Good aquaculture and biosecurity practices in shrimp farming

Transcription

1 6/24/2015 FAO TCP/INT/3502 Reducing and managing the risk of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) of Cultured Shrimp Good aquaculture and biosecurity practices in shrimp farming Dr Pornlerd Chanratchakool Novozymes; Thailand 1 International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

2 NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION Concept The importance of a healthy pond and shrimp The careful management of three factors are important to avoid disease. Stable pond environment Healthy host No pathogens If one or more of these factors are not well managed, disease and mortality will occur. This is very common for Vibriosis and AHPND??? Environment D Host Pathogens 2 24/06/2015 International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

3 Algae/weed/dead plankton/lab-lab 24/06/ NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION

4 4 24/06/2015 NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION PROBLEM FROM OVER FED/OVER BLOOM /CRASH AND LOW D.O. ; ANAEROBIC SOIL

5 5 24/06/2015 NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION

6 NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION 6 24/06/2015 International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

7 International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

8 Chalor Limsuwan

9 9 24/06/20 15 NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

10 10 24/06/2015 NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION AHPND

11 What is a different between AHPND and Vibriosis? many different strains of pathogenic Vibrio at least four methods of testing the strains are available Is the effect of pond environment, weather/pond condition triggering AHPND, similar to Vibriosis? Is pond environment a major factor that predispose the animal to AHPND pathogen? Can we do anything on this? If yes, this is may be one way to manage. What could be a critical environment parameter? DO, toxic condition, ph, temperature, salinity International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

12 Is the health status of the shrimp still the same as before? This is one of the factor that the shrimp growers are more interest and have more doubt. If yes, why they died as fast as 7 days after stocking, unlike Vibriosis? If no, can we improve their health? International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

13 BACTERIAL DISEASE Highly pathogenic Less pathogenic Weak PL AHPND Vibriosis/White feces Healthy PL Vibriosis/White feces Successful crop

14 Management concept The objectives are moving to reduce risks of AHPND strains contamination In male/female Live feed Larva and in culture system And improving shrimp health status International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

15 กา Contamination of AHPND strains in breeder : Thailand -From feces (6.5 %) -live feed (1.2%) From: Aquaculture Business Research Center

16 In maturation and spawning phase ; main focus Testing and quarantine SPF Home grown??? Live feed!!!! Testing Treating Cleaning Formulated feed? Washing egg/nauplii Treatment? International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

17 กา Contamination of AHPND in nursery phase -Nuapli (2%) -Post larva (19%) -Artemia (13.16%) From : Aquaculture Business Research Center

18 Chanthaburi CARC

19 Post larva phase objective Testing Treating ; disinfectant, probiotic, freshwater etc Supplementary feed ; improve hepatopancrease condition less contamination from pathogen International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

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21 กา PL testing ; healthy HP and less contamination of Vibrio No abnormal HP Green colony < 100 CFU/1 g Yellow colony < 1,000 CFU/1 g From : Aquaculture Business Research Center

22 PL 12, rostral spines = 4 (4 x 3)

23 Chalor Limsuwan

24 Chalor Limsuwan

25 More focus on HP condition checking ; no abnormal HP tubule Chanthaburi CARC International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

26 Nursery phase objectives : if not directly stocking larvae/juvenile is more robust less contamination from pathogen Water treatment in nursery tank is required before stocking to reduce the contamination Larvae can be treated with specific treatment (disinfectant, microbial, etc.) given special feed during this phase. The larvae will be in this phase for at least a few days till 45 days depending on farm requirement. The stocking density in this phase is also varying based on the nursery period and design stocking size (0.1g - 3 g). International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

27 Nursery tank (12 M3) at pond size 1-2 weeks At PL/Litr Pen inside culture pond M2 2-3 weeks At Pl/M2 Cage inside culture pond 4x4 M2; several cage PL/Litr??? International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

28 Big tank ( M3); out door Big tank (25-30 M3) ; in door Small tank (10 M3) ; out door International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

29 nursery tank/pond (50 M3) 1000 PL/M2 for days Now use as culture tank to market size at 8-10 Kg/M3 Up to 30 % water exchange after 30 days small pond (200 M2) which can be in door or out door International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

30 For indoor tank, maintaining the larvae at high temperature (>32 degree Celsius for 7 days) has been recommended by Dr. Chalor Limsuwan, to reduce the risk from white spot disease and seem to work in some country during low temperature crop. International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

31 More focus on nursery International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

32 Aquaculture Business Research Center กา Contamination of AHPND strains in grow out pond -Water (24.22%) -Soil (14.79%) -Sick shrimp (24.5%)

33 33 24/06/2015 NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION Cause of problem due to over fed/over bloom /crash and low D.O. ; anaerobic soil

34 Grow-out phase Try to keep in grow-out phase less than 60 days before un-manageble Well prepare the soil Remove sludge/organic waste Ploughing Water treatment Reduce contamination Many systems are in place Bio-floc system, semi-biofloc system Partial/full-recirculation system mixed-culture with fish low density stocking

35 culture system/model that can prevent contamination and must be stable Biosecurity set up with full aeration and good drainage facility Aquaculture Business Research Center

36 Intensive : Bio-floc/semi-Bio-floc system Heavy aeration to Maintain DO > 5 ppm > 50 HP/Ha Small pond lined Concrete With good draining Make sure to re-suspend bio-floc Or remove International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

37 Remove the sludge with open outlet pipe

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41 24/06/ NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

42 24/06/ NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

43 NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION South Korea ; 150/M3 ; 120 days with partial harvest 43 24/06/2015 International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

44 Partial/full re-circulation system - culture area 50 to 70% - effluent settlement 10 % - mixing/main reservoir 20 to 40 % - become more common practice again in concentrate farming area

45 Culture pond Storage Pond Inlet Water Sedimentation Partial/full recirculation system

46 Mix culture with fish : remove algae/sludge Tilapia is a common fish If the fish is stocked directly with shrimp, stocking density will be around 1,500-3,000 fries in 1 Ha. Fish in cage Fish in water treatment pond Direct stock in the culture pond International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

47 Lower density with or without recirculation International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

48 Small tanks with transfering ; 45 : 45 days at 1Pl/litre ; transfer/harvest at 8-10 Kg/M3

49 Conclusions Testing/quarantine incoming stock is essential ; especially home grown!!! Reduce/prevent AAHPND strains contamination at each phase Maintain good tank/pond environment condition : reduce cross contamination Each pond should be managed individually Stocking density should be decided base on size of juvenile to be stocked expected size at harvest maximum biomass that pond could produced without problem (1.3 up to 10 Kg/M3). Dissolved oxygen must be maintain as high as possible at all time (>5 ppm) Feeding management must be adjusted based on shrimp growth pond by pond. maximum daily feed increment should be set for each pond seek for new/more source of brood stock produce more healthy larvae more robustness against stress and pathogen International Technical Seminar/Workshop EMS/AHPND: Government, Scientist and Farmer Responses June 2015, Tryp Hotel, Panama City

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