Agricultural research in Italy

Transcription

1 Agricutura research in tay Fideghei C. in Casas J. (ed.). Agricutura research in countries Mediterranean region Montpeier : CHEAM Options Méditerranéennes : Série Etudes; n. 1988V 1988 pages 6177 Artice avaiabe on ine / Artice disponibe en igne à adresse : To cite this artice / Pour citer cet artice Fideghei C. Agricutura research in tay. n : Casas J. (ed.). Agricutura research in countries Mediterranean region. Montpeier : CHEAM, p (Options Méditerranéennes : Série Etudes; n. 1988V)

2 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes ~ ~~ ~ Agricutura research in tay Caro Press Fruit Tree Research nstitute Rome is a is by foodstuffs one that is now in 10,000 biion in second pace oi catte, meat, wood and ceuose pup make up buk Among few pasta, as we as one must take into account. peope empoyed in ony 1.2% , a deveoped size, and this fact which is economic point view is one main obstaces to in technica and management fieds; and hiy mountainous ed to a on soi., On pedocimatic conditions a which a atitude 1,500 km, types cutivation. ' to objectives so as to optimize use this po'icy, a decisive can be payed in by it shoud be miion and, which today wi become to in wi Economic Community. Agricutura research in in reation to scientific research as a whoe to devoted to 8,000 miion (Tabe and options

3 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes 62 and ENEA Aternatiue) two in Figure 1. Tabe shows by (70.9%), in by companies (29.1%), as we as impact (69.5%), in that deveopment (25.6%) (4.9%). foowed by those that Tabe 2, which & in it be seen how deveoped is as as to is sowy tending as & 1965 and 1983, 0.7% to 1.2%. funds (Tabe 3). 2%. o%, in has made a specia on & devotes 4.1% to 3); is West to that United and beow that in to is Community (1%). it Nationa organization agricutura research and institutions The pubic stands out Figure 2 is a and its subcommittee The main body which consist as we as its is be distinguished 300 biion in 1983 on & 4). The most substantia State Education (30.8%), (20.4%) and (13.9%). and make use Each scientific bodies which capacity by poitico as Education's (5.9%). (11,2%), on Committee on

4 ~ ~ CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes i made up scientific most scientific noted: ack absence foowing points shoud be bodies; Adige and Siciy. The shows and functiona capacity as a whoe., Tabes 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 cassify existing in obtained. food which y beong. between nationa system and neighbouring activities, and The As has both is medicine as in United States independenty institutes and by a whie mainy due to fact that y ony became invoved in 1977 in fied that is constanty evoving and This is nationa bodies by m and cosey activities ~ The cose connection between some ago, is,now tending to oosen thanks to poicies ast five by institutes that context be said positive contacts and which The is decidedy open to both that shoud by i Figure economy, continues to pay a communicating science by is options

5 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes 64 exhibitions, open days and guided visits; by taking with a by resources 1. Scientists Within context especiay in case which Tabe 11 as futime units in whoe whom 30,000 beong to 20,000 to (40%). (60%) and a on such committees. a asked to sit ,000 empoyed (Tabe 12), whom 66% beonged to and 34% to companies. Tabe on shows that 60 % tota. scae, whie depend on to a best peope institutes. a to ead whose is whom it woud be usefu to estabish contact etc:) is and imited. At nationa eve, ack effective a a pubic competitive examinations, with a few exceptions. now this has ed to a which in past took situation. a One way common is to spend some time in is a Technoogy now, its has had itte infuence on situation that existed which was by existence and scientific decision. States is most and 12. shown in Tabes options

6 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes ~ situation is 0.5, it is 1. V shows that to is a pubic examination, empoyed a sowness, whie is programs and resuts scientific on and do to efficiency system, both have, in a a demands scientific and economic poicy. A scientific institutions beonging to been asked to competence, Tabe 14 gives an initia idea to by by State and technoogies. most funding goes to pant and oenoogica (29.5%), foowed by a (22.7%), medicine (17.0%) (12.5%). (28.6%) goes to foowed,by pesticides (26.3%), (13.1%), ive animas and anima and food i both coegia objectives at Tabe 15 shows by me and invove a biion to function. The financing takes a itte 6 biion) and invoves 550,, by by it is who, on basis position financing 30% tota. egumes, by

7 ~~ ~ ~ CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes 66 Täbe 1: Funds aocated to research in 1984 Biions Government State fices 1, ENEA) 1, Universities Pubic bodies Subtota 1 4, Private sector 1 (ENEL) Companies with state invovement 1, Private companies 2, Subtota 2 4, , Tota 8, Source ; / Tabe 2 ' deveopment expenses as in countries ~~ ~~ Countries % 1 France United Japan West, Germany United States Source : estimate baskd on 1981 data / options méditerranéennes

8 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes Tabe 3: Pubic expenditures agricutura research EEC countries as a % tota pubic research Countries Annua variation since 1975 (%) [tay West Germany 2.1 France Nerands Begium [reand i EEC average Source : Tabe 4: pubic expenditures for agricutura research (miion ires: 1 $ = ires) Agricuture ENEA Companies with State invovement Or ministries and bodies Tota Amount 88,185 58,438 '39,732 32,000* 24,000* 16,750 10,471 10,258 6, ,942 % ' , 100 Source: E. Gaante, C. Saa, 1986 *: estimate options méditerranéennes

9 ~~~ ~ ~~ ~~~ CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes 68 Tabe 5: agricutura research expenditures between government and private sources'and between pure and appied research and deveopment research companies financing and type , Source: tabe based on data Tabe 6 Agricuture and Forestry and ir outying stations Location Oútying stations Zooogy, Production Zootechnoogy ', Tobacco Vine SAN LECCE Oives COSENZA, Technoogy Appication and cheese Oenoogy Eaiotechnoogy EN

10 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes 69 Tabe 7: and Counci Adaptation Napes on Soi Ecophysioogy Vegetabes, Appied Ecoogy and Woody and Vines, Anima Feeding in Zootechnoogy Weed Accounting,. Woody Soi Sois, Vegetabes in Siciy, Catane and

11 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes Tabe 8: Facuties agricuture and veterinary medicine r. Udine. Napes Ca. Catania X Ascoi Tabe 9 regiona and provincia experimenta institutions not incuded in Agricutura Bodies) for for Advanced for and S. A'Adige, for for for Latium and Toscane, Estabishment, for for Oaks, Zootechnoogy and Siciy, for San for Emiia State Siciy, Noto, options

12 ~~~ CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes 71 Tabe 10: Or research institutions Agricuture and Forestry Office Ecoogy and Economics and Oenoogy Office, Genes \ Technoogy Commerce and Artisana Production Species Ois Food Sik, Foreign Affairs Nationa Committee for and Nucear Energy and Aternative Energy (ENEA) State Section: Section: Agip Pubic

13 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes ~~ Tabeau 11: Scientific, technica and or staff working 1984 Technicians and ors Tota 1. Pubic sector ' State agencies University ENEA Or bodies 2,469 23,906 2,596 1, ,398 8,136 2,545 2, ,867 32,042 5,141 3, Subtota 1 30,342 16,947 47, Private sector Semiprivate companies Private companies 877 6,825 12, ,362 22,306 1,717 14,187 35,023 Subtota 2 50, ,455 98,216 Tabe 12: Scientific, technica and or staff working in agricutura research in in 1984 (*) Sector State agencies Private companies ,908 1,485 1,162 1,2 1,437 Tota 1,925 1,746 1,674 5,345 Source : (*: excuding teachers in agricuture and veterinary facuties Tabe 13: Agricutura research budget by category, Personne Operations Equipment Category % 6O Source : based on data options méditerranéennes

14 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes Tabe Nationa agricutura research projects 1. ' Agricuture and Forestry projects according to me Cow cafine Apine and Sorghum Constitution ate maize' second in zones to in sowing Wheat 1.3. Barey New genotypes. to diseases. and Evauation species sainfoin, white cimbing upuin). in pains. sheep and goats situated in Seed Potatoes Sugar Beet Viticuture Cone seection: study high quaity environment; rationaization instaations Wood Arboricuture 1.4. Oeaginous Pants soy oi pant, Grain bean, chick peas, upin, beans, peas Sage, Gentian, 1.6. Fruit and Citrus FruitGrowing amond. Vegetabe Growing onion, vegetabe ma secco Brassica minora tinnedfood..6.oiproducing Pant Cutivation Tabe ois costs. Agricuture and Forestry Coordinated Programs 2.1. Advanced Technoogy. The aims technique capacity to fix in use in uitro to 1.8. Aquacuture mousc 1.9. "Catte Crossbreeding" Project Fattening 2.2. Cutivation Systems The objectives use soi use new system. options

15 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes 2.3. Physioogy Productibn Extension Quantitative mode Subsystems in zones. 3. Productivity SubProject Agricutura use effects modification systems. now studies that shoud ead knowedge, a, anima and vegetabe competition in pant to a Cimatic and phenoogica how to SubProject 3 technoogy thanks to and impact on food consumption and foodstuffs use. accumuation food fixing dynamics Financing: 5.9 biion OU 547 pubic 4. **Energetica 2" Project According to me and physiopathoogy in zootechnica bases technoogy. animas. As a whoe 5. Working Group 5.1 on Using coegia methodoogy, this biomass and is studying (in genetic and ecoogica aquatic species. in South), SubProject 2 knowedge systems, by incuding and quaity ife as we as between 5.2. Safeguard genetic fruit trees resources The task to, and coect foowing species: oive pum vines.

16 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes 75 O s. 03 m A. e # F E & L i i i

17 ~ ~~ ~~~ CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes Figure 2: Organizationa chart agricutura research Pariament Government scientific research and technoogy..._.. Counci _..._.. Cons. Univ t titutes... with n stations 18 facuties Offke medecine m stations instit. stations, Ecoogy Nationa 1 U Nationa Technoogy & Genoa Oenoogic Office Economics : for A =Nationa Committee on Agrarian B = Advisory Committee on Agrarian Sciences C = Nationa Committee on Agrarian Sciences = for U pant comm. Ceaning

18 CHEAM Options Mediterraneennes ' Geographic distribution pubic research institutions,, Counci