Seed Trade opportunities in Dryland Crops production in Africa ICRISAT

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Seed Trade opportunities in Dryland Crops production in Africa ICRISAT"

Transcription

1 Seed Trade opportunities in Dryland Crops production in Africa ICRISAT

2 ICRISAT research Mandate Crop Mandate Ecological mandate (Semi-Arid Tropics) Crops Groundnut Pigeonpea Chickpea Sorghum Millets (Pearl and Finger)

3 Sorghum

4 Low High Harvested area Rainfed Sorghum

5 Sorghum Production in ESA Area under sorghum (ha x 10 3 ) and production (tons x 10 3 ) in ESA Country Area Production Yield t/ha Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zimbabwe Botswana Zambia Malawi Mozambique South Africa Rwanda Source: ICRISAT ESA reports

6 Sorghum Production Diversity in ESA Countries Source: ICRISAT-ESA reports

7 Constraints in Sorghum Value Chain Genetic resources Collection Conservation Characterization Utilization Biotic stresses Leaf diseases Leaf/foliar insect pests Striga Underdeveloped Seed System Lack of varieties With preferred Attributes Limited use of productivity enhancements Unreliability of grain supply Poor market access Abiotic stresses Drought Poor post Harvest handling Reduce grain quality

8 Develop sorghum varieties/ hybrids with High yield multiple/specific end use Food-white and brown grain types depending on region Feed Fodder Malting/Brewing-white grains Adaptation to Breeding objectives Abiotic stresses- drought tolerant Biotic stresses- resistance to: diseases blight and anthracnose Insect pests-shootfly, Stem Borer, Midge fly

9 Finger Millet Evaluation

10 Finger millet

11 Low High Harvested area Rainfed Millet

12 Finger Millet: Trends in Area and Grain production in four ESA countries Country Area under production (000 ha) Ethiopia Uganda Tanzania Production ( 000 MT) Ethiopia Uganda Tanzania

13 Major constraints to Finger Millet production Blast disease Striga weed Drought Low soil fertility. Labor intensity Poor post harvest handling Lodging especially among varieties with big head

14 Preferred market qualities High grain yield Brown seeded for stiff and soft porridge Early maturity to take advantage of higher prices Bigger grain size Good brewing quality, usually manifested by dark color Easy threshability to avoid the glume (bitter) remaining

15 Finger Millet: On-going research Selection for high grain yield Selection for early maturity Resistance to Blast disease, Striga, drought, and lodging Increasing grain nutrient content Integrated Striga and Blast disease management Appropriate labor saving planters, Weeders and threshers

16 Pearl Millet: Current Research A core collection of pearl millet acquired from ICRISAT India has been characterized Collections from different African countries have been characterized Ethiopia (1), Kenya (11), Malawi (36), Namibia (86), Sudan (71), Tanzania (56), Uganda (10) and Zimbabwe (124). Selections from these characterizations have been constituted to regional trials and promising accessions advanced for possible release in the member countries

17 Pearl Millet: Current Research Current work is in the development of hybrids for high yield and high nutrient content Evaluation of biofortified Pearl Millet hybrids - 30% higher Fe content Three hybrids identified for multi locational testing for possible release

18 SEED SYSTEMS key to increased productivity GRAIN MANAG EMENT SEED

19 Table of Released varieties Ethiopia sorghum 76T1# T4# M36121 (meko) Teshale ( op IS IS Melkam ICSV 1112Inc 2005 Hormat (ICSV 1112BF) 2005 Gambella IESH 1 (Hybrid) IESH 2 (Hybrid) Finger millet Tadese (KNE 1098) Padet (KNE 409) 1998 Boneya (KNE 411) 2002 Pearl millet ICMV 221 (Kola) 2007

20 Released Varieties

21 Released Varieties

22 Released Varieties

23 Sorghum Hybrids

24 New Initiatives for increasing Uptake Hybrid Parents Consortium with Seed Companies Breeder and Basic Seed maintenance and production ICRISAT and NARS Enhancing the grain market pull for investment by smallholder farmers Alternative uses

25 Acknowledgement Governments, Scientists and Extension Services in various countries Smallholder Farmers in various countries Seed Certification Agencies Seed Companies Development Partners: BMGF and EU(IFAD)

26 THANK YOU Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything George Bernard Shaw