in Catalonia

Transcription

1 Manure management in Catalonia Xavier Flotats EXPERT MEETING OF THE LIFE ES-WAMAR PROJECT TOPIC: TREATMENT PLANTS AS A SOLUTION FOR SURPLUS ZONES OF PIG SLURRY.

2 Some basic data of Catalonia Population (Inhabitants) Surface (Km 2 ) Population Density (inhabitants/km 2 ) Municipalities (number) MAB ,0 36 Catalonia ,6 946 Spain , EU , MAB: Metropolitan Area of Barcelona

3 Livestock sector in Catalonia - Pigs: 6.4 millions of animals Food industrial sector Cows: 700,000 animals ( milk production) Poultry: 38,000,000 animals Tendency to specialization and concentration Livestock production in Catalonia (Idescat, 2008) Percentage of active farms / Average of LU* per farm Year Farms LU * Swine Dairy/Cattle Poultry Others ,810 2,622, / / / / ,282 2,637, / / / / ,454 2,218, / / / / ,482 2,111, / / / / ,858 2,066, / / / / 6.2 * LU: Livestock Units

4 Manure generation Slurry (liquid manure) t / year kg N /year Solid manure High farm concentration in some areas: Osona, Bages, Pla de l Estany, Segrià, La Noguera, Les Garrigues, Pla d Urgell, Urgell N production by municipalities

5 Nitrate vulnerable areas (Directive 91/676/CEE) Application of special agronomical measures in these areas (Decree 205/2000)

6 Intensity on farming/manure production Average yearly manure-n dose to pastures and cultivated soils at Spain: 21.8 kg N/ha Yearly manure- N generation per ha in square surfaces of 5 km size Identification of areas where the centralized management is a need Prenafeta & Flotats - ICAEN (2005)

7 Geographical component. Transport as limiting factor 1 collective management plan; 2 centralized AD+concentration plants Located to minimize transport cost Centralized composting plant of cattle manure 20,000 T/year, >30 farmers evolved Juneda plants, located for minimizing transport costs Manure-N production at Les Garrigues county (kg N/ha year), in square surfaces of increasing size High density and intensity farming in a given area with nutrients surplus suggests the need of a collective management planning. Centralized treatment is a tool Teira-Esmatges & Flotats (2003)

8 Centralized management and treatment. Two AD and concentration plants. Garrigues county Operating a collective management and fertilizing plan, serving more than 167 farmers and 196 land owners (395,000 T/y manure) Geographical Information System (GIS) helps daily operations and transport optimization (collection, spreading based on crop needs of 610 plots and transport of excess manure to centralized plants) Excess manure is treated in 2 plants (220,000 T/year), since 2001 and 2004 respectively President and vice-president of farmers association of Garrigues county are the presidents of the plants companies Same cost for all farmers, independently of distances and end-use of their manure Nitrogen recovery: ~96% Other nutrients recovery: 100%

9 Centralized plants 3 Centralized plants [AD + Drying] Anaerobic Digestion Mechanical Separation ph adjust ment 3 Centralized plants [NDN + Drying] Evaporation CHP engine Biogas + NG Drying CHP engine NG Nitrification- Denitrification Physicochemical process Evaporation Drying Composting plants: 23 Composting plants (organic wastes + manure) 3 Composting plants (manure) Total capacity: 270,000 t/year

10 Treatment at farm scale 116 treatment facilities at farm scale Anaerobic Digestion (3+3) Stripping (1) Mechanical Separation (38) Composting (64) Nitrification- Denitrification (11)

11 Farm scale management and treatment. NDN farm scale. Osona county SAT Caseta d en Grau (Calldetenes Osona) Operative since ,000 m 3 /year pig slurry Solid fraction: composted and exported Liquid fraction: Nitrificationdenitrification treatment. Effluent treated is used as liquid fertilizer in the cultivated soils owned by the farmer Farmer operates the plant without problems. He was fully involved in the start-up operation and learned about it. Control tasks are simple Operative costs are less than the transport to a centralized plant

12 Farm scale management and treatment. Biogas-codigestion plant at Pla d Urgell county 11,000 m 3 /year pig slurry+ 4,000 t/year codigestion with industrial waste Construction of a greenhouse (use of thermal energy) for intensive horticultural production with high use of N Enough land for nutrients management Electricity (200 kw) and treatment fee to industrial waste is an income for the farm Facilities are conceptually simple, easy to manage by farmer New scheme: farm scale but treatment of other wastes

13 Combined systems Solid/liquid phase separation onfarm (16 S/L units) and exportation of solids to a centralized composting plant S/L phase separation and partial removal of nitrogen (NDN) and exportation of solids to a centralized composting plant 16 farm scale composting units produce 11,000 T/y compost, which is amended in a central factory and sold out of the area

14 Promotion of pig slurry Anaerobic Digestion Plants PROBIOPUR (to be approved in 1 month) Capacity of slurry treatment m 3 Number of central anaerobic digestion plants Estimated electrical power 30 MW Reduction emissions (average ) 109 kt CO 2 -eq Estimated investment 75 M The program will provide financial support to farmers and companies

15 Fertilization field trials with processed manure Program to improve agricultural fertilization in areas of Girona and central area of Catalonia ( ) Surface for agricultural use (ha) : 113,093 Experimental fields 6 The principal goal is to generate recommendations for optimal fertilization. Surface for agricultural use (ha) : 30,375 Experimental fields 4

16 Synthesis Treatment technologies to be adopted for manure processing must be the result of a management plan, designed taken into account local conditionals and considering cultivable soils as the end-users of this resource. Individual, collective or combined scale must also be a result of the management plan studies, and not a main objective by itself. Managing aspects are usually more critical than technological aspects Economical factors affecting decision about management and facilities scale are influenced by the density and the intensity of farming in a given area. High intensity areas benefits from centralized management Successful facilities can be found either at farm scale or at large - centralized- scale. Primary factors explaining their success are the involvement of farmers, contractors, technology suppliers and authorities, energy prices and the existence of a management plan as a global framework for actuations, both at individual or collective level.

17 El proyecto PROBIOGAS: PROBIOGAS, PSE singular and strategic project (PSE) Development of sustainable systems of production and use of biogas in agroindustrial areas in Spain PROYECTOS SINGULARES Y ESTRATÉGICOS Programa Nacional de Energía Coordination: AINIA

18 El proyecto PROBIOGAS: PROBIOGAS, singular PSE Objetivo and y alcance strategic project (PSE) General objective: To develop sustainable systems of production and use of biogas in agro-industrial areas, the demonstration of its viability and its promotion in Spain Macro-project (12 sub-projects). 28 partner (R+D centres and companies). 4 years ( ). Biogas coming from digesters. Feeding materials: manures, agricultural and agroindustrial wastes, Applied process: anaerobic codigestion. Different biogas uses. Eligible budget: 6,7 M ; Grants: 2,5 M ; Loands: 2,7 M

19 El proyecto PROBIOGAS: PROBIOGAS, singular PSE Objetivo and y alcance strategic project (PSE) Subprojects: Sp1: Feedstock. Sp2: Production. Sp3: Digestate. Sp4: Biogas use Plantas de Biocombustibles Explotaciones Agrícolas Explotaciones Ganaderas Industrias Alimentarias Cultivos Energéticos Residuos Biocombustibles Residuos Cultivos Residuos Ganaderos Residuos Alimentarios Ce B Ve G An Ve Sp 1 MATERIAS PRIMAS Sp 3 DIGESTATO Ce B G Ve An Sp2 PRODUCCIÓN (CO-DIGESTIÓN) G G G G An Ve B Ce Sp 4 BIOGAS Co-Generación Vehículos Redes de Gas Pilas Microturbinas. Sp5: Dissemination and coordination. Sp6 to 12: Demostration projects. Sp10 Cerceda (A Coruña) Sp 6 Tineo (Asturias) Sp12 Juneda (Lleida) Sp11 Vall d Alba (Castellón) Sp9 Almzan (Soria) Sp8 Requena (Valencia). Sp7 Pedroches (Cordoba)

20 El proyecto PROBIOGAS: Objetivo y alcance El proyecto PROBIOGAS: PSE Partners of PROBIOGAS.

21 El proyecto PROBIOGAS: Sp 2: PSE Objetivo PROBIOGAS y alcance AD labs. UNIOVI GIRO USC AINIA IRENA-UL

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